Community Forest Development Research Articles

The Potential of Community Forest Development through Agroforestry Pattern of Medicinal Plants on Marginal Land in Lombok Tengah, Indonesia

Abstract Lombok Tengah Regency has community forest areas that have the potential to be developed. Current conditions show that many community forests in Lombok Tengah have been developed on marginal land and generally have not implemented intensive land management practices. Thus, land productivity has not been achieved optimally. Improving the quality of marginal land requires intensive land management practices to achieve a balance of ecological, social, and economic functions. The agroforestry pattern is an effort that can be implemented to increase the land productivity of community forests in Lombok Tengah. Agroforestry is a land management system that has great potential to be developed in community forests because it can improve ecological, social, and economic functions. However, not all farmers know the appropriate pattern to increase the productivity of their land. The study aims to determine appropriate land management patterns to be developed in community forests in Lombok Tengah. The method is a focus group discussion (FGD) with 40 farmers in Emboan, Mangkung Village, Lombok Tengah Regency. The study results showed that 78% of farmers in Emboan choose an agroforestry pattern with medicinal plants, especially rhizome types. In comparison, 22% of farmers choose to plant multi-purpose tree species (MPTS) and food crops. Ginger/jahe (Zingiber officinale), galangal/lengkuas (Alpinia galanga), and lemongrass/serai (Cymbopogon citratus) are the most suitable medicinal plants based on biophysical and socio-economic conditions to be developed on community forest in Emboan, Mangkung Village, Lombok Tengah Regency.

Strategi Pengembangan Hutan Kemasyarakatan Dalam Program Perhutanan Sosial Di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Gunung Lembean Wilayah Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Unit V

The study aims to analyze the potential of biophysical civil-forest clearances, analyze economic, institutional, social and cultural conditions, and track stakeholders in determining civil-forest development strategies in the region of Lembean Mountain Reserves. The study was conducted for three months, ranging from March to May 2023. The data used is primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected through interviews, based on questionnaires. The number of respondents to the weight of four respondents with both expert and experienced levels of people's empowerment around the forest region. The number of respondents to give a twenty-first rate to those of a forest-farm group with a permit to use a community forest. The data collected in primary data concern economic conditions, institutional, social and cultural conditions, and stakeholder in determining development strategies. The turnaround strategy is a research strategy developed for the development of community forests in the Lembean Mountain Forest Area. The strategy is to facilitate the establishment and strengthening of group institutions, facilitate businesses wishing to invest with community groups through mutually beneficial cooperation, and develop patterns of agroforestry systems that have products and economic value.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN HUTAN RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BARRU

Thisresearch was conducted with the objectives of: (1) Identifying community forest management in Barru Regency, (2) Identifying community forest farmers' acceptance in Barru Regency, (3) Identifying external and internal factors in community forest development in Barru Regency, (4) Formulating development strategy in the development of community forests in Barru Regency. The research was carried out from December 2020 to January 2021. Locations in Soppeng Riaja District, Barru Regency, namely the Forest Farmers Group (KTH) Sipakatau Siddo Village and KTH Megabuana Paccekke Village. The results showed that the management of community forests in Barru Regency has an agroforestry pattern with a planting pattern of wood, food, plantation, and other crops. The average income of community forest farmers is Rp. 10,874,600/person or an average of Rp.11,187,860/hectare. Internal factors that become strengths and weaknesses in the development of community forests in Barru Regency are identified through indicators of land area, labor, experience in managing community forests and acceptance of community forest farmers. External factors that become opportunities and threats are identified through access to information in marketing the results of businesses in community forest, government attention to community forest management, government assistance to community forest farmers, the role of Forest Farmers Groups (KTH) in helping farmers market products from community forests. , the selling price of community forest products and training of farmers on community forests. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, it was found that the strength score was greater than the weakness with a difference of 2.60 and the opportunity score was greater than the threat with a difference of 2.83. This shows that the strategy formulation used is Strengths (S) – Opportunities (O) by using strengths to take advantage of opportunities.

ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN PADA ASPEK EKOLOGI TERHADAP KEGIATAN HUTAN RAKYAT POLA AGROFORESTRY DI KABUPATEN KERINCI

The existence of community forests provides many benefits both ecologically and economically for the community, so that it can create sustainable community forest development. Community forest consists of various types of systems or one of them is a model of agroforestry community forest system. Public forest agroforestry patterns have the function of being able to maintain food production, especially by slowing down nutrient and energy losses, and resisting the destructive power of water, wind, floods and landslides and can increase economic income. The purpose of this study was to look at the income of community forest farming agroforestry patterns and to see the sustainable status of community forests in agroforestry patterns. The income analysis used by using the equation of farming and sustainable income analysis using the Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) approach with the Rap-Pforest (Rapid Appraisal for Private-Forest) program. The results of community forest activities using agroforestry patterns that the results of the analysis of the sustainable status of community forest activities with agroforestry patterns Sustainability in ecological aspects show the number 79.67 (Sustainable)

Community social capital in community forest management in Pinang Village, Cendana District, Enrekang Regency

This study aims to examine 3 elements of social capital, namely mutual trust (trust), network (network), and reciprocal relationships (reciprocal) in the development of Community Forests (HKm). The qualitative descriptive method was carried out as a research approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used is qualitative, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that the level of public trust in general, both supported by cooperation between communities, trust between members of farmer groups, farmer groups with other farmer groups, and farmer groups with the government was well established because they always believed in each other that all parties, both the community, government, and other agencies work together to bring about the development of HKm in their villages. The social network that is intertwined in the village community is well established. In addition to being motivated by kinship, communication and mutual understanding are also strong factors in social networks in the village, namely social networks in community economic activities have reaped an increase in marketing. Social networks in environmental activities are proven by the willingness of farmer groups to receive information related to forest management. Social networking in community activities is proven by the enthusiasm of the village community in participating in training held by the government. The mutual benefits that exist between the parties can be seen in the benefits received by each party, both the community, government and NGOs, and other supporting institutions.

The Dynamic Role of Religious Figures in The Diffusion of Community Forest Development: A Study of Phenomenology on Madurese Community in Probolinggo Regecny

One of the causes of the successful development of community forests in Probolinggo Regency was the participation of religious leaders. This study explored the dynamics of the role of religious leaders in the development of community forests. Through a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach and a Naturalistic paradigm, it was found that religious leaders carried out dynamic roles from the pioneering period to the period of obtaining international ecolabel certificates. From this discovery, three propositions were drawn to which after inter-relation between the concepts, two substantive theories were drawn, namely (1) Followers’ Need-Based Visionary Leader Theory, dan (2) Theory of Change-and-Innovation Enabling Leader Quality (Attributes of Change-and-innovation Enabling Leader).

STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN HUTAN RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN MAROS

This study aims to determine external and internal factors in community forest management in Maros Regency, formulate community forest development strategies through involvement with stakeholders in Maros Regency and to analyze steps that need to be used as a reference and policy recommendation for community forest management in the Regency. Maros. Data retrieval in this study was carried out by a survey method which was conducted with a questionnaire for business actors or farmer groups, while interviews were for agricultural and forestry extension agents, including the village government. The sample was determined by purposive sampling by determining 50 respondents of community forest management farmers. Each of 25 people per district, each sub-district is represented by 5 groups and 1 group consisting of 5 people, namely the Chairperson, Secretary, Treasurer plus 2 members. The analysis used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis, SWOT analysis (strength, weakness, opportunity, threat). The results of the analysis show that there are two strategic priorities that can be applied, namely (1) strengthening the role of the group by providing accurate market information; (2) provide forestry counseling and guidance from the government for area arrangement and management plan preparation; (3) The government facilitates licensing to establish a timber industry in order to increase the value price of wood; and (4) Using agroforestry patterns.

A brief study of economic value of sortimens candlenut wood (Aleurites moluccana sp.) in community forest, Maros, Indonesia

The difference in timber sorting is very influential on the level of farmer acceptance, especially in setting the basic price of sortimic wood which is not objective, causing the price of wood to be low so that the Income of farmers becomes low and results in investment that is less attractive for community forest development. This research is expected to be useful as a source of information for community forest managers in determining the form of sorting that can increase farmers’ yields or Income optimally. The sample of this study used the quota sampling method, namely farmers harvesting candlenut wood (Aleurites moluccana, sp.). Data collection was carried out through field observations and interview techniques regarding the costs of timber harvesting activities in community forests and the selling price of timber. While secondary data obtained from various sources such as research results, institutions, agencies related to this research. The analytical method used is to calculate the costs and revenues from timber harvesting for various sizes of wood sorting. Data analysis includes net Income and revenue. Based on the calculation results, it is obtained that the size of of candlenut wood is 400 x 10 x 20 cm can benefit farmers as much as IDR 651,875/m3. Community forest farmer’s should pay more attention to the selling price standards of candlenut wood so that the income increases even more. As for the other things that must be considered more in terms of plant maintenance so that wood quality is higher and maintained, and facilities and infrastructure related to harvesting activities can be maintained and updated so that harvesting activities can run smoothly.

The Development of Community-Based Forest Management in Indonesia and Its Contribution to Community Welfare and Forest Condition

The development of community-based forest management (CBFM) in Indonesia has gained its momentum particularly in the last five years. It is undeniable that CBFM has become a key approach for maintaining and improving forest condition and community welfare, all at once. This paper illustrated the contributions of village forest and community forest development in Indonesia to community welfare and forest condition, which were the main purposes of CBFM program. We applied meta-analysis technique to identify the impacts of CBFM development to community welfare and conducted spatial analysis to analyze the impact of CBFM to forest condition. In the period of 2007-2018, there were at least 583 permits of village forest and 745 permits of community forest that have been granted, with the total area of 1 056 752 hectares and 590 363 hectares respectively. Our findings showed that in general village forest and community forest has positive impacts on community welfare through its contribution to community income, however the amount varied within and between regions ranging from 4% to 92%. Village forest and community forest designation also have positive impacts in improving forest condition and land use optimization. Nationally, village forest and community forest have been able to restrain the rate of deforestation, utilize unproductive land and increase primary forest cover in the last four years in particular. These findings revealed that CBFM is a proven approach that provides positive impacts on both the community and forest condition.

Strengthening of farmer groups institutions in the development of community forests based on Jamblang (Syzygium cummini Linn) agroforestry

The existence of farmer’s groups is important for increasing community forest productivity. The final impact is the sustainability of the environment and the community’s welfare with the pattern of community forests. The purpose of the research is to find out the structure and dynamic of farmer groups for institutional strengthening. The research was conducted in Cipari Hamlet, Linggajaya Village, Cisitu Subdistrict, Sumedang Regency, from 2015 to 2017. The research used a qualitative approach and descriptive explanation of a case. Data collection was conducted by doing in-depth interviews with 3 (three) informants, and using questionnaires on 22 (twenty two) respondents who are members of the “Lingga Murni” forest farmer group. The result showed that the forest farmer group “Lingga Murni” was a modern group, as seen from the existence of an organizational structure (but there was no forestry section) and some institutional activities that have already left the sub-district. But the collection of decisions was not by deliberation but directly from the group leader. The Lingga Murni farmer group did not accommodate the opinions of all members. Alternative development agency priorities were the establishment of a forestry section in the organizational structure to accommodate community forest activities, as well as the creation of work plans with the aim of improving the performance of its members, from program design to evaluation of activities.

IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI JABON MERAH (ANTHOCEPHALUS MARCOPHYLLUS) DI KECAMATAN BUA KABUPATEN LUWU

Community forest is one model of natural resource managements based on community initiatives. The development of community forests is directed at restoring land productivity. Scarcity of industrial wood raw materials requires fast-growing commercial wood, jabon merah is a fast-growing plant. Potential of jabon merah at Bua District has not been known certainly. Inventory studies contain descriptions of forested areas and potential assessments. Bua sub-district is one of the sub-districts producing jabon merah wood that comes from community forests. This research was conducted from August to September 2019 with the aim to find out how much the potential for jabon merah and the distribution of jabon merah are in Bua sub-district. This research was conducted by quantitative description method. the results obtained by an inventory of the potential of jabon merah in Bua sub-district are 5,127 m3. Volume of jabon merah for each diameter class is 0.99 m3 for the diameter class of 5-10.99 cm, 277.60 m3 for the diameter class of 11-19.99 cm, 338.20 m3 for the diameter class of 20-29.99 cm, and 122.15 m3 for the widest class located in the village of Tiromanda with 11 stands of jabon merah stands, witharea of 5.3 ha.The lowest and lowest distribution is located in Lare-Lare village, only 1 area of jabon merah stands, with an area of 0.8 ha.Keywords: Forest of the people, Potential, Distribution, Jabon Merah.

Development Model of Community Forest in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Forests as a model of national development have significant benefits for the living and livelihood of society. It gives balance and dynamic benefits in either ecological, socio-cultural or economic sides. The study aims to develop a development model of community forest in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The selection of respondents was carried out purposively, namely selecting respondents who were involved in community forest management. Methods of data collection in this study were conducted through interviews, discussions, questionnaires and field surveys. The respondents came from various experts and stakeholders related to community forest development activities. The secondary data collection was obtained from literature sources and documents from related institutions with this research. The analytical method used is a dynamic system analysis method for community forest development in Bulukumba Regency consisting of needs analysis, problem formulation, system identification and model simulation. The research result showed that the dynamic model of community forest management was built with three (3) sub-models, namely; community forest area, community forest production, and economics of the community forest. The scenarios built in this community forest development model are a combination of four (4) aspects, namely the policy of community forest development, the effectiveness of the nursery, the management system and the existence of counselling. The simulation result of the community forest development model in Kajang District was the optimistic scenario.

Spatial Distribution of Potential Area for Community Forest Development in Grindulu Watershed

The effect of deforestation on environmental degradation shifted the orientation of forest management into carrying capacity of the watershed. Based on Law No. 41/1999 on Forestry, mandates adequacy forest area defined a minimum of 30% of the watershed area which fulfilled by public forest and private forest. State forest area has limitations, so the development of community forests is needs for optimal forest area in a watershed is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of potential areas for community forest development in Grindulu Watershed. The potential of community forest was examined through an interpretation of Landsat 8 of 2016 Path/Row 119/668 for land availability and the transformation of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) as the density classifier. The classification of forest density was low density class of 5148.12 hectares or 7.20% (NDVI = 0 to 0.356), moderate density class of 12,076.39 hectares or 16.88% (NDVI = 0.356 to 0.590), and high density class of 54,294.04 ha or 75.92% (NDVI = 0.590 to 0.841). The land available for prioritized community forest development was 37,774.40 hectares (52.82%) in the form of dry-fields, shrubs, grasses, farms, which were located outside the protected areas and production forest. Based on the assessment of field surveys which were conducted proportionally at 89 samples, known good accuracy results by 0.84. Potential area for community forest development was 31,281.54 ha (43.74%) including in Pacitan (9 districts) of 29,111.98 hectares, Ponorogo (5 districts) of 263.29 hectares, and Wonogiri (2 districts) of 1,906.27 hectares.

Analisis Peran Koperasi dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat di Kebumen

Community forests are a viable alternative for timber suppliers. Community forestry institutions are required to ensure its sustainability. Cooperatives become one of the appropriate alternatives in accordance with the institution at the site level in community forest development. One of the peasant organizations that manages the human resources in the form of cooperatives is a Taman Wijaya Rasa Cooperative (Kostajasa) located in Kebumen. This study aims to analyze the role of Kostajasa in community forest management. The descriptive analysis used in describing the role of Kostajasa in community forest management supporting three community forest subsystems, namely production, processing and marketing subsystem. Kostajasa has played a good role in all three subsystems. In the production subsystem, there are still less roles in the determination of timber products to be managed, and setting the felling regulation. In the processing subsystem Kostajasa have already play a good role to connect several industries to receive raw materials from farmers’ timber and maintain the demand continuity for raw materials so that farmers’ timber is absorbed. In the marketing subsystem, Kostajasa also play a good role among others, shorten the marketing chain of wood products from community forest and offering a better price outside Kostajasa.

The Strategy of Private Forest Development in Bandar Dalam Village Sidomulyo District South Lampung Regency

The community forest is an alternative solution to the problem of the pressure of forest resources. The benefits obtained by the community depend on the management carried out by community forest farmers. This study aims to see and analyse the strategy of developing community forests in Bandar Dalam Village. The study was conducted in May 2015. The data collected is the potential data of wood analysed quantitatively. Measurement of wood potential data was carried out using a 10m x 10m square measuring plot with a sampling intensity of 1.3%. Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats was carried out to determine the right development in the community forests of Bandar Dalam Village. The community forest development strategy that needs to be implemented is the maintenance of trees, reducing the weakness of knowledge about forests by increasing knowledge about the benefits of forests and reducing threats by using simple technologies such as the use of complete agricultural tools and fertilisation.Keywords: forest products, wood private forests, the development strategy

Private Forest Management in Tulang Bawang Barat

Community forests have important values for rural communities. The purpose of this study is to determine the social and economic characteristics of the community that affect community forest management in Tulang Bawang Barat Regency. The study was conducted for 2 months in August to September 2016 in the Tulang Bawang Barat Regency, Lampung Povince. Data was collected by field observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The total number of respondents in this study was 50 respondents of community forest farmers who were taken purposively. To describe the social and economic conditions of the respondents, as well as analyze the characteristics and practices of community forest management, the data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that productive age, adequate level of education, extent of land tenure, social, ecological and economic motivations are factors that influence farmers' decisions to manage community forests. Farmers cultivate their community forest in a simple way, without using good community forest cultivation guidelines. Local government policies are very necessary to support the sustainability of community forest development, in order to achieve economic, ecological, and social needs obtained from community forest management.Keywords: social economy characteristics of community, participation, community forest farmers, rural community

Community Forest: March Towards Secondary Phase

Nepal has been fighting a battle against deforestation and enables to restore major of its forest. Forest conservation is possible through the practice of the concept of community forestry. However conserved forest is only able to supply basic amenities to users. The vast timbered and non timbered forest products, which could be the major source for income has been shadowed. This study was conducted to assess, and understand the problems and prospectus of secondary development of community forest among users’ group management committee members and to understand problems and prospects of secondary development of community forest. The study was done using both the research methods i.e. primary and secondary data collection. The major finding of the study shows that user groups have knowledge about secondary development of community forest .Major problems for secondary development of community forest are lack of research and development in forestry, along with the lack of resources with users’ groups. The prospects for secondary development of community forest are that they have been endowed with both timbered and not timbered forest products.

STRATEGY FOR BUILDING COMMUNITY-RELIANCE IN MANAGING AND UTILIZING COMMUNITY FORESTS THROUGH THE POLICY OF COMMUNITY FORESTS DEVELOPMENT

The objective of this research is to provide policy recommendation with regard to strategy formulation for the development of community forests. The policy recommendation aims to improve local people's economy, to alleviate poverty and to achieve community-reliance through the utilization of community forest programs. This study is also aimed to strengthen roles and functions of various institutions to be synergized in empowerment activities in line with the jurisdiction of rights for management and utilization of community forest. This research used descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected from Tanggamus Regency in Lampung Province of Indonesia through interviews. Secondary data was also obtained from related sources: literature and government regulations. This study found that the implementation of community forest policy is merely based on the government regulation. Another finding is that empowerment practices undertaken in the community forest is still lack of the involement of stakeholders. In addition, there is a positive impact in the practice of community forest which can be seen from the level of public awareness to the forest and in planting crops. Therefore, this research suggests that: first, there is the need of policy to overcome bureaucratic system in applying the community forest management permits; second, it needs a new formulation of budget to facilitate the community in the application of the community forest management.

Land Use Land Cover Change and its Pathways in Sidin VDC, Panchthar District, Nepal

Land use/land cover situation is an important indicator of human interaction with environment. It reflects both environmental situation and the livelihood strategies of the people in space over time. This paper has attempted to study the land use/ land cover change of Sidin VDC, in the Koshi River basin in Nepal, based on maps and Remote sensing imageries (RS) data and household survey using structured questionnaires, focus group discussion and key informant interview. The study has focused on analysis the trend and pathways of land use change by dividing the study area into three elevation zones – upper, middle and lower. The time series data analysis from 1994-2004-2014 show major changes in forest and agricultural land. The dominant pathways of change is from forest to agriculture and forest to shrub during 1994-2004 and agriculture to forest during 2004-2014. The development of community forest, labor migration and labor shortage are found the major causes of land use change.The Geographical Journal of NepalVol. 11: 77-94, 2018

Pengelolaan Hutan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dan Pengembangan Hutan Desa di Mukim Lutueng Kecamatan Mane Kabupaten Pidie Provinsi Aceh

The forest area in Pidie District was decreased by illegal logging, forest conversion, mining and road construction without regard to environmental aspects.This study aims to (1) knewabout local wisdom in Qanun Mukim Lutueng about forest management (2) knew the potential development of community forest in Mukim Lutueng (3) analyzed the community perceptions and behaviours about forest conservation. This study was conducted on 1 October 2015 to 30 April 2016in Mukim Lutueng, Pidie District, Aceh Province. The research method is ethnography with Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The result shown thatLocal wisdom in forest management consist of the law in forest activities management, suggestion and prohibition, and local community of forest management. The potential development of community forest support by civil society organizations (NGOs) with community empowerment and government community institution. Perceptions and behaviours towards qanun implementation and community forest in Mukim Lutueng was strong perceptions and with strong attitudes especially shown by community people in three villages; Mane, Lutueng and Blang Dalam. Meanwhile, the communitypeople of Turue Cut showed the weak level of perceptions and attitudes towards the qanun implementation and community forest in Mukim Lutueng. The community law (qanun) threatened by illegal gold mining activities and illegal logging. Community people need an alternative economythat does not rely on the resources of the forest.