Development Of Communities In Ukraine Research Articles

ІNTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT: APPROACHES & PLANNING METHODS

After a long time of industrial economy, modernist urban planning and neoliberal urban policy, approaches to urban development planning in Ukraine are gradually changing. Special attention today is paid to the innovative and promising integrated approach to cities planning and development, which is based on stakeholders’ participation in the planning process and acquires an appropriate legislative basis and adaptation for the country. The purpose of the article is drawing the methodological background of integrated urban development planning as a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach that concerns the interaction of all sectors of human life in the urban space. The authors reveal the emergence prerequisites, significance, application areas, as well as the substantive levels of the introduction of integrated planning and management tools in Ukrainian cities with an emphasis on the need to analyze cross-sectoral impacts. The content analysis of Ukrainian legislation and scientific sources made it possible to propose a vertically integrated system of planning formative and regulatory documentation and to determine the sequence of planning stages of integrated development of communities in Ukraine. It is noted that the highest humanitarian goal of the integrated planning tool implementation is to ensure sustainable development and rational use of the urban territory and local resources, which meets the community interests and determines its resilience in the future. The disclosure of the methodological principles of integrated urban development planning for the sustainable cities’ formation is innovative among Ukrainian geographical studies. The relevance of the publication is determined by the current process of reforming the urban planning system in Ukraine, which predicts the integrated urban development concepts development.

Justification of points and scenarios for the development of rural and settlement communities in Ukraine (on the example of Luhansk region)

Purpose. The aim of the article is to determine, using the example of the Luhansk region, modern trends in the life of rural and settlement communities in Ukraine and to substantiate the starting points and scenarios for their socio-economic development.
 Methodology / approach. The methodology of cognition and presentation of material consists in modern dialectics using a set of specific methods. In particular, the method of systemic-structural analysis is used to reveal the systemic content of the reform of local self-government and determine its role in ensuring sustainable development of Ukraine. The factor analysis method was used to identify the factors of community development. Economic-and-mathematical methods are applied in the systematization of the empirical material collected by the authors of the modern development of communities in Ukraine and the Luhansk region.
 Results. On the example of the Luhansk region, the content of the determining factors in the development of rural and settlement communities of the country has been identified and disclosed. The priority scientific and practical tasks of identifying points and justifying scenarios for sustainable socio-economic development of rural and settlement communities in Ukraine have been established.
 Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, the multidirectional factors of the modern development of rural and settlement communities in Ukraine, in particular the Luhansk region, have been systematized; general trends in the development of the country’s communities have been identified, highlighting both their positive and negative manifestations.
 Practical value / implications. The practical value lies in the substantiation of the initial applied base for the development of long-term plans for the development of rural and settlement communities. The materials of the article will be used in the context of providing consulting assistance to the heads of local self-government bodies and activists of the united territorial communities of the Luhansk region in order to develop an effective and transparent management system, its orientation towards achieving the goals of sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas.

Positioning of low-urbanized territories based on self-identification: The case of Ukraine

In the context of competition for limited resources for the development of territorial communities in Ukraine, the use of marketing tools in managing local development is becoming increasingly important. One of these tools is positioning. In the case of territorial communities, it is a communicative expression of their identity. This study aims to determine the positioning characteristics of small territorial communities in Ukraine (low-urbanized territories – communities with a predominantly rural population) in formulating their positioning criteria. The subject of the analysis was the strategic visions formulated in the long-term planning documents of low-urbanized territories. Descriptive information was evaluated and grouped using expert methods. It was determined that low-urbanized territories in Ukraine use a multi-criteria approach in the positioning process: the number of applied criteria reached 26 (an average of 6 criteria). Each of them is focused on specific target audiences – residents, investors/local businesses, and tourists/visitors (48% for each of the target audiences). At the same time, less than half of the surveyed communities (44%) position themselves as “territories of developed agriculture”. Since little research has been done on the positioning of territorial communities in the Ukrainian context, this study has contributed new knowledge in this field.

Municipal Bonds as a Financial Component of the Development of Territorial Communities in Ukraine

The world economic thought has a number of tools, the use of which helps attract financial investment and helps accumulate additional funds for infrastructure and social projects of municipalities. The issue of municipal bonds as a financial component of the development of territorial communities is considered vital for this research in which the factors that determine the ability to borrow are highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of using municipal bonds by local governments are also identified. It is realized that the world experience in the application of municipal bonds is contradictory and ambiguous. It is established that the best results from the use of bonds have been the municipalities of countries with a high level of development and municipal management, which determines the demand for this type of securities from investors. The use of municipal bond in countries with economies in transition has led to a number of municipal defaults, resulting in severe restrictions on their issuance by central authorities. The united communities of Ukraine require additional financial resources. Smaller municipalities are characterized by a high rate of budget subsidies and low average income per community. Ukrainian territorial communities’ municipal bonds are used insufficiently in comparison to developed industrial countries. Factors that shape the risks of implementing a system of local borrowing in Ukraine are identified and include lack of recognition and registration of local governments as legal entities under public law, imperfection of legislation, lack of experience in local borrowing, lack of clear information about the available resources of local communities and their valuation.

Institutional and legal support for the functioning of local governmental subjects in Ukraine

Some aspects of institutional and legal support of local self-government social institutions' functioning in Ukraine have been considered. Modern municipal transformations related to the sphere of local self-government affect the activities of local self-government bodies, territorial communities and other public administration institutions as well as the interaction between them, which necessitates resolving issues related to the institutional and legal aspects of the local self-government practice. For this, the features of the institutional component in the structural and organizational sense and the legal component in terms of legislative and statutory regulation of the functioning of local governments have been analyzed. General characteristics of formal and informal rules, on which institutional maintenance of activity of subjects of local self-government is based, have been presented in the article. Special attention has been paid to the legislative definition of local self-government system social institutions, which are located at the appropriate institutional levels, as well as the peculiarities of relations between the subjects in this area. The peculiarities and methodological principles of the institutional building of the territorial community as a subject of local self-government, as well as the powers of direct and indirect participation in municipal relations, defined by law, have been highlighted. The importance of improving the interaction between members of the territorial community and local self-government bodies through the mechanisms of cooperation that should be regulated in legal acts at the local level has been emphasized. The specifics of local regulation of the functioning of local governments in the regional programs for the development of local government and the promotion of public activity in the Dnipropetrovs’k region have been studied. The problems of development of statutory rulemaking have been considered, which concern the shortcomings of the legislative detailing of the subject content of the statutes of territorial communities, the obligation to adopt them, the absence of norms on the procedure for their development and adoption at the local level. The formulated proposals for solving the existing problems of statutory regulation of the functioning of local governments will contribute to the further development of territorial communities in Ukraine.

Measures of financial control over the development of united territorial communities

The purpose of the article is to substantiate new measures of financial control over the development of united territorial communities. The article examines the relevance of the introduction of a system of financial control over the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine. The authors prove that the main goal of proper financial control of the further development of the united territorial communities in Ukraine was actualized for the three reasons: rational distribution and efficient use of financial resources; ensuring the upward dynamics and territories’ sustainable development. The features, goals, and objectives of financial control of the development of territorial communities are outlined. The essence of the concept of financial control of the development of territorial communities is specified. The results of the analysis of several indicators of financial development of the united territorial communities in Lviv region are given and the conclusion about the disproportions of financial support of community development is systematized. The author's methodological approach to the analysis of the integral coefficient of financial capacity of territorial communities of the region is developed. The analysis of the state of financial capacity of the united territorial communities in Lviv region is carried out. The scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the author's methodological approaches to grouping and comparative analysis of united territorial communities based on indicators of income and expenditure, grants and subventions from the state budget, which allowed to identify the level of financial capacity and assess the effectiveness of the use of financial resources in each united territorial community in Lviv region. The practical significance of the research is that the implementation of the results of the financial capacity analysis can be used as informative and analytical measures of financial control over the development of local communities. Other perspective guidelines concerning measures of improvement of financial control in the processes of social and economic development of communities are outlined.

Inequality in the distribution of income as a threat to the sustainable development of united territorial communities in Ukraine

Inequality in the distribution of income as a threat to the sustainable development of united territorial communities in Ukraine

Promoting E-development of communities in Ukraine: conceptual and legal foundations (regarding the municipal data-driven governance)

The feasibility of scientific and legislative support for promoting e-development of communities and managing their resources based on data and ICT has been substantiated using a multidisciplinary approach. The article makes the case for introducing the concept of e-development of communities and using it in the suggested narrow and broad meaning; its components are defined. The purpose of such development is to strengthen the decentralization and to achieve the balance between social, economic and ecological indicators of development of communities in Ukraine. E-development is a system-forming category for existing concepts, methodologies, digital and next-generation capabilities to use data in all life areas of communities to identify and achieve key development goals. Key factors that hinder the implementation of data-driven governance and best practices of data governance for local self-governance have been identified. Promising directions for the implementation of the data-driven governance principle as well as the expected results from the increase in the efficiency of evaluation and analysis of such data are outlined. In the context of the application of the principle of data-driven governance, the importance and tasks of monitoring and evaluating e-development of communities have been described, including the development of laws and regulations, introduction of necessary organizational and administrative mechanisms, conducting awareness-raising activities, promotion of data and its social importance with regard to addressing local issues, etc. The article also focuses on the development of human capital for the data-driven governance, namely the importance of applying a professional approach to data governance is underlined incl. the introduction of the role of CDO at the level of both the centralized platform and data administrators - i.e. local self-governance bodies.

Strengthening the differentiation of the development of territorial communities as a risk of decentralization reform

The paper investigates the strengthening of intraregional differentiation of the development of territorial communities in Ukraine under the influence of decentralization reform and administrative-territorial reform. The types of asymmetries of territorial communities’ development are identified, among them: organizational, functional, social, budgetary, institutional. The conducted analysis of organizational asymmetries related to the formation of territorial communities has made it possible to identify significant gaps by number and area of ??the united territorial communities (UTCs). The capacity and the size of the population of community are interrelated, because the large communities have greater opportunities for business development due to the availability of labor resources and the ability to hold infrastructure objects and institutions of communal property. Instead, small-scale UTCs are usually financially feasible only if they have budget-generating companies. Unfortunately, the creation of a significant part of UTCs has taken place without taking into account the capacity requirements and contrary to the requirements of the methodology in order to obtain additional authority and resources. As a result of violations, there were problems of the possibility of further functioning of newly formed territorial communities. Among the UTCs created during the years of reform, there is a strong differentiation by level of their financial capacity. The ratio between the minimum and maximum values of own revenues of UTCs’ budgets per inhabitant (asymmetric scale) is about 40 times. The distribution of UTCs’ revenues depending on the population size are analyzed and it is found out that with each subsequent year of power decentralization reforms the territorial communities with higher financial capacity were formed. The lack of sufficient economic potential for UTCs’ development is confirmed to be the reason of low level of financial capacity of their overwhelming majority. Attention is drawn to the necessity of leveling the risk of increasing differentiation and the gap between UTCs and territories that have not gone through the process of unification. The measures for overcoming intraregional development differentiations are proposed, among which is the necessity to adhere to certain criteria concerning population size, share of transfers in income, share of managerial expenses while the formation of a UTC; maximum use of endogenous factors of territorial communities’ development; elimination of conflict situations between the center and the periphery when planning the development of the territory, etc.

Public administration in territorial communities: organizational and financial aspects

Prospects for the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine and their financial support have been identified and investigated. Attention is drawn to the success of the process of budget decentralization, which largely depends on the financial capacity of local governments, which determines the performance of the functions entrusted to them. The general dynamics of the expenditures of the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine for the maintenance of public administration is analyzed. The efficiency of public administration and control over corruption in Ukraine is calculated. The expenditures per a unit of management of the united territorial communities of the Carpathian region and the united territorial communities of Central Ukraine (per capita and the share of expenditures on public administration in their own revenues) are examined. The analysis shows that the lowest share of public administration expenditures in own revenues (excluding transfers) is peculiar to communities with high financial capacity. United territorial communities with small territory and little population tend to have low financial capacity, and therefore high levels of share of public administration expenditures in their own revenues (excluding transfers). The exception is some small communities where the budget-forming companies are located. The paper proves that the united territorial communities of the Carpathian region in comparison with the united territorial communities of Central Ukraine are characterized by a high share of management expenditures compared to the average Ukrainian value. It is determined that the share of public administration expenditures in own revenues (excluding transfers) is lower with higher financial capacity of the budget, since such expenditures are relatively constant. The author suggests one of the best options for further development for communities, namely joining them with other territorial communities and creating a territorial community of larger size and population, optimizing the number of employees in public administration and the expenses for their maintenance.

TOURIST DESTINATIONS AS A CATALYST OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE

Topicality. Establishing and increasing economic and social stability, financial resilience and environmental security are particularly relevant and important issues of Ukraine development, that�s why we need a comprehensive solution to problems, directed at providing and stimulation of sustainable development, both on a state level and particular administrative-territorial units level. Statistic and analytical reports information from 2016 � 2017 about the communities� condition in districts demonstrates poor performance of social-economic development, according to this there is a slowing down of the transition to sustainable development of the territories of particular local communities. European integration process, decentralization of authority and local government reform open new opportunities and give the basis to provide modern tools of the territories development as an assistance sustainable development of the communities, and all these inspire the governmental structures to look for new directions of development of own territories and to find better ways to manage economic activity, and also it is necessary to determine scientific basics which can regulate the sectors of economic activity of the sustainable development of communities in sector section, including tourism. Aim and task. The aim of the article is a determination of conceptual tasks of stimulation of sustainable development of communities in Ukraine through the development of tourist destinations as options for ensuring economic, social and environmental stability in conditions of decentralization, management which is possible at the local level due to modern legislative changes caused by the reform of local self-government. It is planned to identify and disclose the concept, criteria and classification of tourist destinations as an object of public administration. The means of stimulating the sustainable development of territorial communities are proposed to be developed and implemented taking into account the new institutional capacity that opens the process of decentralization and on the basis of world experience. Results. It was considered the conceptual basics of stimulation of sustainable development of communities in Ukraine at the expense of public management of the development of tourist destinations into account the influence of processes of the decentralization. It was explained the opportunity using of the tourist destinations as the object of public administration and the variant of the model of cooperation which aims at ensuring economic, social and environmental stability in conditions of decentralization, and also regulation of business activity of the communities thanks to modern institutional transformations, which take place due to the process of the voluntary integration of the communities in Ukraine. It was proposed the classification of the types of tourist destinations on the by degree of localization, sectoral division and preferences of consumers of tourist product. Conclusions. It was discovered that the development and the management of tourist destinations of communities may become that base which is going to give the stimulation for increasing economic activity and to contribute of the financial enriching of the communities. Conceptual basics, mechanisms and instruments of the managing of tourism destinations from local authority�s side are the subject and perspective for further scientific researches in this area.

PROBLEM OF INSTITUTIONAL PROVISION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE

This article is devoted to the problem of institutional provision of socio-economic development of territorial communities in Ukraine, analysis of the peculiarities of administrative and territorial modernization at the regional level, streamlining of the system and structure of local authorities, as well as substantiation of the basic principles that are intended to ensure the effectiveness of institutional modernization of territorial communities in Ukraine . The system of local self-government does not meet the needs of society. Local governments do not have the necessary levers of influence, properly fulfill their functions in most of the territorial communities, do not ensure the creation and maintenance of a suitable living environment, which is necessary for the full development of the person, the protection of his rights, self-realization and providing the population with local self-government available administrative, social And other services in certain areas. The formation of self-sufficient, active and active territorial communities in Ukraine is a determining factor in the democratization of Ukrainian society and the realization of the constitutionally enshrined right of the people as the only source of power in our state. It is important for communities to create appropriate government institutions that are accountable to them and are in control, and which are actually effective. A territorial community is a collection of citizens of Ukraine who live together in a rural or urban settlement, have their collective interests and legal status, which is determined by law. Unlike a simple territorial unit, a settlement that has the status of a territorial community is given certain rights. First of all, this is the right to self-government. The united territorial communities will become a territorial unit of regional subordination. The institutional provision of territorial communities in Ukraine requires not only theoretical reflection and substantiation. Any theories are only worth something when they are tested in practice.

АНАЛІЗУВАННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ РОБОТИ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОЇ ГРОМАДИ

Reforming the system of public finances and administrative- territorial organization of Ukraine affects the formation of effective mechanisms for financial support of the functioning of territorial communities for their full involvement in the processes of socio-economic growth of the state. In this context, the theoretical principles of the need to analyze the financial condition of territorial communities in Ukraine are considered. In accordance with modern domestic transformation processes, local self- government bodies are gradually becoming influential subjects of financing the development of territorial communities in Ukraine. In addition to them, today the important subjects in these processes are public authorities that provide funding for the development of territorial communities. The author of the study analyzed the financial work of Novostrilishchanskaya TG during 2019-2020. As a result, the amount of budget allocations increased by UAH 442082. Revenues from the provision of services also increased by UAH 6,668. The amount of income from exchange transactions increased by UAH 448,750,000. Tax revenues of the budget decreased by UAH 35,642. However, the total budget revenues increased by UAH 492,853. As for expenditures, there was a significant increase in expenditures for the implementation of budget programs by UAH 424,473. Based on the SWOT analysis, problems were identified and priority areas of community development were selected. The community has significant prospects for economic and social development, associated with a favorable geographical location, good transport links and hard work of community residents. It is substantiated that the financial support of territorial communities should be understood as the process of formation, distribution and use of financial resources in order to meet the needs and interests of citizens in all spheres of life in the territory. In this context, the main priority areas of financial development of the community for the next 3-5 years are proposed. Effective methods of analysis of financial work for construction of strategy of development of territorial communities are defined.