Child's Future Development Research Articles

Parenting Attitudes and Self-esteem: The Mediating Role of Reflective Function

<p>反思功能為近年來提出的一個關於個體之心智能力的概念，本研究欲探討教養態度與個體自尊之關聯，以及反思功能在其中所扮演的中介效果。研究方法採取問卷調查法，以臺灣成年初顯期個體為研究對象，總共蒐集495份有效樣本，以教養態度量表、反思功能問卷、Rosenberg自尊量表為研究工具。</p> <p>研究結果如下：（1）關懷的教養態度與自主支持的教養態度，對自尊與反思功能皆具有顯著的正向預測效果；而過度保護的教養態度與心理控制的教養態度，對自尊與反思功能皆具有顯著的負向預測效果。（2）反思功能對自尊具有顯著的正向預測效果。（3）反思功能在關懷的教養態度與自尊之間，具有中介預測效果，越高的關懷教養態度透過高反思功能的中介會具有更高程度的自尊。（4）反思功能在過度保護的教養態度與自尊之間，具有中介預測效果，越高的過度保護教養態度透過低反思功能的中介會具有較低程度的自尊。（5）反思功能在自主支持的教養態度與自尊之間，具有中介預測效果，越高的自主支持教養態度透過高反思功能的中介會具有更高程度的自尊。（6）反思功能在心理控制的教養態度與自尊之間，具有中介預測效果，越高的心理控制教養態度透過低反思功能的中介會具有較低程度的自尊。</p> <p>研究貢獻為提升臨床實務工作者或教育工作者關於個體反思功能的重視，並提供不同的觀點以檢視原生家庭的教養經由透過何種心理運作機制而影響到子女的未來發展。</p> <p> </p><p>Reflective function, a recently introduced concept in the field of individual mental abilities, is defined as the ability to understand the mental states behind one’s own or others’ behaviors, recognizing that these behaviors are expressions of one’s mental states, such as feelings, thoughts, fantasies, beliefs, and desires. Reflective functions allow individuals to understand their mental state and form the basis of self-construction. In academic research, reflective function is often considered an important mediating variable and is used to measure the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions on case outcomes. As an individual’s reflective function is influenced by attachment, early traumatic experiences, parental reflective function, and parental parenting behaviors, primary caregivers play a crucial role in influencing a child’s reflective function. The parenting attitudes of a primary caregiver are apparent patterns of parent-child interaction. An individual’s reflective function impacts self-identity, mental health, and several other aspects. Self-esteem is an individual overall evaluation of self-worth, which can maintain their psychological well-being and may also be influenced by their reflective function. Based on the above, primary caregivers can affect an individual’s reflective function, mental ability development, and individual perception and evaluation of self-esteem. Several studies have confirmed the effect of parenting on self-esteem. However, whether the impact of parenting attitudes on individuals can extend to emerging adulthood, which is the period between 18 and 29 years of age, remains unclear. In addition, no studies have explored the mediating effect of reflective function on parenting attitudes and self-esteem in emerging adulthood. By clarifying the impact of parenting attitudes on individual reflective function and self-esteem, it will be possible to provide counseling or psychotherapy interventions, allowing them to use appropriate therapeutic techniques, such as mentalization-based therapy (MBT). Therefore, this will enable the opportunity to concomitantly improve individual self-esteem and alleviate the negative impact of vulnerable family factors on individuals. Based on the above research motives, the research objectives of this study are as follows:(1) To examine the relationship between parenting attitudes and reflective function in emerging adulthood. (2) To examine the relationship between reflective function and self-esteem in emerging adulthood. (3) To examine the relationship between parenting attitudes and self-esteem in emerging adulthood. (4) To examine the mediating effect of reflective function on parenting attitudes and self-esteem in emerging adulthood. This study employed a questionnaire survey method among emerging adults in Taiwan. A total of 495 valid samples were collected using the Parenting Attitudes Scale, Reflective Function Questionnaire, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale as research tools. The research results are as follows:(1) Caring and autonomy-supportive parenting attitudes have significant positive predictive effects on selfesteem and reflective functions. Overprotective and psychologically controlling parenting attitudes have significant negative predictive effects on self-esteem and reflective function. (2) Reflective function has a significant positive predictive effect on self-esteem. (3) Reflective function has a mediating predictive effect between caring parenting attitudes and self-esteem. The higher the level of caring parenting attitudes, the higher the level of self-esteem that can be achieved through the mediation of a highly reflective function. (4) Reflective function has a mediating predictive effect on overprotective parenting attitudes and self-esteem. The higher the level of overprotective parenting attitudes, the lower the level of self-esteem that can be achieved through the mediation of a low reflective function. (5) Reflective function has a mediating predictive effect on autonomy-supportive parenting attitudes and selfesteem. The higher the level of autonomy-supportive parenting attitudes, the higher the level of selfesteem that can be achieved through the mediation of a high reflective function. (6) Reflective function has a mediating predictive effect between psychologically controlling parenting attitudes and self-esteem. The higher the level of psychologically controlling parenting attitude, the lower the level of self-esteem that can be achieved through the mediation of low reflective functioning. This study contributes to enhancing the attention of clinical practitioners or educators to individual reflective functions. Moreover, it provides different perspectives to examine the effect of parenting of the family of origin on the future development of children and the psychological mechanisms involved.</p> <p> </p>

Social Story Intervention for Training Expected Behaviors among Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Promoting appropriate behaviors in early childhood is crucial for children's future development. This systematic review aimed to explore the efficacy of social story (SS) intervention in teaching expected behaviors among preschool children. A structured search strategy was applied to five online electronic databases. The references were systematically screened in accordance with the PRISMA statements. Randomized or non-randomized controlled studies, as well as single-subject studies, in which SSs served as a behavioral training approach for children aged 2 to 6 years were included. Information related to study design, characteristics of the participants, target behaviors, and implementation of SS intervention was extracted. A meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model, where similar outcomes were evaluated by similar intervention across multiple studies. Twenty-one studies were identified for qualitative analysis, while two studies formed the basis of the meta-analysis. SS interventions were employed to teach a variety of behaviors among typically developing children as well as those with various disabilities, such as autism, developmental delay, hearing impairments, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or other disabilities. The target behaviors included oral health practices, peer interaction, staying on-task, self-regulation, sleep habits, and controlling aggressive behavior during group activities. The SSs were used either alone or combined with other strategies, such as positive reinforcement, music therapy, role play, group discussion, video self-modeling, immediate practices, or additional audio commentary. Most studies reported improvements in appropriate behaviors and/or reductions in unfavorable behaviors. The meta-analysis indicated that children practiced more toothbrushing steps when using SS interventions compared to conventional oral health instruction (Z = 3.60, MD = 0.66, 95%CI 0.30 to 1.02, p < 0.001). SS interventions have the potential to teach target behaviors, particularly toothbrushing behaviors, among preschool children. More well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted to determine the efficacy of SS interventions among children with various developmental profiles.

Early Childhood Development and Social Mobility in China

Purpose Infancy and early childhood are critical stages for the development of both cognitive and socioemotional skills, which are predictive of subsequent academic success, labor market outcomes, and socioeconomic achievement. Empirical research both in China and in other countries has revealed that nurturing quality is increasingly divergent among social classes, leading to intergenerational accumulation of advantage/disadvantage, declining social mobility, and exacerbating class inequality. The article aims to systematically examine existing theoretical and empirical research on early childhood development and social mobility and provide a holistic comparative and analytical framework for future research in the context of China. Design/Approach/Methods This article systematically reviews relevant theories and empirical research in the field and provides preliminary findings of early childhood education investment in China, using the data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Specifically, the article focuses on the differences in early childhood education investment and child development among families of different socioeconomic statuses and discusses the potential impact of these differences on children's future development. Findings The findings of this study reveal distinct patterns in early childhood education investment and child development across diverse socioeconomic strata in China. China's initiatives to enhance children's education and human capital have robust theoretical foundations and timely policy implications. However, despite the ongoing efforts, early childhood parenting and education programs lack systematic research, emphasizing the urgent need for intervention programs and comprehensive databases to inform evidence-based policymaking. Originality/Value The article concludes with a comprehensive analytical framework for the study of early childhood development and social mobility in China, which has implications for promoting human capital investment and facilitating social mobility.

Behavior change intervention to sustain iodide salt utilization in households in Ethiopia and study of the effect of iodine status on the growth of young children: community trial.

Monitoring systems in a broad range of countries are a notable effort to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). This study aimed to gather data on the amount of iodide present in table salt and how household consumption patterns affect children's iodine status and its effect on their growth. A single treatment arm community trial study design was designed. Lower community units (LCUs) were chosen at random from districts assigned either intervention or control. From a list of LCUs, 834 mothers and their paired children were chosen randomly. Urine and table salt samples were collected and examined in the national food and nutrition laboratory. The deference between arms was determined using a t test, and the generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to forecast parameters. The mean iodide content in the table salt samples of 164 (98.1%) was 45.3 ppm and a standard deviation (SD) of 14.87, which were above or equal to the recommended parts per million (ppm). Between the baseline survey and the end-line survey, the mean urine iodine concentration (UIC) was 107.7 µg/L (+/- 8.64 SD) and 260.9 µg/L (+/- 149 SD). Children's urine iodine excretion (UIE) had inadequate iodine in 127 (15.2%) children at the beginning of the study, but only 11 (2.6%) of the intervention group still had inadequate iodine at the end. The childrens' mean height (Ht) was 83.1 cm (+/-10 SD) at baseline and 136.4 cm (+/-14 SD) at the end of the survey. Mothers knew a lot (72%) about adding iodized salt to food at the end of cooking, and 183 (21.9%) of them did so regularly and purposefully. A total of 40.5% of children in the intervention group had stunted growth at baseline, which decreased to 15.1% at the end of the study but increased in the control group to 51.1%. The mean difference (MD) of urine iodine concentration (UIC) between intervention and control groups was 97.56 µg/L, with a standard error (SE) of 9.83 (p=0.001). The end-line Ht of children in the intervention group was increased by 7.93 cm (β=7.93, p=0.005) compared to the control group. Our research has shown that mothers who embraced healthy eating habits had perceived improvements in both the iodine status and height growth of their children. In addition to managing and using iodine salt, it has also introduced options for other healthy eating habits that will also play a significant role in their children's future development. This sort of knowledge transfer intervention is essential for the sustainability of society's health. Therefore, this trial's implications revealed that the intervention group's iodine status and growth could essentially be improved while the control group continued to experience negative effects. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT048460 1.

The Application of Body Rhythm in Music Therapy - Taking the Experience of Autistic Children as An Example

According to the data of 2021, the number of autistic people in China exceeds 10 million, and the number of autistic children exceeds 2 million. However, there is no specialisation in autism rehabilitation and intervention in the domestic education system, and most practitioners receive training only after joining the profession. In the new period of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the state has put forward new guidance for the development of the autism industry, and the number of special education institutions and practitioners has increased rapidly, but at the same time, they are also facing the bottleneck of the application of diversified methods of rehabilitation therapy, and the insufficient construction of the accreditation system and standardisation, and other problems. Based on the concept of music therapy and the scientific theories required for the rehabilitation of children with special needs, the study explores the integration of the role of music and rehabilitation interventions, combining musical elements with the practice of somatic rhythms, and paving the way for medical rehabilitation after long-term planned training, promoting physical coordination, exercising imitation and observation skills. The assessment system for the application of body movement derived from the practice is summarised to provide reference for the service model and future development of children with special needs.

PENGUATAN PERAN KELUARGA DALAM KEBERHASILAN ASI EKSKLUSIF MELALUI EDUKASI PIJAT OKSITOSIN

Exclusive breastfeeding coverage according to WHO (2020) is 44%, still less than the 2030 target of 50%. Indonesia’s exclusive breastfeeding in 2021 is 71.58%. Exclusive breastfeeding in the Riau Islands in 2020 reached 44.9%, and in Batam it was 58.1%. This coverage figure is still far from the national target of 80%. Low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding can affect a child's future growth and development. Insufficient milk production and slow release is one of the reasons why mothers do not give exclusive breast milk to their babies. Other factors that influence breast milk production include the mother's nutritional status, Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD), family support and the mother's own knowledge. One effort to increase breast milk production is with oxytocin massage. The aims of this activity are 1) Providing education about Exclusive Breastfeeding and how to stimulate breast milk production by doing Oxytocin Massage, 2) Demonstration of Oxytocin Massage for mothers and families to support the success of Exclusive Breastfeeding. This Community Service Activity (PKM) was carried out at PMB "A", in January 2023. The population of breastfeeding mothers was 6 people. PKM activities are carried out by providing education about exclusive breastfeeding and how to increase breast milk production using leaflets as well as an Oxytocin Massage demonstration. The results of the activity show an increase in the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers with the majority having good knowledge of 83.3%. This PKM activity is expected to be able to motivate breastfeeding mothers to implement breastfeeding until 2 years old.

A37: An Experimental Study on the Effect of Traditional Old Games on Fundamental Motor Skills of Children Aged 7-8

Purpose: Fundamental Motor Skills as the "cornerstone" of children's healthy growth, its firmness determines children's future development. However, with the progress of science and technology and the convenience of modern life, the physical activity level of children has decreased significantly, and the development of basic motor skills has increased rapidly. Therefore, in October 2020, it was clearly proposed to gradually improve the school physical education teaching model of "health knowledge + basic sports skills + special sports skills". At the same time, as the wisdom crystallization of human development, traditional old games are increasingly replaced by the ever-changing electronic games and gradually fade out of human's vision. The inheritance of excellent traditional sports culture is in urgent need of improvement. Based on this, standing at the intersection of two hundred years of history, this study takes the opportunity of the introduction of excellent traditional sports culture into the campus, fully explores the action education value of traditional old games, integrates the design and implementation of online sports intervention of traditional old games, deeply discusses the influence and effect of traditional old games on basic sports skills, and tries to expand the ideas and perspectives of the inheritance of excellent traditional sports culture. To effectively promote the healthy growth of children to provide empirical reference. Methods: In this study, literature, experiment, interview, mathematical statistics, and other research methods were used to design and improve the teaching design of traditional games, and the first-grade students at a primary school in Shenzhen were selected for experimental research. Among them, 24 students (11 boys and 13 girls) in the experimental class used traditional old games for experimental intervention, while the control class (11 boys and 13 girls) conducted routine teaching arrangements. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks, twice a week for 30 minutes each time. The Gross Motor Development Scale III (TGMD-3) was used before and after the experiment to evaluate children's basic motor skill development, in order to verify the effectiveness of traditional games in improving children's basic motor ability development. Results: After the experiment, the overall level of basic motor skills (t=3.091, p=0.000 &lt; 0.01), mobile skills (t=4.694, p=0.000 &lt; 0.05) and mobile skills of female students (t=6.502, p=0.000 &lt; 0.05) were significantly different between the experimental class and the control class. Conclusion: Through reasonable design and creation of the five principles of fun, feasible, antagonistic, educational, and changeable traditional games, can effectively improve the basic motor skills of 7-8 years old children; The intervention was suitable for the sensitive period of children's motor development, and the traditional online games had the most obvious effect on improving the mobile skills of 7-8 years old children. Influenced by social role awareness and growth sequence, there are significant gender differences in the influence of traditional old games on basic motor skills of children aged 7-8 years, and the development of motor skills of girls is significantly better than that of boys.

An Analysis of Early Childhood Education Curriculum Development in Singapore and Finland

The curriculum is an important factor in organizing the teaching and learning process to achieve goals. One way to improve educational standards is to implement an effective and innovative curriculum in early childhood education institutions. This research aims to analyze the early childhood education curriculum in Singapore and Finland. The author uses a type of library research. In this research, the author used the data collection instrument by reviewing documents from several books, articles, journals, laws of the Republic of Indonesia, and the Singapore and Finnish curriculum frameworks as literature that supports this research. Data analysis starts with data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results of the research show that the education curriculum in Singapore and Finland is included in the category of an advanced education system in terms of the welfare of society or its population (education and economy), the quality of educators or teachers, and the focus on children's future development. The novelty of the analysis results is that in terms of review, it relates to curriculum objectives, content/material, learning media (facilities and infrastructure), learning strategies, and evaluation.

Catecholamine Variations in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders and Their Neuropsychiatric Expression.

The interplay between the central nervous system and the intestinal environment hinges on neural, hormonal, immune, and metabolic reactions. Over decades, significant effort has gone into exploring the link between the digestive system and the brain. The primary objective of this study is to assess catecholamine levels in children with neuropsychiatric disorders. We aim to examine how these levels impact the mental and physical wellbeing of these children, with a specific focus on psychoemotional symptoms and cognitive performance. Our research seeks to identify the significance of modifying neurotransmitter levels in pediatric medical interventions, ultimately striving to reduce mental health risks and enhance children's future development. A total of 135 individuals were chosen to partake, and they engaged in regular monthly consultations according to established study protocols. Clinical evaluations were conducted in a medical environment, encompassing the observation of constipation, diarrhea, and additional gastrointestinal anomalies not confined to constipation or diarrhea. This entailed the assessment of neurotransmitter imbalances, with a specific focus on dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and the noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio. Gastrointestinal disorders are indicative of imbalances in catecholamines, with lower gastrointestinal problems being correlated with such imbalances. In subjects with psychiatric disorders, a more pronounced dopamine and noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio was observed, while elevated adrenaline levels were associated with psychoanxiety disorders.

Character Installation in Early Children in The Family

The Importance of Character Education in Early Childhood and the Role of Parents in its Implementation. Children are considered a test for parents and are a trust that must be safeguarded carefully. Parents who are preoccupied with their careers and pay insufficient attention to their children's education may face difficulties in addressing this test. Character education is viewed as the foundation for a child's future development. Unfortunately, many parents neglect character education, resulting in issues such as promiscuity and moral crises. Therefore, parental awareness is necessary to enhance their knowledge and experience in effectively educating their children. Character education should commence early through the wise and unbiased provision of love and affection with the goal of shaping a positive personality. Furthermore, instilling a sense of love in truth is essential. This process requires patience, perseverance, and consistency from parents and caregivers. By setting a good example, maintaining open communication, and employing appropriate methods, children can internalize positive character traits that will aid them in becoming responsible and virtuous individuals in the future. The seriousness of parents in selecting references and methods for character education is also crucial in this process

Factors Affecting the Growth of Low Birth Weight Babies

Birth weight is one of the determinants of a child's physical growth and future brain development. However, babies with low birth weight (LBW) are at risk of death and other health problems. The purpose of this literature review is to systematically summarize research that analyzes the factors that influence the growth of low birth weight babies. The method used was a literature review using the PRISMA Protocol, with inclusion criteria, namely full text and original research, the research subjects were babies born with low birth weight (&lt;2500g), articles in Indonesian and English, published in the last 5 years (2017-2022). The results showed that there are several factors that influence the growth of infants with a history of low birth weight such as gender (male), lower gestational age, postnatal health problems, nutritional intake, such as exclusive breastfeeding or enteral feeding, and maternal parenting practices such as Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal parenting practices (Kangaroo Mother Care) have an impact on increasing growth so it is good to apply especially for mothers who have low-birthweight babies to catch up with age-appropriate growth.

Barriers to adequate nutrition in pregnant adolescent Colombian females.

Pregnant adolescent females face nutritional challenges. The nutritional demands of a growing fetus, when added to the requirements for growing adolescent bodies, are risk factors for undernutrition. An adolescent expectant mother's nutritional status therefore affects both the mother's and the child's future growth, development, and potential development of diseases later in life. In Colombia, the rate of female adolescent pregnancies is higher than neighboring countries and the global average. The most recent data suggest that approximately 21 % of all pregnant adolescent females in Colombia are underweight, 27 % suffer from anemia, 20 % suffer from vitamin D deficiency, and 19 % suffer from vitamin B12 deficiency. Contributing factors to these nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy may be the region in which the female lives, the female's ethnicity, and the female's socioeconomic and educational status. In rural parts of Colombia, limitations regarding access to prenatal care and food choices that include animal source proteins may also contribute to nutritional deficiencies. To help remedy this, recommendations include encouraging nutrient dense food sources with higher protein content, eating one additional meal per day, and taking a prenatal vitamin throughout the pregnancy. Making healthy eating choices can be difficult for adolescent females with limited resources and education; therefore, it is recommended that discussions about nutrition begin at the first prenatal visit for optimum benefits. These factors should be considered for the development of future health policies and interventions in Colombia and other low-income and middle-income countries where pregnant adolescent females may be experiencing similar nutritional deficiencies.

INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM ANAK USIA DINI

Early childhood education institutions (PAUD) are places or institutions specifically designed to provide education and care for children aged 0 to 6 years. The function of PAUD educational institutions is to help create a strong foundation for children's future academic, social, emotional and life skills development.

TOXIC PARENTING AND ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN'S LANGUAGE ETHICS

This study focuses on examining parental practices in raising children. Parenting patterns encapsulate the methods employed by parents to nurture, guide, and lead their children within the family context. A recently emerged concept known as "toxic parenting" refers to a parenting style that is deemed detrimental due to the improper treatment administered by parents. Such a parenting pattern can impede a child's growth and development, leading to feelings of depression, stress, and anger, which may manifest in the use of inappropriate language and even traumatic experiences. The objective of this research is to explore the relationship between parenting styles and the ethical use of language by children. To achieve this goal, descriptive qualitative methods, including data analysis, interviews, and observations, were employed. The analysis revealed that toxic parenting is an inappropriate parenting style, as it has adverse effects on a child's future growth and development, particularly in terms of language ethics. Notably, toxic parenting fosters the use of impolite language among children in their social environment. Furthermore, this parenting pattern disrupts familial bonds. It is imperative for parents to provide adequate care for their children, as the use of inappropriate language by parents leads to their children resulting in negative consequences, such as the adoption of unsuitable language by children, both among their peers and others. Consequently, it is essential to avoid this type of parenting approach.

MOOD BOX: AS A FORM OF RECOGNIZING THE MENTAL EMOTIONS OF KEDUNG PADARINGAN 2 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AS THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS A HEALTHY AND COMFORTABLE SCHOOL

Basic education is an important aspect in a country's development. The comfort of children's learning in elementary schools (SD) has a crucial role in determining the quality of their education. Children's emotions can affect their learning comfort, and managing children's moods from an early age is very necessary. One effort to increase children's learning comfort at Kedung Elementary School, Kepanjen, Malang Regency is through the implementation of the Mood Box Work Program (Proker). This program aims to create positive learning conditions, stimulate learning motivation, and reduce the impact of stress due to changes in learning patterns. In this journal, we will describe the Mood Box Program and the results of its evaluation of children's learning comfort at Kedung Elementary School. We will explore the methods, approaches and changes produced by this program in an effort to improve the quality of learning at this school. A deeper understanding of the impact of this program can provide a better view of the importance of a positive and comfortable learning environment for children in these challenging times. Through analysis and reflection on the Mood Box Program, we hope to make a positive contribution in efforts to improve the quality of basic education at Kedung Elementary School, as well as provide insight for policy makers, educators and researchers in understanding the importance of creating a learning environment that is conducive to the development of children in future.

“It helps and it doesn’t help”: maternal perspectives on how the use of smartphones and tablet computers influences parent-infant attachment

As families increase their use of mobile touch screen devices (smartphones and tablet computers), there is potential for this use to influence parent-child interactions required to form a secure attachment during infancy, and thus future child developmental outcomes. Thirty families of infants (aged 9–15 months) were interviewed to explore how parents and infants use these devices, and how device use influenced parents’ thoughts, feelings and behaviours towards their infant and other family interactions. Two-thirds of infants were routinely involved in family video calls and one-third used devices for other purposes. Parent and/or child device use served to both enhance connection and increase distraction between parents and infants and between other family members. Mechanisms for these influences are discussed. The findings highlight a new opportunity for how hardware and software should be designed and used to maximise benefits and reduce detriments of device use to optimise parent-infant attachment and child development. Practitioner Summary: Many families with infants regularly use smartphones and tablet computers. This qualitative study found that how devices were used either enhanced or disrupted feelings of parent-infant attachment. Practitioners should be aware of the potential beneficial and detrimental impacts of device use among families given implications for attachment and future child development.

The relationship between preschool teacher trait mindfulness and teacher-child relationship quality: the chain mediating role of emotional intelligence and empathy.

The teacher-child relationship plays an important role in children's future development. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the influence of preschool teachers' external conditions on the teacher-student relationship, while the research on the influence of teachers' internal psychological characteristics on the teacher-student relationship is relatively lacking. In this study, three hundred and seventeen preschool teachers were tested were tested with Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Emotional Intelligence Scale, Chinese Interpersonal Response Index, and Teacher-student Relationship Scale. The results showed that trait mindfulness positively predicted the quality of parent-teacher relationship (β = 0.173, p = 0.026). Emotional intelligence played a mediating role in trait mindfulness and teacher-child relationship quality (β = 0.118, p = 0.004), and empathy played a mediating role in trait mindfulness and teacher-child relationship quality (β = 0.112, p = 0.001). Meanwhile, emotional intelligence and empathy played a chain mediating role in trait mindfulness and parent-teacher relationship quality (β = 0.044, p = 0.038). On the one hand, this study enriches attachment theory. The conclusions of this study verify the diversity of proximal factors in attachment theory, and confirm the influence of teachers' own characteristics and abilities on the teacher-child relationship quality. On the other hand, by exploring the factors affecting the teacher-child relationship quality, we can find ways to improve teacher-child relationship from a new perspective, and then provide some new methods and approaches for improving the quality of preschool teacher-child relationship.

Predictors of Parent-Infant Bonding Among Postpartum Chinese Mothers and Fathers.

The emotional bond that parents feel with their child is a crucial determinant of the child's psychosocial well-being and future development. Few studies have evaluated the predictive roles of depressive symptoms, relationship satisfaction, and family sense of coherence in the quality of parent-infant bonding for both parents during the perinatal period. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive effects of depressive symptoms, relationship satisfaction, and family sense of coherence during pregnancy; changes thereof from pregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum; and the partner's bond with the infant on the quality of parent-infant bonding at 6 weeks postpartum in Chinese mothers and fathers. This was a secondary analysis of data from an intervention study. A convenience sample of 231 Chinese childbearing couples was recruited from the antenatal clinics of public hospitals in Hong Kong. Parent-infant bonding, depressive symptoms, relationship satisfaction, and family sense of coherence were measured using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Family Sense of Coherence Scale during pregnancy and at 6 weeks postpartum. The findings indicated that higher depressive symptoms during pregnancy and poor partner bonding with the infant were the major predictors of impaired parent-infant bonding at 6 weeks postpartum for both parents. Prenatal relationship satisfaction was not a significant predictor of parent-infant bonding at 6 weeks postpartum for either parent. Prenatal family sense of coherence was a strong predictor of parent-infant bonding for mothers but not for fathers. The findings highlight the significant effects of depressive symptoms, family sense of coherence, and the partner's bond with the infant on parent-infant bonding during the perinatal period. Comprehensive early prenatal programs that promote parental well-being and strengthen family sense of coherence should be integrated into existing perinatal services to promote the quality of parent-infant bonding for both parents.

Lingkungan Pengasuhan dan Tingkat Perkembangan Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun

Skills and intelligence in adulthood are a series of developmental processes that children go through from an early age. In addition, the first five years of life are crucial for a child's further development. The future development of children is closely related to the environment in which children are raised. Therefore, a conducive environment is needed to form independent and quality children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the parenting environment and the level of child development. The research design used a cross-sectional study, carried out in Betoambari District, Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi involving 90 mothers and children who were selected by purposive sampling from complete families and had children aged 4-5 years. Data was collected through interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively and multiple regression. The results showed that the quality of the parenting environment had an average index value that was included in the medium category. Most of the children's developmental levels are also in the moderate category. The parenting environment has a positive and real influence on the level of child development. Keywords: child development, physical environment, social environment, parenting, motor development

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ ДЕТСКОЙ ГЕМАТОЛОГИИ/ОНКОЛОГИИ/ИММУНОЛОГИИ (30-летний ОПЫТ НМИЦ ДГОИ им. ДМИТРИЯ РОГАЧЕВА МЗ РФ)

The article provides the historical data on the formation of children's hematology/oncology service in Russia and about the development of the National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev (Moscow, Russia), its structure, medical, diagnostic, scientific capabilities, educational activities, achievements and prospects for future development of children’s hematology/oncology/immunology.