Development Of CCS Technology Research Articles

Recent progress in carbon dioxide capture technologies: A review

The continuous increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions is widely acknowledged as one of the main reasons for global climate change. To address this issue, significant advancements have been made in developing CO2 capture and utilization technologies that offer new solutions for mitigating carbon emissions and promoting a carbon economy. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress in CO2 capture and separation technologies, including pre-combustion, post-combustion, oxy-fuel combustion, chemical looping combustion and calcium looping combustion. Among these technologies, post-combustion is seen as one of the most promising options for reducing CO2 emissions from existing power plants, as it can be easily integrated into existing facilities without requiring major modifications. Therefore, the second section of this article focuses on the various post-combustion processes and technologies, such as physical absorption, amine scrubbing, dual-alkali absorption, chilled ammonia, membrane separation, and solid adsorption, with a particular emphasis on most recent research reports. As amine-based chemical absorption is the most leading post-combustion CO2 capture technique, the third section summarizes the recent development in amine-based absorption technology by covering conventional and emerging types of absorbents such as single amine, blended amine, biphasic amine, and non-aqueous amine processes. The different liquid absorption-based process is compared in terms of regeneration energy consumption, CO2 intake capacity, and optimal operating conditions, and the comparison data is summarized in tables. A critical literature review and comparison of various techniques show that non-aqueous amine absorbents can be promising alternatives to the conventional monoethanolamine (MEA) process. The goal of this review is to provide strategies and perspectives for accelerating the further study and development of CCS technologies.

Evaluation of investment strategies for rooftop distributed PV and CCS technologies in China under multiple scenarios

CCS technology is significant to achieve carbon emission reduction in the current coal-based energy mix in China, just as PV received more policy subsidies from the Chinese government to promote its industry development in the early stage, and all parties in the society, including the government and enterprises, have paid attention to and supported the development of CCS technology to promote the implementation of carbon emission reduction. This paper evaluates the regional investment benefits and investment timing of CCS retrofitting and RTDPV in different scenarios for each province in China based on the real option approach. The results show that the initial cost subsidy and participation in the carbon market are not as effective as the feed-in tariff subsidy, and the investment return of CCS retrofit is better than RTDPV in the scenario with feed-in tariff subsidy, and most provinces can achieve immediate investment. RTDPV without subsidies cannot achieve full parity nationwide yet, and some provinces are not suitable for investment without participating in the carbon market. The net present value approach would underestimate the investment value of CCS and RTDPV and prematurely reject investment in many scenarios, while provinces under the real option approach tend to delay investment to obtain optimal investment returns. This paper provides a reference for investors to make investment decisions in low-carbon technologies and for governments to develop CCS incentives.

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Support Technology and Contribution of India for the Planet Earth

The study is in the background of the present status of CO2 in atmosphere. Further the scope of the study is to know the development, feasibility of CCS technology and its implementation in India. The key objective of the research is “To study the importance and development of CCS technology in reducing the GHG emissions to restrain global warming”. In pursuing the above research objective, the study focused on the components of CCS technology with reference to power sector in detail so as to understand the feasibility of the concerned technologies; their applicability to the Indian scenario. The scope of CCS Technology aims to: • Enhancing efficiency of power plants by emerging technologies to reduce emission of CO2 per megawatt to reduce process load on capture technology; • Capturing and Separating CO2 from the gas streams emitted from combustion; • Transporting the captured CO2 to underground storage; In India upto 2050 there is no budgetary provision for CCS technology in spite of having major coal pro-duction and utilization of it for power generation

Challenges of carbon capture technologies deployment in developing countries

The challenges of global warming and finding the solutions to come up with them are crucial debates among the politicians and researchers, particularly after the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris. While vast researches about the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission have been conducted and put into practice, there is no research conducted in this era for oil-export developing countries such as Iran. Also, most research focuses on using natural gas as fuel, improving industrial and power plants’ efficiency, and eliminating toxic gases. The current research describes the developmental policies obtained by developed countries, and how developing countries can pave the way using their experiences. Firstly, a series of previous studies in the field of CCS are scrutinized. Next, the process change, the technology role, and the obstacles against the growth of CCS are considered global climatic changes. Finally, the current policies and actions regarding the establishment and development of CCS technology are mentioned. By analyzing the existing policies about technology, this paper will pinpoint the advantages of using this technology and offer a proper guideline for making policies regarding utilizing this technology in developing countries.

Planning electric power system under carbon-price mechanism considering multiple uncertainties – A case study of Tianjin

The carbon-price mechanism has been proved to be an effective measure for promoting energy revolution and mitigating climate change. It is of vital importance to develop optimal energy development strategy for electric power-dependent regions by considering the complex interaction among carbon price, carbon emission control, and carbon-responsibility transfer. In order to fill the research gap on the optimal choice of carbon-price mechanism at the urban level, this study is the first attempt to express uncertainties embodied in the carbon price mechanism as interval values, probability distribution and downside risks. The developed risk-aversion-based interval two-stage stochastic programming (RITSP) model is effective in analyzing the effect of internal and electric-transmission related carbon-tax on power system structure. It is discovered that carbon compensation policy for imported electricity is more suitable for Tianjin's power system development. Tianjin would primarily purchase electricity from Inner-Mongolia. With the increase of carbon emission tax, Tianjin would import increasing proportion of electricity from Gansu. Due to the limited endowment of renewable energy in Tianjin, the impact of carbon emission limitations on the renewable energy power generation structure of is trivial, and it has a greater impact on stimulating the development of CCS technology. What's more, Tianjin's future power system planning is more inclined to develop CCS rather than renewable energy.

Basic Principle of Public Understanding Guideline Concerning CCS

CCS는 온실가스를 대규모로 감축할 수 있는 유용한 기술로서 미국이나 캐나다 등 세계 주요 선진 국가들은 CCS의 상용화를 위한 전략을 수립하고 실행하고 있는 상황이며, CCS를 위한 관련 법령을 제 개정하여 제도적 기반을 이미 마련해 놓은 상태이다. 이를 고려할때 우리나라의 경우 우리의 실정에 맞는 CCS 법제도적 기반의 마련이 필요하고, CCS에 대한 일반국민의 이해도가 상당히 낮다는 점을 고려할 때 원활한 CCS 기술개발과 그 실행을 위해서는 관련 법적 기반마련과 함께, 다음과 같은 파급효과를 위해서 대국민 홍보 활동 등 대중소통이 적극적으로 진행되어야 할 것이다. 기후변화 및 환경적 측면에서 CCS 사업의 원활한 추진을 위해서는 일반국민의 인식 제고가 필요하고 CCS에 대한 적극적인 대국민 소통활동을 통해 환경과 기후변화 대응 방법에 대한 대국민 이해를 증진시킬 수 있다. 경제사회적 측면에서 차질 없는 원활한 CCS 프로젝트 추진을 통한 CCS 프로젝트 기간의 최적화로 프로젝트의 경제성을 증대시킬 수 있다. 과학기술적 측면에서 기후변화 대응을 위한 과학기술에 대한 국민의 올바른 이해는 CCS 기술개발을 촉진할 수 있는 여론기반이 될 수 있다. 이러한 점을 염두에 두고 본 논문에서는 제2장에서 대중소통 가이드라인의 개요와 제정원칙, 제3장에서 대중소통을 위한 기본원칙, 제4장에서 대중소통을 위한 주요 고려 사항 및 CCS에 대한 대국민 인식도 조사를 살펴본 후 결론을 도출하였다.Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage(CCS) is a large-scale reducing technique of Greenhouse Gas and major advanced countries such as USA and Canada etc. have made a strategy for commercialization of CCS and practiced it, into the bargain, prepared for legal framework for CCS by making new law or revising existing law on ccs. Considering the fact that Korea needs to prepare a proper legal basis for our situation and that the public understanding of CCS is very low, along with the relevant legal basis for the development of CCS technology and its implementation, In order to promote the CCS project smoothly in terms of climate change and environment, it is necessary to raise awareness among the general public and promote understanding of the environment and how to respond to climate change through active public communication activities. Optimizing the duration of the CCS project through the smooth implementation of the CCS project in terms of economic and social aspects can increase the economics of the project. From a scientific standpoint, a good public understanding of science and technology for responding to climate change could be the basis for public opinion to promote CCS technology development. With this in mind, we also looked at the outline of public understanding toward CCS and the principles of making public understanding in Chapter 2, the basic principles for public understanding in Chapter 3, the major considerations for public understanding and survey on public perception toward CCS in Chapter 4, and drew a conclusion in Chapter 5.

Status of the Carbon Capture and Storage Technology Around the Globe

The study is in the background of the present status of CO2 in atmosphere. Further the scope of the study is to have an idea about development of CCS technology in India few more countries. The key objective of the Research Project is “To study the development of CCS technology in reducing the GHG emissions to restrain global warming” In pursuing the above research objective, the study focused on the components of CCS technology with reference to power sector in detail so as to understand the feasibility of the concerned technologies; their applicability to the India and other few countries; The scope of CCS Technology aims to: • Enhancing efficiency of power plants by emerging technologies to reduce emission of CO2 per megawatt to reduce process load on capture technology; • Capturing and Separating CO2 from the gas streams emitted from combustion; • Transporting the captured CO2 to underground storage.

Drivers of regional decarbonization through 2100: A multi-model decomposition analysis

This study explores short and long-term drivers of alternative decarbonization pathways in four major economies (China, India, Europe and USA), using a multi-model decomposition analysis. The paper focuses on determining the energy system transformations that drive the changes in carbon emissions and identifying the model characteristics that lead to differences in the decarbonization strategies. First, we compare the decomposition over time of near-past carbon emissions and near-future model projections as a methodology to validate baseline scenarios. We show that a no-policy baseline scenario is in line with historical trends for all regions except China, where all models project higher improvements in energy and carbon intensity than the near-past historical development. Second, we compare regional decarbonization drivers across models in a scenario with moderate policy targets that represent the current fragmented international climate policy landscape. The results from the different models show that energy efficiency improvements represent the main strategy in achieving the moderate climate targets. Finally, we develop an LMDI decomposition analysis to determine the additional energy system changes needed to achieve a global GHG concentration target of 450ppm compared to the moderate policy case. In all models, reducing regional carbon intensity of energy is the major decarbonization strategy after 2030. In the long-term (after 2050), most of the models find that negative carbon emissions are critical in such scenario, emphasizing the key role of biomass with CCS. However, the level of contribution of the decarbonization factor varies significantly across models, due to the large uncertainty in the availability of renewables and the development of CCS technologies. Overall, we find that the main differences in the decomposition results across models are due to assumptions concerning availability of natural resources and variety of backstop technologies.

SO2및 NO2포함 고압 CO2스트림이 인산염 코팅 CO2수송관 부식에 미치는 영향

지구온난화 및 기후변화 대응기술로써 세계 각국은 CCS(이산화탄소 포집 및 저장)에 주목하고 있으며 관련 기술개발을 위해 노력하고 있다. CCS는 크게 포집, 수송, 저장 공정으로 이루어져 있으며, 이중 포집공정에서는 이산화탄소 외에 다양한 불순물이 불가피하게 유입될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX> 가스와 수분이 포함된 <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> 스트림이 <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> 수송관 부식에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실험을 수행하였다. 시편은 인산염 코팅된 철관이며 내부에 <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX>, <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX>, <TEX>$H_2O$</TEX> 불순물이 혼합된 <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> 스트림을 채우고 이를 100바, <TEX>$29^{\circ}C$</TEX>의 환경 하에서 부식특성 변화를 관찰하였다. 시편의 부식특성 변화를 관찰하기 위해 SEM촬영 및 EDS 측정 등을 진행하였다. 실험결과 <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX>나 <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX>가 주입된 모든 시편에서 한계용해도를 초과하지 않는 수분농도 조건 하에서도 부식이 발생하였으므로 불순물 농도를 엄격히 관리할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX>와 같은 불순물이 존재하지 않는 상황에서는 한계용해도를 고려한 수분제어만으로 부식관리가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구결과에 근거하여 고압 <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> 스트림 내 <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX>의 농도는 각각 175ppm 및 65ppm 미만으로 유지할 것을 제안하는 바이다. To mitigate global warming and climate change, many countries are investing massively on the development of CCS technology, which is assumed to be the key technology to reduce <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> emissions. CCS technology is comprised of the capture, transport, and storage processes. During the capture process, impurities other than <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> are inevitably flowed into the <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> stream. In the present study, corrosion characteristics of a phosphate coated tube for <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> transportation was investigated with a <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> stream composed of <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX>, <TEX>$H_2O$</TEX>, <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX>, and <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX>. The test specimen was a phosphate coated steel tube, which was filled with <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> stream with the impurities mentioned above. SEM-EDS analysis is conducted to investigate the corrosion behavior. The results showed that although the H2O concentration did not exceed the solubility limit, corrosion occurred in the specimen, which has an inflow of <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX> or <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX>. This suggests that the <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX>, <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX> and <TEX>$H_2O$</TEX> concentration should be strictly controlled. These results suggest that the <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX> and <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX> concentration should be controlled below 175ppm and 65ppm, respectively.

Capacity Building in the UK CCS Research Centre

Abstract A number of commercial-scale projects are currently progressing towards final investment decisions and several studies continue to report that substantial, global deployment of CCS can be expected by the 2050. As CCS technology moves towards widespread commercial-scale deployment, developing ‘fit for purpose’ research capacity that is able to effectively support the development of CCS technology and policy is a significant challenge. A number of exciting opportunities are available to help meet this challenge though. For example, national centres such as the UK CCS Research Centre (UKCCSRC) aim to effectively accelerate capacity building and also ensure that there are excellent opportunities for CCS researchers and practitioners to share their learnings and identify next steps for CCS development. The UKCCSRC was established in spring 2012 with initial core funding provided by £10 M from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) as part of the Research Councils UK Energy Programme and £2.5 M in match funding from Centre partners. This is complemented by £3.3 M in additional funding from the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) to establish new capital facilities that will support innovative research. The Centre is ‘virtual’ providing strong links between around 250 academic researchers based at over 40 UK universities and research institutes and also linking them with over 100 industry and other stakeholder Associate members. In addition there are over 200 Early Career Researchers (ECRs). The UKCCSRC also operates the CCS Community Network, which is a collective of over 500 engineering, technological, natural, environmental, social and economic members with CCS interests. The Network facilitates knowledge exchange on all aspects of CCS R&D and aims to be accessible to anyone interested in contributing to research and innovation in CCS. The UKCCSRC has developed approaches that will allow it to meet the key strategic challenge of understanding ‘real world’ CCS deployment issues, so that the future impact of ongoing research and human and infrastructure capacity development in CCS can be maximised, as much as possible in advance of full-chain CCS deployment and certainly following on rapidly afterwards.

Feasibility of Solid Fuel CLC Plant Investment in the Future Energy Systems Including High Share of Solar and Wind

It is predicted that share of solar and wind energy will be increased in the future energy systems. The competitiveness of these technologies is further improved if strict climate policy and for example consequent high costs for CO2 emissions or emission performance standards will be applied, leading to increased electricity prices. This will bring demand for more flexible large scale energy production and/or energy storages due to the intermittency of solar and wind energy production at different timeframes, for example between day and night and different seasons. In addition, it is notable that future integration of electricity markets and grids will expand the area impacted by intermittent renewables. Possible and predicted high economic value for CO2 emissions and emission standards are also a rationale for the development of CCS technologies. After the investment, variable operational expenditures of solar and wind power are low in comparison with other low carbon technologies and therefore these plants are utilised before others. This will impact also on the utilisation rates of plants equipped with CCS. In this paper techno-economic analyses of industrial scale Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) power plant are presented in different market situations. Feasibility of CLC investment and the utilization of such plant is investigated and compared to oxyfuel and air combustion references in energy system which contain high share of solar and wind power. The CC-Skynet™ toolkit, created by VTT during Finnish CCS projects, enables comparison of economic feasibility of different CCS technologies in different market scenarios, including varying prices for electricity, CO2 emission allowances, fuels, plant utilisation rates, etc. In addition, in the case of CLC, sensitivity analysis are possible also for example for prices of different oxygen carriers, investments etc. The toolkit is highly versatile but it does not include modelling of any physical phenomena which are required as inputs. The economics of CCS are evaluated from investor's (local energy company) point of view including the effects on the existing energy system. Effect of CCS on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and operation economics of the CCS cases are compared to the reference energy system with varying parameters of operation. Electricity production efficiency of CLC power plant is higher than in power plants based on solid fuel and other CO2 capture technologies, because CLC does not require large air separation unit or solvent regeneration. Higher net efficiency in electricity production by CLC results lower specific production costs in comparison to other CCS technologies. This probably leads to higher utilisation rate for CLC which is important for example in terms of payback time for the investment or required break- even price for CO2 emissions. Results show that CLC may be more competitive in comparison to other CCS technologies due to higher electrical efficiency. Economic feasibility is dependent on several factors which are uncertain in the case of future energy system. However, it is probable that high CO2 prices lead to increased electric price such that electrical efficiency has large dominant effect on feasibility. Investment costs do not dominate in comparison between CCS technologies. Feasibility of CCS is different between geographical locations due sensitivity of transport and storage.

Legal Regulation of CCS Technique

CCS technology has been concerned generally. Many legal issues are involved in its developing process. Only carrying out the necessary legal regulation can we accelerate the development of CCS technology and its worldwide recognition and popularity. This paper summarized the process of the development of CCS technology, analyzed the main legal issues relating to the technology, discussed the legal regulation of CCS technology and proposed that legal regulation of CCS technology and implementation must be strengthened in China.

Experts’ attitudes towards CCS technologies in Spain

This paper presents the results from a survey on experts’ attitudes towards the development of CCS technologies in Spain. This is the first study carried out in Spain intending to report an empirical analysis of stakeholder perceptions on the risks, challenges and barriers facing CCS deployment. Results show a positive attitude towards CCS implementation in Spain. Experts are concerned about the suitability of storage sites, safety and capture costs. They tend to support CCS as a bridging solution to climate change, and have a general low level of perceived risk from CCS. Experts’ risk perception is influenced, to some extent, by general values and beliefs as well as by sociodemographics and, to a lesser extent, by group membership.

The European CCS Demonstration Project Network — A forum for first movers

Abstract The European CCS Demonstration Project Network was initiated by the European Commission in 2009. The main objective of the network is to accelerate development of CCS technologies by creating a forum for exchange and dissemination of new knowledge generated by the first large scale CCS plants in Europe. This paper provides an overview and understanding of the activities of the network and the political and theoretical context of their development. The paper focuses on how the Network has been structured to add value to demonstration projects and create vital new channels of information for enabling CCS demonstration and deployment to be advanced worldwide.

Development of CCS technology for coal-fired power plant in Taiwan

Abstract Safe candidate sites of reservoir for geologic storage including some oil or gas bearing structures on-shore or off-shore of the Taiwan island, and some near off-shore sedimentary basins were studied and screened. After screening out several potential engineering sites, an AHP ranking method was applied for ranking and selecting the preferred candidate on account of the economy factors, safety requirements, storage effectiveness, and potential storage capacity volume etc. As a result, preferred engineering site for pilot and demonstration plans were recommended. A deep saline aquifer under a Miocene basin near the western coast of Central Taiwan with estimated storage capacity up to 4 Gt- CO 2 is now regarded as a very high potential storage reservoir with advantages of its high capacity volume, geological stability and the short distance away from the largest emission plants. More detailed investigation will be implemented during the year of 2010 to 2013 including works of site conformation, characterization prior to performing a pilot test with injection depth down to 2500 ∼3000 m. In this paper, the process and methodology of the screening potential reservoir and ranking of preferred engineering site are depicted and furthermore the tentative road map concerning Tai-Power’s CCS technology development for coal- fired power plant is introduced.