Development Of Botany Research Articles

СОЦВЕТИЕ НАУК ДЛЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО ГЕРБАРИЯ

(Rev.: The Herbarium of Robert Erskine, Archiater and Physician-in-Chief to Peter the Great / edited by A.K. Sytin and D.D. Slastunov. SPb, Lubavich, 2022, 375 p.) Summary: The book under review is the first critical edition of the Herbarium belonged to Robert Areskin, a fellow-fighter of Peter the Great, his Physician-in-Chief and President of the Apothecary’s Garden in Moscow. The Herbarium was created in 1709 and composed of plant species from the vicinity of Moscow. This is Russia’s first botanical collection of western type. The present critical edition is a part of the huge research project “From the Kunstkamera to Herbal Science. The Development of Botany in Russia in the First Half of the 18th Century” conducted by Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research. It demonstrates how productive the joint effort of botanists, historians, historians of science, librarians, archivists and museum custodians can be. The contribution of web designers, database developers and specialists in digital image processing neither can be underestimated. The review emphasizes the success of this interdisciplinary team and congratulates the editors on the way they revealed Herbarium’s scientific, historical and cultural value.

Botany as a New Field of Knowledge in the Thirteenth Century: On the Genesis of the Specialized Sciences

The reception of the translations of Aristotelian and pseudo-Aristotelian works at the University of Paris in the thirteenth century promoted a new understanding of the sciences as specialized fields of knowledge. The huge amount of translations required a new organization of knowledge, which included novel subjects and categories. Among these there is a very special case, namely the pseudo-Aristotelian De plantis, translated from Arabic into Latin and then back into Greek to be re-translated into Latin again. De plantis was included in the new curriculum in Ripoll 109 (1230–1240 BCE), and constituted the main source for botanical studies until the sixteenth century. Throughout this paper we will explore the reception and impact of De plantis in both the Arabic and the Latin traditions. We aim to show its foundational role in the development of botany as a theoretical discipline within the natural sciences.

A survey on the history of the introduction of bamboo from China to the United States (1898-2010) and the application of bamboo in urban greening

With the development of botany and urban greening, Europe and the United States have conducted extensive collections of urban greening plants worldwide especially in China. Because of its unique ornamental value, economic significance and ecological benefits, bamboo has become the main collecting target in China and has been widely introduced to the United States. Studying the history of introduction of bamboo is vital for understanding bamboo’s redistribution and application in urban green space. Through a large number of literature reviews and extensive field investigations, we verified the scientific names of bamboos introduced from China to the United States, re-investigated the introduction places and dates, and counted the number of existing bamboos in the United States in an attempt to clarify the history of bamboo introduction from China to the United States and its application in urban greening. From 1898 to 2010, the bamboo introduced from China to the United States belongs to 29 genera (accounting for 85.3 % of the genera in China), 185 species (34.8 % of the species in China), 13 varieties, 20 forms, and 25 cultivated varieties. The bamboo was collected from 21 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and special administrative regions, almost covering the natural distribution area of bamboos in China. According to Inventory of Seeds and Plants Imported and Plantae Wilsonianae, 11 people have collected bamboo directly in China with McClure, Meyer and Wilson playing key roles. The time period of this research about bamboo introduction history spanned approximately 110 years with the main period centered from the 1900s to the 1940s, which affected by the historical background of the world especially China. Our research helps to get a better understanding of the bamboo, promotes its application as an ornamental in urban greening, and further boosts the integration of plant landscape diversity with plant culture.

“Una ciencia tan útil como agradable”. Los discursos del catedrático Pío Bustamante y Rocha: ilustración y romanticismo en la enseñanza botánica, 1845-1860

El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender el desarrollo de la cátedra de Botánica expresado en el eclecticismo de los discursos ilustrados y románticos. Se basa en los estudios sociales de la ciencia que permiten relacionar la historia de la educación con el desarrollo de la ciencia mexicana. La cátedra de Botánica funcionó durante la crisis sociopolítica que permeaba en el país y fue un espacio científico mexicano activo en el siglo XIX. En este sentido, la investigación requiere de contrastar la fuente hemerográfica con la archivística y bibliográfica para comprender a cabalidad la dinámica científica. La originalidad del trabajo consiste en que hasta el momento se carecía de estudios históricos relativos al desarrollo del Jardín Botánico del país entre 1845 y 1860 basados en la prensa. Entre los hallazgos destaca que el interés por el desarrollo de la botánica en México se debió a su utilidad en la generación de recursos económicos a la sociedad y al Estado nación.

Raddi’s visit to Brazil in a historical context

In order to appreciate better the relevance of Giuseppe Raddi’s contribution to the knowledge of Brazil’s flora and fauna, as well as to the development of Botany, considerations on the social and ...

Academician V. L. Komarov and his impact on development of botany in the Russian Far East

Academician V. L. Komarov and his impact on development of botany in the Russian Far East

Isaac Sprague, "Delineator and naturalist."

In naming the genus Spraguea, John Torrey, America's major botanist of the first half of the nineteenth century, wrote in 1853: "I have dedicated this genus to Mr. Isaac Sprague, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, so well known as a draughtsman and especially for the admirable illustrations of the Genera of Plants of the United States...." l Sprague (Fig. 1), the major botanical illustrator in this country at that time, had few competitors. He considered himself a "naturalist" and "delineator,"2 rather than a botanical artist. By providing accurate and artistically pleasing drawings for some of their books and papers, mostly between 1845 and 1865, he helped both John Torrey and Asa Gray to become accepted as worldclass botanists, on a par with those botanists of Britain and the Continent who were then publishing finely illustrated works. Thus, Sprague's work was most important to American botany at a critical point in its development. In the early nineteenth century in the United States, there was little original illustration of scientific works. To understand the rise of the new American tradition of original scientific illustration, it is particularly important to consider its leading early exemplar, Isaac Sprague, and to relate his story to that of the development of botany as a profession, as exemplified in the life of Sprague's major employer, Asa Gray. In our own time, Sprague has been largely forgotten. In Wilfrid

History of Botanical Science: An Account of the Development of Botany from Ancient Times to the Present Day. A. G. MortonThe Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest

<i>History of Botanical Science: An Account of the Development of Botany from Ancient Times to the Present Day</i>. A. G. Morton<i>The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise</i>. John Prest

The development of botany in the Soviet Union

The development of botany in the Soviet Union

THE FIRST PUBLIC AUCTION OF AN AMERICAN HERBARIUM INCLUDING AN ACCOUNT OF THE FATE OF THE BALDWIN, COLLINS, AND RAFINESQUE HERBARIA )

SummaryOne of the major facets in the development of botany in America during the latter part of the eighteenth and the early portion of the nineteenth century was the preparation of private pressed plant collections or herbaria. When these herbaria were no longer needed by their owners, they were either given or bequeathed to a public institution, sold privately, or auctioned publicly. The first known public auction of a private herbarium in America occurred in Philadelphia on the 3rd of June 1833. Owned by the late Zaccheus Collins, well‐known Quaker philanthropist and botanist, this herbarium included (1) plants Collins collected in New Jersey and Pennsylvania and plants from various parts of the United States obtained by exchange with his friends, (2) an extensive collection of exotic plants, and (3) the entire herbarium of the late William Baldwin. At the auction the first two parts were acquired by the executor of the estate, and the latter was purchased by Daniel Steinhauer for the Rev. Lewis David von Schweinitz. In amalgamating the Baldwin plants with his own, Schweinitz replaced the original data with a cryptic notation for each specimen, thereby creating problems for future botanists. Schweinitz's herbarium was bequeathed to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. That portion of Collins' herbarium belonging to the executor was later acquired by C. S. Rafinesque as a partial settlement of a claim Rafinesque had against the Collins estate. After Rafinesque's death, Elias Durand purchased the Rafinesque herbarium. Durand selected out Collins' plants and discarded most of Rafinesque's own plants. Collins' plants evidently formed a large part of Durand's herbarium which he gave to the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, where it remains today as a separate collection. A summary of the numbers of taxa described from specimens in Baldwin's and Collin's herbaria as determined from major selected publications are eight described by Baldwin himself, 109 described from Baldwin's specimens by other botanists, and 103 described from specimens in Collins' herbarium by Rafinesque.

THE NEW BOTANICAL EXHIBITION GALLERY AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

Now that our new exhibition gallery is open, we wish to take this opportunity of drawing the attention of our colleagues in other institutions to this work and commending to them the problem of making botany more widely known and understood. A number of our more senior colleagues will remember passing through the old public gallery on their visits to this museum before the war. As is well known, an oil bomb fell on the east wing of the museum during an air raid on the night of September 9-10th, 1940. Unfortunately at that time the scientific collections had not been evacuated and the fire that resulted from the bomb did a great deal of damage. Many valuable specimens were destroyed and a very large number of sheets were scorched and saturated by the water used to put the fire out. The old exhibition gallery was extensively damaged and most of its contents spoilt beyond repair. After the war the General Herbarium (Flowering Plants excluding those of Europe) was rehoused on the top floor of the west wing of the museum. The damaged east wing has been completely rebuilt behind the original facade, which was retained to preserve the architectural unity of the building. There are now two floors where previously there was only one. The Cryptogamic collections and main working space occupy the original floor level; the new upper floor has the gallery in the nearest half while in the further half there is the Cryptogamic sub-library, a laboratory and offices for senior members of the staff working on these plant groups. In the five years that we have been engaged in the preparation of our gallery, we have learned a great deal and we are anxious to make our ideas and methods freely available to other institutions, with the hope that they will continue to develop the suggestions that we are able to offer. When we started the scientific planning and development for this project there was a widespread feeling that this was just another burden to be carried, and a tiresome complication making inroads into the time available for taxonomic study and research. As time passed however, we became aware of the considerable interest in and great opportunities for the development of this kind of work. It is certainly not my purpose to deny the paramount importance of research work in the development of botany. On the contrary, I would say that the scientist who is an active research worker is the ideal man to plan an exhibit dealing with his particular group. One must however make the proviso that the scientist must be prepared to try to see his plants with the eye and mind of the ordinary layman. It is inevitably difficult for the expert to explain his group simply and concisely but without misleading over-simplification. He knows all the problems and complexities, and is used to describing his plants with a whole array of specialized technical terms. He has a difficult task but he is undoubtedly the right person to guide the display specialists. If he is really prepared to come to grips with the problem he will find that it is both a rewarding and a fascinating piece of work. It must be remembered that most botanical institutions are financed from public funds of some kind. Those of us who enjoy these facilities have a responsibility to keep the public well informed about out work and in the last analysis a well-informed public is more likely to support our activities than one that feels that botanists have little time to make their subject intelligible to the layman. It would appear that many museums in the United States of America have a better understanding of public relations than most institutions in Europe.

BOTANY AND MEDICINE

American Journal of BotanyVolume 43, Issue 10 p. 862-869 Article BOTANY AND MEDICINE H. W. Youngken Jr., H. W. Youngken Jr.New address: Dean and Professor of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.Search for more papers by this author H. W. Youngken Jr., H. W. Youngken Jr.New address: Dean and Professor of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 1956 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1956.tb11179.xCitations: 1 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume43, Issue10December 1956Pages 862-869 RelatedInformation

The Role of Study of Algae in the Development of Botany

The Role of Study of Algae in the Development of Botany

John Farmer, F.R.S

BY the death of Sir John Farmer on January 26 biology has lost an outstanding figure, one who did much for the development of botany and for the extension of its applications.

Prof. M. Leclerc du Sablon

CONGRATULATIONS are to bo extended to Prof. Mathieu Leclerc du Sablon, who attains his eightieth birthday on March 25. Prof. Leclerc du Sablon is probably tho last living member of the famous group of French botanists who at tho end of the nineteenth century made very important contributions to the study of plant anatomy. From 1883 until 1890 ho was working in Paris at the Ecole Normale Superieure, and later at the Natural History Museum under Van Tieghem, his father-in-law and teacher. During this period he produced a series of important papers on various subjects in some of which are facts now taught to every student of elementary botany. His studies on the dehiscenco mechanisms of anthers in the flowering plants and of the sporangia in the Archegoniatse are especially noteworthy; he was the first to discover the mechanism of the annulus in the fern sporangium. Other important contributions were papers on the structure and physiology of tendrils, on the haustoria of parasitic flowering plants, on tho development and comparative structure of the sporophytos of Liverworts, and on the development of the vascular system in young fern plants. In 1890 ho was appointed professor of botany in the University of Toulouse, a post which he held for thirty years. His extensive knowledge of plants found expression in the “Cours de Botanique”, a large text-book written in collaboration with Gaston Bonnier, his brother-in-law and former colleague. The first part of this work appeared in 1901; but it was not completed until 1933 when, after the death of Bonnior, tho last part dealing with plant physiology was published. His activities have covered an exceptionally wide field, and his influence on the development of botany, especially in France, has been very considerable.

The Sachs Text-book and Its Influence on the Development of Botany in America

The Sachs Text-book and Its Influence on the Development of Botany in America

The development of botany as shown in this journal

The development of botany as shown in this journal

The Origin of the Sporophyte

Previous articleNext article FreeThe Origin of the SporophyteBradley Moore DavisBradley Moore Davis Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The American Naturalist Volume 37, Number 438Jun., 1903 Published for The American Society of Naturalists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/278307 Views: 320Total views on this site Citations: 3Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Gilbert M. Smith THE ROLE OF STUDY OF ALGAE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BOTANY, American Journal of Botany 43, no.77 (Jul 1956): 537–543.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1956.tb10530.x Shigéo Yamanouchi Apogamy in Nephrodium, Botanical Gazette 45, no.55 (Sep 2015): 289–318.https://doi.org/10.1086/329553 Shigeo Yamanouchi The Life History of Polysiphonia violacea, Botanical Gazette 42, no.66 (Oct 2015): 401–449.https://doi.org/10.1086/329054

The Development of Botany in Germany During the Nineteenth Century [Concluded

The Development of Botany in Germany During the Nineteenth Century [Concluded

The Development of Botany in Germany During the Nineteenth Century

The Development of Botany in Germany During the Nineteenth Century