Development Of Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms Research Articles

MALADAPTIVE PARENTING AND PEER GROUP BULLYING AS PATHOLOGICAL PATHWAYS TO BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER SYMPTOMS IN EARLY ADULT: CASE REPORT

Introduction – Maladaptive experiences during adolescene have been consistently linked with borderline personality disorder. BPD is a serious mental illness characterized by pervasive pattern of instability in affect regulation, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and self-image. Tthere was an interrelated relationship between parenting experiences and the development of BPD symptoms. Children who reported chronic bullying had a fivefold increase in the likelihood of developing BPD symptoms. Methods – Presented the case of patient, 20 years old young male with symptoms of borderline personality disorder turned out to have maladaptive parenting and history of became victim by peer group bullying since childhood. Data were taken from interviews and mental status examinations in psychiatric clinics, then a literature review was carried out. Results – The development of borderline personality disorder in adult linked with report of low care parenting, involves coldness, indifference, and rejection. BPD is also inevitable from hereditary risk factors. Discuss – There is a direct significant association between being victim of bullying and development of BPD. Empathy is one important aspect of social behavior that may not function in BPD. Atypical depressed patients with affective dysregulation first diagnosed with borderline personality disorder if do not meet the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder. Conclusion – Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is very prone to occur in young adults. Starting from affect dysregulation, inability to impulse control, unstable interpersonal relationships, and unstable self-image that begin to develop in children and adolescents when exposed to environmental risk factors. Risk factors that are very often influencing are family and peer group relationships. BPD is also an entry point for developing into bipolar disorder. Therefore, effective interventions should be targeted, early preventing the development of affect dysregulation in the development of the borderline personality disorder by reducing exposure to environmental risk factors. Keywords: borderline personality disorder, maladaptive parenting, bullying.

The Impact of Childhood Maltreatment on Risk of Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a personality disorder characterized by emotional over-sensitivity. People with BPD show symptoms of erratic behavior, having a fear of abandonment, and experiencing unstable social relationships. The factors and elements that influence the development of BPD are uncertain and varied, but there is a correlation between the development of BPD and the person's experience of abuse and other adverse factors. The aim of this review is to understand the factors and elements in BPD development. According to previous studies, emotional and sexual abuse experienced in childhood is a very important cause of the development of BPD. Low levels of caregiver warmth and neglect are associated with the development of BPD symptoms but are not determinative. At the same time, personality traits play an essential role in the resilience of BPD. In addition, BPD often coexists with other psychological disorders. Neuroticism as a personality trait is significantly associated with BPD. Brain differences between BPD and typical controls may lead to differences in their emotions and their ability to regulate emotions, which is related to their ability to control their emotional impulses. This paper illustrates the impact of adverse childhood experiences and negative parenting styles on the risk of BPD. One limitations of previous studies is that most of the studies were conducted on women, and gender differences may lead to a certain degree of bias in the exploration of influencing factors. Future studies should invetigate this topic in larger and diverse samples. This study can contribute to the design of relevant prevention and parent education programs in school.

Reciprocal effects of parenting and borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescent girls.

Theories of borderline personality disorder (BPD) postulate that high-risk transactions between caregiver and child are important for the development and maintenance of the disorder. Little empirical evidence exists regarding the reciprocal effects of parenting on the development of BPD symptoms in adolescence. The impact of child and caregiver characteristics on this reciprocal relationship is also unknown. Thus, the current study examines bidirectional effects of parenting, specifically harsh punishment practices and caregiver low warmth, and BPD symptoms in girls aged 14-17 years based on annual, longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Girls Study (N = 2,451) in the context of child and caregiver characteristics. We examined these associations through the use of autoregressive latent trajectory models to differentiate time-specific variations in BPD symptoms and parenting from the stable processes that steadily influence repeated measures within an individual. The developmental trajectories of BPD symptoms and parenting were moderately associated, suggesting a reciprocal relationship. There was some support for time-specific elevations in BPD symptoms predicting subsequent increases in harsh punishment and caregiver low warmth. There was little support for increases in harsh punishment and caregiver low warmth predicting subsequent elevations in BPD symptoms. Child impulsivity and negative affectivity, and caregiver psychopathology were related to parenting trajectories, while only child characteristics predicted BPD trajectories. The results highlight the stability of the reciprocal associations between parenting and BPD trajectories in adolescent girls and add to our understanding of the longitudinal course of BPD in youth.

Alexithymia as a Mediator Between Attachment and the Development of Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence

Insecure attachment and the inability to identify emotions have both been put forward as possible explanations for dysfunction of the emotional system in borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study aimed to test a model according to which the influence of attachment on the development of BPD in adolescence is mediated by alexithymia. Borderline severity was assessed by means of the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders. Attachment and alexithymia were measured respectively with the Relationship Styles Questionnaire and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Mediation analyses conducted on 105 participants (54 with BPD and 51 matched controls) suggest that the role of security and negative model of self (i.e., preoccupied and fearful attachment styles) in the development of BPD symptoms are mediated by alexithymia.

Bullied by peers in childhood and borderline personality symptoms at 11 years of age: A prospective study

Abuse by adults has been reported as a potent predictor of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Unclear is whether victimisation by peers increases the risk of borderline personality symptoms. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) prospective, longitudinal observation study of 6050 mothers and their children. Child bullying was measured by self-report and mother and teacher report between 4 and 10 years. Family adversity was assessed from pregnancy to 4 years; parenting behaviours from 2 to 7 years, sexual abuse from 1.5 to 9 years, and IQ and DSM-IV axis I diagnoses at 7 to 8 years. Trained psychologists interviewed children at 11.8 years to ascertain DSM-IV BPD symptoms (five or more). Accounting for known confounders, victims of peer bullying had an increased risk of BPD symptoms according to self-report (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 2.13-3.72); mother report (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.86-3.16); and teacher report (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.34-2.83). Children who reported being chronically bullied (OR, 5.44; 95% CI, 3.86-7.66) or experienced combined relational and overt victimisation (OR, 7.10; 95% CI, 4.79-10.51) had highly increased odds of developing BPD symptoms. Children exposed to chronic victimisation according to mother report were also at heightened risk of developing BPD symptoms (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 2.24-4.68). Intentional harm inflicted by peers is a precursor or marker on the trajectory towards the development of BPD symptoms in childhood. Clinicians should be adequately trained to deal with, and ask users of mental health services routinely about, adverse experiences with peers.

Should borderline personality disorder be included in the fourth edition of the Chinese classification of mental disorders?

Should borderline personality disorder be included in the fourth edition of the Chinese classification of mental disorders?

The Neurobiology of Borderline Personality Disorder: The Synergy of “Nature and Nurture”

The author reviews the current state of our knowledge concerning the neurobiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD). A converging body of scientific evidence indicates that patients with BPD suffer from impairments in the brain systems that regulate impulsivity, aggression, and affect. This article reviews data on the neurobiology of the symptoms of BPD, including emotional and behavioral dysregulation, identity disturbance, cognitive impairments, and interpersonal difficulties. The author first considers the evolutionary context in which BPD can develop to put the neurobiological findings in perspective, and then discusses the roles of both genetic inheritance and the environment in the development of BPD. The role of neurotransmitter systems in the development of impulsive-aggression and affective instability is reviewed. Possible neurobiological contributors to the identity disturbance seen in BPD are also described. The author then considers environmental contributions to BPD and discusses the synergy of nature and nurture in the development of BPD symptoms. Findings concerning the types of neurobiological impairments that can arise as a result of childhood neglect and abuse and other types of chronic severe stress and trauma are discussed. Finally, the author reviews studies of animal attachment models that suggest that types of maternal care can produce lifelong behavioral and physiological differences in offspring and that this effect is mediated through the regulation of gene expression. The author suggests that the large body of neuroscience research reviewed in this article suggests that, while patients with BPD may be born with innate genetic tendencies for impaired brain systems for regulating impulses and affect, the environment they find themselves born into may be critical in determining whether or not they develop the full blown syndrome of BPD.