Development Of Assessment Tool Research Articles

The Phenomenology of Visual and Other Nonauditory Hallucinations in Affective and Nonaffective Psychosis: A Mixed Methods Analysis.

Nonauditory hallucinations in psychosis have not received as much attention relative to voice-hearing experiences. The current paper aimed to document the characteristics of these hallucinations in affective and nonaffective psychosis. Participants were selected from a primary voice-hearing sample, who had endorsed visual, tactile, or olfactory hallucinations ( N = 55-75). A comprehensive, semistructured phenomenological interview was conducted, followed by mixed methods analysis. Visual hallucinations typically occurred daily, for a few minutes per episode, within one's direct line of sight; persons and/or animals were most commonly seen, with low controllability and mostly engendered negative affective outcomes. Tactile and olfactory hallucinations were endorsed by 46.8% and 39.0% of participants, respectively. The affective psychosis group ( n = 33) reported significantly greater awareness and lower functional impairment relative to the nonaffective psychosis group ( n = 42). Qualitative thematic analysis revealed notable themes and subthemes across each of these hallucinations modes. Further phenomenological investigations should be carried out in lesser known hallucination modalities, assisted by the development of appropriate assessment tools.

Development of depression assessment tools using humanoid robots -Can tele-operated robots talk with depressive persons like humans?

BackgroundDepression is a common mental disorder and causes significant social loss. Early intervention for depression is important. Nonetheless, depressed patients tend to conceal their symptoms from others based on shame and stigma, thus hesitate to visit psychiatrists especially during early phase.We hypothesize that application of humanoid robots would be a novel solution. Depressed patients may feel more comfortable talking with such robots than humans. MethodsWe recruited 13 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 27 healthy volunteers as controls. Participants took both tele-operated humanoid robot and human interviews to evaluate severity of depression using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). In addition, participants completed a self-administered questionnaire asking about their impressions of the robot interview. ResultsConfidence interval and t-test analysis have revealed that the HDRS scores are equally reliable between robot and human interviews. No significant differences were observed between the two interviews regarding “nervousness about the interview” and “hesitancy to talk about depressed moods and suicidal ideation.” Compared to human interviews, robot interviews yielded significantly lower scores on shame-related factors especially among patients with MDD. LimitationSmall sample size, and the evaluator is male only. ConclusionsThis is the first report to show the reliability of tele-operated humanoid robot interviews for assessment of depression. Robot interviews are potentially equally reliable as human interviews. Robot interviews are suggested to be more appropriate in assessing shame-related suppressed emotions and hidden thoughts of depressed patients in clinical practice, which may reduce the stigma associated with depression.

Development of a Novel Telemedicine Tool to Reduce Disparities Related to the Identification of Preschool Children with Autism.

The wait for ASD evaluation dramatically increases with age, with wait times of a year or more common as children reach preschool. Even when appointments become available, families from traditionally underserved groups struggle to access care. Addressing care disparities requires designing identification tools and processes specifically for and with individuals most at-risk for health inequities. This work describes the development of a novel telemedicine-based ASD assessment tool, the TELE-ASD-PEDS-Preschool (TAP-Preschool). We applied machine learning models to a clinical data set of preschoolers with ASD and other developmental concerns (n = 914) to generate behavioral targets that best distinguish ASD and non-ASD features. We conducted focus groups with clinicians, early interventionists, and parents of children with ASD from traditionally underrepresented racial/ethnic and linguistic groups. Focus group themes and machine learning analyses were used to generate a play-based instrument with assessment tasks and scoring procedures based on the child's language (i.e., TAP-P Verbal, TAP-P Non-verbal). TAP-P procedures were piloted with 30 families. Use of the instrument in isolation (i.e., without history or collateral information) yielded accurate diagnostic classification in 63% of cases. Children with existing ASD diagnoses received higher TAP-P scores, relative to children with other developmental concerns. Clinician diagnostic accuracy and certainty were higher when confirming existing ASD diagnoses (80% agreement) than when ruling out ASD in children with other developmental concerns (30% agreement). Utilizing an equity approach to understand the functionality and impact of tele-assessment for preschool children has potential to transform the ASD evaluation process and improve care access.

Assessment in Farsi–English Emerging Bilingual Children: A Tutorial

Purpose: Emerging bilingual children represent a diverse population with regard to their language learning histories and individual factors. When assessing a bilingual child, it is important to accurately differentiate typical second-language learning characteristics from differences that indicate a disorder. The Iranian scholarly and clinical communities have established essential linguistic norms and identified linguistic and nonlinguistic indicators of speech and language disorder in Farsi-speaking children. The community has also developed assessment tools that are useful when evaluating the language skills of bilingual Farsi-English–speaking children. Method: We present some relevant characteristics of the Farsi-speaking community and summarize the literature related to linguistic norms and the characteristics of the Farsi language, particularly related to the phonological and morphosyntactic structure of Farsi. To illustrate the diversity in bilingual children's profiles and the need for individualized assessment, we present two case studies of sequential emerging Farsi–English bilingual children. Results: We present the children's assessment results and report clinical indicators of a language disorder. The case examples are used to highlight several recommendations for conducting individualized and culturally sensitive assessments. Conclusions: This tutorial highlights the need for a comprehensive and individualized assessment of a bilingual child. Specific assessment tools and procedures are outlined to support clinicians in completing accurate and sensitive evaluations of Farsi–English bilingual children.

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The article is aimed at solving the important problem of risk management in the context of innovative projects, which affects the competitiveness and sustainability of organizations in the modern business environment. The purpose of the article is to highlight and develop an innovative approach to risk management in innovative projects to improve their success. The article examines the theoretical foundations of risk management in the context of innovative projects, including concepts, principles, and methods of risk management. The article identifies and analyzes the key risks that arise in the process of implementing innovative projects, including technological, financial, market and organizational risks. The article proposes the development of risk assessment methods and tools in the context of innovative projects, which may include the use of analytical methods, models, and approaches to assess the probability of risk occurrence and their potential impact on projects. The article offers effective methods of risk management in innovative projects the development of proactive measures to prevent risks, the determination of control points, the implementation of backup plans, and the development of a risk monitoring and control system. The article provides practical recommendations and examples of the implementation of innovative risk management in the real field of innovative project management. The authors examine various aspects of risk management and offer practical recommendations for managing them effectively. The results of the study will contribute to the improvement of risk management practices in organizations engaged in innovative activities and contribute to ensuring sustainable development and competitiveness.

Barriers and facilitators for developing a prehospital emergency care system evaluation tool (PEC-SET) for low-resource settings: a qualitative analysis

ObjectivesStrengthening of emergency care systems, including prehospital systems, can reduce death and disability. We aimed to identify perspectives on barriers and facilitators relating to the development and implementation of a...

Development of a Quality Assessment Tool for Hypertension Management by Public Healthcare Providers: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and assess the validity of a quality assessment tool for hypertension management (QAT-HTN), to evaluate the quality of hypertension management by public healthcare providers working in community healthcare centers. Methods: The QAT-HTN was distributed to 528 patients with HTN. The construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses), internal consistency reliability, and concurrent validity of the QAT-HTN were evaluated. Results: A six-subscale measurement model of the QAT-HTN involving blood pressure (BP) control, regular checkups and medicine education, complication prevention and assessment, BP measurement, and lifestyle management was validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Concurrent validity was evaluated based on correlations with HTN self-care behavior. The Cronbach’s ⍺ coefficient for internal consistency was .92. Conclusion: The QAT-HTN was found to be a reliable and valid measure of the quality of HTN management in Korean community healthcare centers.

Non-Nutritive Suck Assessment Tool Development to Characterize Sucking Patterns in Infant with Various Hunger Levels

Sucking abilities are critical in early infant development, and the patterns of non-nutritive suck (NNS) have been found to potentially predict neurodevelopmental issues in the future. Proper NNS assessments are essential to ensure valid conclusions. Previous studies have shown that the level of infant arousal significantly affects NNS patterns. However, the author did not find any studies that observed the influence of infant hunger levels on NNS patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an NNS assessment tool to characterize NNS patterns in infants with various hunger levels. The NNS assessment was conducted using a pressure transducer connected to a pacifier. The results showed that the level of hunger significantly affected the intra-burst frequency and the sucking pressure. The more hungry the infant, the more frequent the intra-burst frequency became, while the sucking pressure tended to decrease. The intra-burst frequency of infant sucking was 2.3, 2.46, and 2.5 Hz on average for a relative hunger index of 0.67, 0.83, and 1.0, respectively. The NNS pressure of infant sucking was 6.31, 4.51, and 2.62 kPa on average for a relative hunger index of 0.67, 0.83, and 1.0, respectively. This study's results suggest that during NNS assessments, the measurement time should consider the next feeding schedule for the infant.

Monitoring and prediction of Aeromonas veronii dynamics via absolute quantification microbiome sequencing facilitated the development of a risk assessment tool in a shrimp farm

The outbreak of infectious bacterial diseases in aquaculture is a major concern in the industry. Among those pathogens, Aeromonas species are one of the most important bacterial pathogens of cultured animals. From May to June of 2022, an unexplained Aeromonas veronii outbreak was observed in a shrimp farm with high morbidity and mortality. To develop a risk assessment tool, the dynamics of the microbiome were monitored via absolute quantification of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing for 18 consecutive days in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for rearing water and the gut of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A growth model was also developed for predicting the growth of Aeromonas in the shrimp gut and rearing water. The results showed that A. veronii is a dominant bacterial strain isolated from sick L. vannamei. The comparison of the bacterial community in the shrimp gut and rearing water over time showed remarkable shifts in A. veronii and probiotic Bacillus in the rearing water, with a significant decline in probiotic Bacillus. The rapid increase in A. veronii in rearing water subsequently altered A. veronii populations in the shrimp gut, with over 80% of A. veronii found on day 18. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between the abundance of A. veronii in the shrimp gut and the rearing water. The growth kinetic model agreed well with the observed values. Collectively, the temporal dynamics of the bacterial community in the rearing water offer valuable information for the fate of administered probiotics and pathogens. Growth kinetic models provide useful information to reduce the abundance of pathogens, which can be used as an early warning tool. These observations offer crucial insights into the dynamics of the bacterial community in shrimp and their environment, which can significantly impact shrimp health and productivity.

2431. Development and Implementation of a Risk Assessment Tool to Inform Quality Improvement in Infection Control among Vietnamese Hospitals

Abstract Background An estimated 70% of hospital-associated infections (HAIs) could be prevented if evidenced-based practices were consistently implemented. However, a recent study found that only 15% of health facilities globally met WHO infection prevention and control (IPC) minimum requirements. Strategies are needed to close this “Know-Do-Gap”, particularly in low-middle income countries. A community of practice (CoP) is a collaborative forum for sharing knowledge and approaches to improve care delivery. We established a CoP quality improvement initiative in Vietnam to spread IPC best practices in Vietnamese hospitals. We developed a risk assessment tool to assess current practices and capacity in the surveillance and prevention of HAIs and to inform planning for quality improvement efforts. Methods A cross-sectional study was implemented in 4/2023 among 20 sub-national level hospitals in Vietnam prior to participation in the CoP. A facility assessment tool was developed with 3 domains: hospital characteristics, IPC capacity, and HAI prevention practices. Data was collected through self-reported questionnaires with data quality verification via online interviews with key staff from each facility. A scoring index was developed to stratify hospitals based on risk (Table 1 and 2), and a descriptive analysis was performed.Table 1:Hospital Infection Prevention and Control Capacity Scoring index. Abbreviations: IPC, infection prevention and control; HAI, hospital associated infections; SOP, standard operating procedures; CLABSI, central line associated blood stream infections; VAE, ventilator associated events; SSI, surgical site infections; ICU, intensive care unit. This table shows the weighed scoring index for assessing hospital infection control capacity. Each indicator was assigned a score from a range of options and a multiplier (1-3) was assigned based on the relative importance of the indicator.Table 2:Hospital Infection Control Prevention Practices Scoring Index. Abbreviations: SOP, standard operating procedure; CLABSI, central line associated blood stream infections; BSI, bloodstream infections; VAE, ventilator associated events; VAP, ventilator associated pneumonia; SSI, surgical site infections; ICU, intensive care unit. This table shows the scoring index for assessing hospital associated infection prevention practices. Each indicator was assigned a score according to the associated legend. Results Of the 20 hospitals, 12 reported at least 20 central line catheter insertions per month, 9 had at least 20 ventilated patients per month, and 19 performed more than 100 surgeries per month. Only 11 of 20 had any standardized operating procedures (SOPs) to guide prevention of HAIs and only 2 had SOPs for all 3 HAIs assessed. Less than half reported conducting regular meetings between IPC and clinical teams to improve IPC practices. Using the scoring index, differences in IPC practice and capacity were demonstrated among hospitals (Figure 1 and 2).Figure 1:Infection Prevention and Control Capacity Scores, by Hospital This figure is a heat map for visualizing the results of the assessment by domain and hospital. Scores for each domain were converted to percentages and assigned a color according to the legend.Figure 2:Infection Prevention Practices Scores, by Hospital This figure is a heat map for visualizing the results of the assessment by domain and hospital. Scores for each domain were converted to percentages and assigned a color according to the legend. Conclusion A risk assessment tool identified important gaps in IPC among participating hospitals in Vietnam, including the need for standardizing prevention practices and a lack of mechanisms for regular IPC-focused communication. Our results will guide allocation of resources for training and coaching within our CoP and will inform planning for interventions to spread evidenced-based practices within Vietnamese hospitals. Disclosures Todd Pollack, MD FIDSA, AstraZeneca: Advisor for company hired by AZ|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support

Self – Advocacy Significance in Work Placement Adjustment of PwID

Self – Advocacy of differently abled adults living in Urban cities, Suburban and Rural areas were examined with respect to self - advocacy of their technical training, life skill development programs and social support systems. In the present situation based on applicability of scientific knowledge helping the Intellectual disabled adult children from positive psychology frameworks and from the strengths-based approach through which they can learn natural language and understanding language is currently focused by special education and vocational training centres for differently abled adult students. Under this framework, Self-determined, Self – advocacy action is including and able to implement practically by two following essential criteria’s: 1. Vocational training action, 2. Self - governing action. Vocational action refers to the extent to which a person makes intentional, conscious choices based on differently abled adult choice and interests. Self - governing action involves self-directing and managing actions in service of a chosen work area and implies identifying different ways and methods to solve their disable problem. This study paper focusing on the dedicated services of Vocational training centres rendering multiple roles in promoting technical skills and life skills based on identifying different abilities and preparing the differently abled adults to enter into suitable work places for self-earning with intellectual disabilities. The study was conducted with the purpose to identifying the role of Vocational instructors in development of assessment tool, need assessment of functional skills, programming, implementation, and evaluation of training program by involving even parents in all stages. Differently abled adults in DAIL section identified male and female students and their parents who showed their commitment to participate in the program were involved in the Work Placement Adjustment of PwID program. Need assessment of functional skills of each adult was done through technical and functional skills training programs were developed by implementing and evaluated with the support of parents. Data showed that Instructors played multiple roles were observed in the whole study; their teaching style, use of different behaviour modification technique and other were come forth and performance of differently abled adults was increased.

The reality of occupational harm incurred by Japanese home health care nurses, the hazardous situations they face, and protective measures: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To gain a comprehensive understanding of the occupational hazards encountered by home health care nurses in Japan and to elucidate the reality of harm they incur, the hazardous situations, and the protective measures taken Methods:A questionnaire survey of managers of home health care nursing agencies in Japan was conducted, and 355 valid responses were obtained. The survey questions concerned the occupational hazards experienced by home health care nursing staff. The occupational hazards were classified into 6 categories, and responses were obtained regarding harm, hazardous situations, and protective measures in each category Results: The types of harm that occurred at highest rates during the previous 3 years were emotional abuse by the patient or their family members, lower back pain resulting from improper posture while providing care, sexual harassment by the patients and their family members, automobile accidents while traveling to home care sites, and allergic reactions to the environment at home care sites. Some hazardous situations were caused by the unique environments of home care sites Conclusions: In order to prevent the occurrence of harm, the development of risk assessment tools, educational initiatives to increase awareness of occupational hazards, and consideration of the financial and technical support that will enable the use of assistive devices in the practice of nursing techniques were considered necessary. The development of effective guidelines and manuals specific to the occupational hazards encountered by home health care nurses is an important challenge

Development and external validation of dual online tools for prognostic assessment in elderly patients with high-grade glioma: a comprehensive study using SEER and Chinese cohorts.

Elderly individuals diagnosed with high-grade gliomas frequently experience unfavorable outcomes. We aimed to design two web-based instruments for prognosis to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), assisting clinical decision-making. We scrutinized data from the SEER database on 5,245 elderly patients diagnosed with high-grade glioma between 2000-2020, segmenting them into training (3,672) and validation (1,573) subsets. An additional external validation cohort was obtained from our institution. Prognostic determinants were pinpointed using Cox regression analyses, which facilitated the construction of the nomogram. The nomogram's predictive precision for OS and CSS was gauged using calibration and ROC curves, the C-index, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Based on risk scores, patients were stratified into high or low-risk categories, and survival disparities were explored. Using multivariate Cox regression, we identified several prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in elderly patients with high-grade gliomas, including age, tumor location, size, surgical technique, and therapies. Two digital nomograms were formulated anchored on these determinants. For OS, the C-index values in the training, internal, and external validation cohorts were 0.734, 0.729, and 0.701, respectively. We also derived AUC values for 3-, 6-, and 12-month periods. For CSS, the C-index values for the training and validation groups were 0.733 and 0.727, with analogous AUC metrics. The efficacy and clinical relevance of the nomograms were corroborated via ROC curves, calibration plots, and DCA for both cohorts. Our investigation pinpointed pivotal risk factors in elderly glioma patients, leading to the development of an instrumental prognostic nomogram for OS and CSS. This instrument offers invaluable insights to optimize treatment strategies.

Premorbid intelligence quotient and school failure as risk markers for bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder

Mood disorders significantly impact global health, with MDD ranking as the second leading cause of disability in the United States and BD ranking 18th. Despite their prevalence and impact, the relationship between premorbid intelligence and the subsequent development of BD and MDD remains inconclusive.This study investigates the potential of premorbid Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and school failure frequency as risk factors for Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in a birth cohort setting. We analyze data from the Pelotas population-based birth cohort study, comprising 3580 participants aged 22, who had no prior mood disorder diagnoses. Utilizing regression models and accounting for potential confounders, we assess the impact of IQ and school failure, measured at age 18, on the emergence of BD and MDD diagnoses at age 22, using individuals without mood disorders as comparators. Results reveal that lower IQ (below 70) at 18 is associated with an increased risk of BD (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.75, 95%CI: 1.00–3.09, p < 0.05), while higher IQ (above 120) is linked to MDD (AOR 2.16, 95%CI: 1.24–3.75, p < 0.001). Moreover, an elevated number of school failures is associated with increased BD risk (AOR 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11–1.41, p < 0.001), particularly for BD type 1 (AOR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.17–1.58, p < 0.001). These findings offer insights into the distinct premorbid intellectual characteristics of BD and MDD and contribute to a deeper understanding of their developmental trajectories, potentially informing the development of risk assessment tools for mood disorders.

Development and validation of an assessment tool for higher education learning abroad programs: A qualitative Delphi study

BackgroundHigher education learning abroad programs provide many benefits to healthcare students. However, inadequate preparation prior to their international travel, and misdirected motivations for their participation, can jeopardise the benefits and increase the risks. While it is pivotal to objectively evaluate pre-departure student preparation and the impact the programs have on students, existing assessment questionnaires fail to inform these aspects. ObjectivesTo develop an assessment tool (two surveys) to holistically evaluate learning abroad programs for higher education healthcare students. DesignA qualitative Delphi technique. ParticipantsA total of 24 experts who had designed, managed, participated in, hosted, funded, and/or researched Australian learning abroad programs for higher education students. MethodsThe study was conducted over a 4-month period. An initial set of pre-departure and post-program questions was developed through a review of the existing literature and from a post-program survey previously used at an Australian higher education institution. Subsequently, experts provided constructive and practical feedback on the questions to be included in the two surveys. ResultsThe experts reached consensus on the 26 questions to be included in the pre-departure survey and the 16 questions in the post-program survey after three Delphi rounds. Key areas of interest to the experts were mitigating student risk, improving effectiveness of pre-departure briefings, gaining a better insight into student motivations for participation, and understanding the impact the programs have on students. ConclusionsThe development of this valid assessment tool (two surveys) will provide higher education institutions and program leaders with the ability to better evaluate the effectiveness of the pre-departure preparation they provide to students, understand the motivations of students who participate, as well as assessing the impact these programs have on students. The insights gathered can be used to improve future program offerings and maximise the benefits to healthcare students while reducing the risks.

Developing an integrated participatory methodology framework for campus sustainability assessment tools (CSAT): A case study of a sino-foreign university in China

The issue of sustainable development is a topic that needs to be studied, analysed, and addressed by higher education institutions. Campus sustainability assessment tools (CSATs) are commonly adopted internationally to evaluate and improve measures utilised for the development outcomes of universities. Whilst some Chinese universities have taken positive steps towards attaining sustainability in their operations, teaching and/or research, and China has come up with its own evaluation criteria for green universities, majority of their approach still have shortcomings, such as lack of multiple stakeholder involvement and a one size fits all approach to campus sustainability strategy. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate two core methodological issues (top-down and non-transparent approaches and the limited consideration of context-specific issues) that impact the efficacy of CSATs in order to optimize the selection process for indicators and enhance the development CSAT for Chinese campuses and other campuses globally. Based on the widely used assessment tools (both campus and neighbourhood) in foreign countries, 147 corresponding assessment indicators in 16 domains were collated through qualitative review of existing assessment tools and the questionnaire-based analysis through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The case study campus selected was the University of Nottingham Ningbo China. The indicators to be investigated were selected based on frequency and distributed in the form of a questionnaire to the staff and students after a comprehensive stakeholder survey analysis. The staff and students were used to illustrate the high interest and high influence dynamic versus the high interest and low influence dynamic. This research was conducted to gain insight towards developing an integrated, inclusive, and context relevant CSAT. Furthermore, a new framework was developed for Chinese Campus sustainable assessment planning, using the University of Nottingham Ningbo as Case study. This framework provides step by step phases for CSAT development that includes the database phase, minimization phase, stakeholder phase and integration and implementation phase. Within these phases, factors that determined the success and failure were discussed such as issues of acceptability versus pragmatism, willingness of stakeholders to participate, weighing of indicators, stakeholder analysis and redistribution of power for the less influential. This led to the sample selection of indicators, which serve as validation of impact of this integrated methodological process. The final recommendation given is that all regions should create and provide avenues for tailored processes for the selection, weighting and criteria development of sustainability indicators and assessment tools. This needs to promote inclusivity, transparency and contextual relevance in decision making, which should be the main considerations for any truly sustainable framework. In addition, as a final measure to ensure methods such as CSATs are implemented in wider China and globally, this study identified the need for coordination, support, and participation of competent and sustainability driven leaders, government parastatals (National and provincial level), pilot demonstration, as well as data transparency throughout related campus departments.

The Precise-DYAD Neurodevelopmental substudy protocol: neurodevelopmental risk in children of mothers with placental complications

Background: Over 250 million children are not reaching their developmental potential globally. The impact of prenatal factors then influenced by postnatal environmental factors on child neurodevelopment, is still unclear—particularly in low- and middle-income settings. This study aims to understand the impact of placental complications as well as environmental, psychosocial, and biological predictors on neurodevelopmental trajectories. Methods: This is an observational cohort study of female and male children (≈3,950) born to women (≈4,200) with and without placental disorders (pregnancy-induced hypertension, foetal growth restriction, and premature birth) previously recruited into PREgnancy Care Integrating Translational Science, Everywhere study with detailed biological data collected in intrapartum and post-partum periods. Children will be assessed at six weeks to 6 months, 11-13 months, 23-25 months and 35-37 months in rural and semi-urban Gambia (Farafenni, Illiasa, and Ngayen Sanjal) and Kenya (Mariakani and Rabai). We will assess children's neurodevelopment using Prechtls General Movement Assessment, the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (primary outcome), Observation of Maternal-Child Interaction, the Neurodevelopmental Disorder Screening Tool, and the Epilepsy Screening tool. Children screening positive will be assessed with Cardiff cards (vision), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Revised, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Family Impact. We will use multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the impact of placental complications on neurodevelopment and conduct structural equation modelling using latent class growth to study trajectories and relationships between biological, environmental, and psychosocial factors on child development. Conclusions: We aim to provide information regarding the neurodevelopment of infants and children born to women with and without placental complications at multiple time points during the first three years of life in two low-resource African communities. A detailed evaluation of developmental trajectories and their predictors will provide information on the most strategic points of intervention to prevent and reduce the incidence of neurodevelopmental impairments.

Abstract 12346: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Associated With Social Determinants of Health at Individual and Area Levels

Introduction: Adverse social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, it is unclear if the ASCVD risks associated with area-level SDOH are similar to those with individual-level measures. Further, SDOH are not included in the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCEs) when estimating 10-year ASCVD risk. Studies have shown that PCEs systematically underestimate risk for socially deprived individuals. Aims To examine the association of individual- and area-level SDOH including education, income, and employment with incident ASCVD. Also, we assessed if adding SDOH to the PCEs improves risk prediction accuracy. Methods: We pooled data from four cohorts: Jackson Heart Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort, and Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study. We excluded participants with a history of ASCVD. Individual-level SDOH were based on participants’ self-report and area-level SDOH were derived by linking participants’ addresses to US Census tract data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the associations between SDOH and ASCVD. We also assessed the changes in discrimination (Harrell’s C-index) and calibration (Integrated Brier Score) after adding SDOH to risk prediction models. Results: We analyzed data from 27,603 participants (mean age 61.4 years, 59% women, and 49% White). During a median follow-up of 13 years, 2,839 incident ASCVD events occurred. Both individual- and area-level SDOH were associated with ASCVD ( Figure, Panel A ). Adding both individual- and area-level SDOH to risk prediction modestly improved model discrimination and calibration in Black men and women ( Figure, Panels B &amp; C ), and also improved calibration in non-Black women. Conclusions: The findings suggest that SDOH may be considered in the development of future ASCVD risk assessment tools, particularly among Black individuals.

Advances in application research on assessment methods of vocal fatigue

Vocal fatigue（VF） is the common clinical symptom of voice diseases. It can also be a separate symptom and is considered to be a signal for the body to rest and to avoid pathological damage to the vocal cords. Therefore, the early identification and evaluation of vocal fatigue is of great value to the early prevention and treatment of vocal diseases. In recent years, there are many researches on the evaluation methods of vocalization fatigue. We searched the relevant literature and summarized the application status of vocal fatigue assessment methods, in order to provide reference for the selection and development of vocal fatigue assessment tools in clinical practice.

The Psychiatrists Premier League: A Unique Opportunity for the Evolution of Sports Psychiatry in India

The field of sports psychiatry has gained recognition in recent years for its vital role in supporting the mental health and well-being of athletes. In India, where sports are becoming increasingly popular and competitive, there is a growing need for specialized mental health professionals to address the unique mental health challenges faced by athletes. This article details the origin and evolution of the psychiatrists premier league (PPL), a cricket tournament and highlights this as a unique opportunity to leverage the expertise of psychiatrists and drive the evolution of sports psychiatry in India. The PPL aims to establish a platform that brings together psychiatrists, mental health professionals, and other stakeholders in a collaborative environment. Through the PPL, psychiatrists can gain first-hand expertise in the mental health of athletes in addition to their overall well-being and performance. Furthermore, the PPL can act as a catalyst for research in sports psychiatry in India. It can encourage collaborative studies, outcome evaluations, and the development of standardized assessment tools. The league can also facilitate partnerships with sports organizations, enabling research projects to be conducted within the sporting community. The evolution of sports psychiatry in India through the PPL has the potential to positively impact the overall well-being of athletes and contribute to their success. By integrating mental health professionals into the sporting ecosystem, the PPL can help break the stigma surrounding mental health issues in sports and promote a holistic approach to athlete care. As the field of sports psychiatry continues to grow, the PPL can serve as a model to enhance mental health support systems within the realm of sports in India.