Development Of 3D Printing Research Articles

Method of internal curing cement concrete used for 3D printing technology in construction

Currently, 3D printing technology in construction is becoming more popular every day in many countries and regions in the world. In parallel with the development of 3D printers, the research, design and application of materials as "ink" for this technology is also an urgent direction in materials science. Improvement of 3D printing technology with the use of concrete mixtures based on Portland cement largely depends on the sustainable solution of the problem of ensuring normal hardening of extruded concrete layers. A violation of hardening has known negative consequences and entails significant economic losses. It has been suggested to use polyacrylate solutions, preparation of which before application in concrete mixture allows controlling the process of their polymerization, postponing the sorption function of the additive in time to ensure the required rheology. Influence of super absorbent polymer (SAP) solution on structural formation processes and properties of cement materials is studied. Assessment of the degree of hydration was carried out by the calorimetric method for total thermal power using the isothermal calorimeter TAM AIR. Identification of main phases of cement stone (CS) by X-ray phase analysis was performed on XRD-6000 diffractometer. It is established that the use of SAP solutions has a positive effect on the mobility of cement mixtures due to the delayed polymerization and the corresponding water absorption by the polymer. The flexural strength range is 6.7–7.2 Mpa and the compression strength range is 68.5–71.7 MPa. It is established that the range of concentrations of SAP less than 1.5 % provides close to the reference composition (without SAP) the total hydration heat power of Portland cement at the age of 86 hours. The dependences of rheological and mechanical properties of cement materials on SAP concentration have been established. It has been proved that the use of SAP solutions is an effective engineering solution to ensure the hardening of concrete in adverse conditions. Further development of the topic may be aimed at studying the effect of SAP solutions on the properties of concrete mixtures of different compositions for 3D printing.

3D Printing in Veterinary Medicine

The use of 3D printing technology in the field of medicine, which started with the millennium, continues to increase today. Depending on the technological developments in this field, the use of rapid prototyping technology in the field of veterinary medicine is becoming widespread with the development of 3D printers, increasing material variety, cheaper printing costs and being more accessible. Additive manufacturing is used in veterinary education and training, experimental research and clinical studies, and its area of use is expanding day by day. In this review, both the current usage potential will be evaluated and the expected developments in the near future will be revealed.

Improved Vibration Analysis Model for 3D Printed CFRTP Plate

With the development of 3D printers, it has become possible to 3D print materials containing carbon fibers. In this study, FE model that can reproduce the vibration characteristics of a test plate made with the 3D printer Mark Two. This study aims to create FE model that can reproduce the vibration characteristics of a test plate made with the Mark Two 3D printer when it is subjected to central excitation. Currently, the model can reproduce the vibration modes but is not able to reproduce the natural frequencies. One possible reason for this is that the value of the material constants used in the material constants used in the analysis may differ from the actual ones. To ensure the accuracy of the material constants used, the output of the material constant by the simultaneous identification method using the differential evolution method with APDL were applied to improve the reproducibility of the natural frequencies.

Application of 3D Printing Technology in the Mechanical Testing of Complex Structural Rock Masses

In the engineering of underground construction, the discontinuous structures in rock mass have important influences on the mechanical behaviors of the subsurface of rock mass. The acquisition of mechanical parameters is the basis of rock mass engineering design, construction, safety, and stability evaluation. However, the mechanical parameters and failure characteristics of the same rock mass under different mechanical conditions cannot be obtained due to the limitations of specimen preparation techniques. In recent years, with the continuous development of 3D printing (3DP) technology, it has been successfully applied to the repetitive preparation of rock mass samples. The combinations of 3DP and other techniques, such as 3D scanning and CT scanning, provided a new approach to study the mechanical behavior of complex structural rock masses. In this study, through a comprehensive review of the technical progress, equipment situation, application fields, and challenges of the use of 3DP technology, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) 3DP technology has advantages over traditional rock mass specimen preparation techniques, and the verification of test results using 3D printed samples shows that the 3DP has broad application prospects in geotechnical engineering. (2) The combination of 3DP and other advanced techniques can be used to achieve the accurate reconstruction of complex structural rock masses and to obtain the mechanical and failure characteristics of the same rock mass structure under different mechanical boundary conditions. (3) The development of 3DP materials with high strength, high brittleness, and low ductility has become the major bottleneck in the application of 3DP in geotechnical engineering. (4) 3D printers need to meet the high precision and large size requirements while also having high strength and long-term printing ability. The development of 3D printers that can print different types of materials is also an important aspect of the application of 3DP in geotechnical engineering.

Dynamic condition monitoring for 3D printers by using error fusion of multiple sparse auto-encoders

With the development of 3D printers, the healthy condition is becoming more and more crucial for the printing quality. In this research, anerror fusion of multiple sparse auto-encoders (EFMSAE) is developed to monitor the condition of the 3D printer dynamically. To this end, an attitude sensor which contained 9 channels is employed for collectingprinter condition data of 3-axial angular velocity, 3-axial vibratory acceleration and 3-axial magnetic field intensity, simultaneously. To make use of the information of multiple sensorsmounted on the moving platform of the printer,multiple sparse auto-encoders (SAEs)are employed for the deep learning of these data. To integrate these information for extracting ingredients incondition monitoring, square prediction error (SPE)is applied as an error fusion tool to fuse multiple SAEs. The value of SPEis used as an indicator to describe the operation status of the printer. Both simulated and delta 3D printer experiments were carried for evaluating the performance of the addressed method. The results show that the present EFMSAE is capable of effectively monitoringthe dynamic healthycondition for 3D printers.

3D프린터 착탈식 하이브리드형 Hot End 디자인 연구

3D프린터 착탈식 하이브리드형 Hot End 디자인 연구

3Dプリンタの開発（光造形法の発明経緯・技術評価・特許問題）

3Dプリンタの開発（光造形法の発明経緯・技術評価・特許問題）

Designing a Hybryd Equipment for Additive Manufacturing

In terms of the development of 3D printers we can say that in the first stage of evolution the huge majority of them were able to print 3D using 3 axis numerically controlled. Currently there are several types of printers that can print in 4 and 5-axis developed using classical solutions (portal or parallel structure). Another direction of development is the combination of 3D printers and traditional manufacturing equipment, with an already existing commercial solution (Hermle MPA 40) that combines milling and MPA technology (Metal Powder-Application). This paper presents a hybrid equipment that can be placed in the specific additive manufacturing category, combining milling operations (4 axis) and turning with 3D printing using FDM technology. The machine uses stepper motors for driving kinematic axes, a DC motor (16 000 rev / min) to drive the main shaft of the mill and a three-phase motor for turning. The software used for milling and turning is Mach3, while MatterControl is used for 3D printing.

An efficient approach for obtaining 3D surface curvature using blocked pattern projection

According to the development of 3D printer the need for 3D scanning technology becomes one of the most rapid increasing parts among industries. In order to obtain 3D surface curvature of a back, an efficient approach using lattice pattern is presented. The surface curvature can be obtained from the distorted block edges projected with the black and white lattice pattern. This method uses the block patterns like chess plate in order to obtain surface curvature of a back efficiently. The block pattern provides robust result and uniform resolutions to vertical and horizontal curvature comparing to slit line pattern. The precision of this method was calculated by the experiment to a sphere model and the reconstruction result of a back was presented.

Analysis on the Development of 3D Printer

3D printer market has developed rapidly in recent years, and has been applied in the aerospace, bio-medical, education, food, mold making and other industries. 3D printer not only has its advantages in the aspects of meeting the needs of niche markets and reducing depending on labor etc, but also faces problems in the aspects of the printing material and price, etc. 3D printer will become an important manufacturing method in manufacturing industry in the future.

Development of 3D printer (Process of Invention, Evaluation and Patent Issues of Stereolithography)

Development of 3D printer (Process of Invention, Evaluation and Patent Issues of Stereolithography)

Recent Trend in Development of 3D Printer

Recent Trend in Development of 3D Printer