Development Of Methodology Research Articles

Copper-Catalyzed Remote Regio- and Enantioselective Yne-Allylic Substitution of Coumarins.

Chiral coumarins and their derivatives are prominent bioactive structural units present in a wide range of natural products and pharmaceutical candidates. Therefore, the development of straightforward and efficient methodologies for the synthesis of readily functionalized chiral coumarins is of significant interest. Herein we report an enantioselective copper-catalyzed yne-allylic substitution of coumarins, resulting in a highly regioselective synthesis of diverse new classes of chiral coumarin derivatives with high efficiency and excellent functional group tolerance. Subsequent versatile transformations further demonstrate the substantial synthetic potential of this strategy in the field of biochemical research.

Upcoming Italian clinical practice guidelines on endoscopic bariatric treatment of overweight and obesity: design and methodological aspects.

Obesity/overweight and its complications are a growing problem in many countries. Italian Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery for Obesity (Società Italiana di Chirurgia dell'Obesità e delle Malattie Metaboliche-SICOB) decided to develop the first Italian guidelines for the endoscopic bariatric treatment of obesity. The creation of SICOB Guidelines is based on an extended work made by a panel of 44 members and a coordinator. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology has been used to decide the aims, reference population, and target health professionals. Clinical questions have been created using the PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, outcome) conceptual framework. We will perform systematic reviews, formal meta-analyses, and network meta-analyses for each PICO and critical outcomes aimed at assessing and rating the efficacy and safety of endoscopic bariatric procedures in comparison with either no interventions, lifestyle interventions, or approved anti-obesity treatments in trials with a follow-up of at least 52 weeks. For PICO on temporary endoscopic bariatric treatments, we will also consider RCT with a minimum duration of 6 months. The panel proposed 8 questions, organized into four domains: A. Indication for endoscopic bariatric surgery; B. Revisional surgery; C. Temporary gastric and duodenal-jejunal procedures; D. Endoscopic diagnosis/treatment of bariatric and metabolic surgery complications. These guidelines will apply to patients aged ≥ 14 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2 and requiring endoscopic bariatric surgery or endoscopic diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures. The areas covered by the clinical questions included indications of endoscopic bariatric surgery, types of surgery, revisional surgery, and management of bariatric and metabolic surgery complications.

Adapting an environmental impact assessment method for open pit mines in Myanmar: A modified semi-mathematical Folchi approach

Since 1970, the global adoption of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has fostered the development of multiple EIA methodologies, ranging from sample techniques to scientific approaches, for assessing environmental impacts. These methodologies encompass diverse models such as Ad hoc, matrices, checklist, network, overlay, mathematical, simulation, and dispersion models. Among these, the Folchi method is one of the quantitative matrix methods, assigning magnitudes to each impacting factor based on different possible scenarios. In this method, a matrix consisting of weighting factors is systematically utilized to quantify and standardize the effect of each impacting factor on various environmental components. Myanmar, as a developing nation that has recently implemented EIA practices, has encountered significant challenges in the realm of EIA, particularly concerning methodologies for impact evaluation, assessment, and the formulation of effective mitigation measures for various development projects. To address these challenges, this study introduces an adapted semi-mathematical Folchi EIA method, demonstrating its application in open-pit mines across Myanmar. Adjustments were made to integrate domestic environmental guidelines and EIA procedures, often overlooked in previous studies. The assessment of impact magnitude prioritizes sensitivity, project type and size, and pollution thresholds. Additionally, the correlation weights (nil, minimum, medium, maximum) between impact factors and environmental components were also adjusted based on the project's nature and regional conditions. The findings of this study revealed both positive and negative environmental impacts associated with the four case study mines. Decision-makers and stakeholders can utilize this approach in decision making process, advancing sustainable development. With suitable adaptation, this approach can facilitate a rapid and comprehensive assessment of diverse environmental and social impacts associated with various development projects in the country.

Non-Equilibrium Enhancement of Classical Information Transmission

Information transmission plays a crucial role across various fields, including physics, engineering, biology, and society. The efficiency of this transmission is quantified by mutual information and its associated information capacity. While studies in closed systems have yielded significant progress, understanding the impact of non-equilibrium effects on open systems remains a challenge. These effects, characterized by the exchange of energy, information, and materials with the external environment, can influence both mutual information and information capacity. Here, we delve into this challenge by exploring non-equilibrium effects using the memoryless channel model, a cornerstone of information channel coding theories and methodology development. Our findings reveal that mutual information exhibits a convex relationship with non-equilibriumness, quantified by the non-equilibrium strength in transmission probabilities. Notably, channel information capacity is enhanced by non-equilibrium effects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that non-equilibrium thermodynamic cost, characterized by the entropy production rate, can actually improve both mutual information and information channel capacity, leading to a boost in overall information transmission efficiency. Our numerical results support our conclusions.

Mixed Methods Approaches: Structures and Methodologies for Cumulative Impact Assessment Development

Mixed Methods Approaches: Structures and Methodologies for Cumulative Impact Assessment Development

Using Convolutional Neural Network to Determine Time Window for Analyzing Local Shear-Wave Splitting Measurements

Abstract The time window for analyzing local shear-wave splitting (SWS) phases significantly affects the quality of measurements, revealing a noteworthy domain influence. In this study, an approach using convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to determine the end of time window (e), which has a similar idea of the phase-picking CNNs. The start of time window is 0.5 s before e. Our data set contains 803 human-labeled measurements, recorded from three stations located in Ridgecrest, California. These measurements are foreshocks and aftershocks of an M 7.1 earthquake on 6 July 2019. After 21 times shifting on each measurement, 90% of the data set is applied as the training data set, with the remaining 10% as the testing data set. The performance of CNN with the testing data set is compared with a nonmachine learning method, multiple filter automatic splitting technique (MFAST). The results reveal that the CNN yields more similar results with human-labeled outcomes than MFAST, as evidenced by lower absolute error and standard deviation for e, SWS time, the orientation of fast-wave polarization, and more consistent results on the map. The CNN also performs well when applied to data recorded by a station in Parkfield, California. This study shows the outstanding performance of CNN in picking the time window and the reliable automatic determination of this time window, and it is also a crucial step for future development of automatic ranking methodologies.

2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Guideline for the Screening and Monitoring of Interstitial Lung Disease in People with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.

We provide evidence-based recommendations regarding screening for interstitial lung disease (ILD) and the monitoring for ILD progression in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), specifically rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, mixed connective tissue disease, and Sjögren disease. We developed clinically relevant population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes questions related to screening and monitoring for ILD in patients with SARDs. A systematic literature review was performed, and the available evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. A Voting Panel of interdisciplinary clinician experts and patients achieved consensus on the direction and strength of each recommendation. Fifteen recommendations were developed. For screening people with these SARDs at risk for ILD, we conditionally recommend pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and high-resolution computed tomography of the chest (HRCT chest); conditionally recommend against screening with 6-minute walk test distance (6MWD), chest radiography, ambulatory desaturation testing, or bronchoscopy; and strongly recommend against screening with surgical lung biopsy. We conditionally recommend monitoring ILD with PFTs, HRCT chest, and ambulatory desaturation testing and conditionally recommend against monitoring with 6MWD, chest radiography, or bronchoscopy. We provide guidance on ILD risk factors and suggestions on frequency of testing to evaluate for the development of ILD in people with SARDs. This clinical practice guideline presents the first recommendations endorsed by the American College of Rheumatology and American College of Chest Physicians for the screening and monitoring of ILD in people with SARDs.

2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Guideline for the Screening and Monitoring of Interstitial Lung Disease in People with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.

We provide evidence-based recommendations regarding screening for interstitial lung disease (ILD) and the monitoring for ILD progression in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), specifically rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, mixed connective tissue disease, and Sjögren disease. We developed clinically relevant population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes questions related to screening and monitoring for ILD in patients with SARDs. A systematic literature review was performed, and the available evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. A Voting Panel of interdisciplinary clinician experts and patients achieved consensus on the direction and strength of each recommendation. Fifteen recommendations were developed. For screening people with these SARDs at risk for ILD, we conditionally recommend pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and high-resolution computed tomography of the chest (HRCT chest); conditionally recommend against screening with 6-minute walk test distance (6MWD), chest radiography, ambulatory desaturation testing, or bronchoscopy; and strongly recommend against screening with surgical lung biopsy. We conditionally recommend monitoring ILD with PFTs, HRCT chest, and ambulatory desaturation testing and conditionally recommend against monitoring with 6MWD, chest radiography, or bronchoscopy. We provide guidance on ILD risk factors and suggestions on frequency of testing to evaluate for the development of ILD in people with SARDs. This clinical practice guideline presents the first recommendations endorsed by the American College of Rheumatology and American College of Chest Physicians for the screening and monitoring of ILD in people with SARDs.

2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Guideline for the Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease in People with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.

We provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the treatment of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in adults with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). We developed clinically relevant population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes questions. A systematic literature review was then performed, and the available evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. A panel of clinicians and patients reached consensus on the direction and strength of the recommendations. Thirty-five recommendations were generated (including two strong recommendations) for first-line SARD-ILD treatment, treatment of SARD-ILD progression despite first-line ILD therapy, and treatment of rapidly progressive ILD. The strong recommendations were against using glucocorticoids in systemic sclerosis-ILD as a first-line ILD therapy and after ILD progression. Otherwise, glucocorticoids are conditionally recommended for first-line ILD treatment in all other SARDs. This clinical practice guideline presents the first recommendations endorsed by the American College of Rheumatology and American College of Chest Physicians for the treatment of ILD in people with SARDs.

2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Guideline for the Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease in People with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.

We provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the treatment of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in adults with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). We developed clinically relevant population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes questions. A systematic literature review was then performed, and the available evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. A panel of clinicians and patients reached consensus on the direction and strength of the recommendations. Thirty-five recommendations were generated (including two strong recommendations) for first-line SARD-ILD treatment, treatment of SARD-ILD progression despite first-line ILD therapy, and treatment of rapidly progressive ILD. The strong recommendations were against using glucocorticoids in systemic sclerosis-ILD as a first-line ILD therapy and after ILD progression. Otherwise, glucocorticoids are conditionally recommended for first-line ILD treatment in all other SARDs. This clinical practice guideline presents the first recommendations endorsed by the American College of Rheumatology and American College of Chest Physicians for the treatment of ILD in people with SARDs.

Macro Ethics Principles for Responsible AI Systems: Taxonomy and Directions

Responsible AI must be able to make or support decisions that consider human values and can be justified by human morals. Accommodating values and morals in responsible decision making is supported by adopting a perspective of macro ethics , which views ethics through a holistic lens incorporating social context. Normative ethical principles inferred from philosophy can be used to methodically reason about ethics and make ethical judgements in specific contexts. Operationalising normative ethical principles thus promotes responsible reasoning under the perspective of macro ethics. We survey AI and computer science literature and develop a taxonomy of 21 normative ethical principles which can be operationalised in AI. We describe how each principle has previously been operationalised, highlighting key themes that AI practitioners seeking to implement ethical principles should be aware of. We envision that this taxonomy will facilitate the development of methodologies to incorporate normative ethical principles in reasoning capacities of responsible AI systems.

On some aspects of studying the topic «Russia: trials and heroes» within the framework of the discipline «Fundamentals of Russian Statehood»

The article considers the issue of teaching the new course «Fundamentals of Russian Statehood», which has been introduced everywhere into the programs of universities in the country only since 2023, which determines its relevance. The authors are trying to solve the problem: how to awaken a sense of patriotism in young people, convey to them the values of Russian civilization and do this in a way that does not cause rejection or resistance?The goal of the research is to find a theoretical and methodological basis for sensitive, but at the same time effective teaching of the discipline «Fundamentals of Russian Statehood» and to demonstrate the chosen pedagogical strategy using the example of studying the topic «Russia: Trials and Heroes».The authors of the article, using methods of semantic and structural analysis, have formed an ideological framework and set the logic for selecting material, which allows them to provide the necessary information within the chosen topic in a targeted and orderly manner.The result of the research was methodological recommendations and materials for studying the topic «Russia: trials and heroes». In order to avoid a moralizing tone and excessive pathos, it has been proposed to adhere to such pedagogical principles and techniques as focusing on dialogue, relying on previously formed knowledge and ideas, searching for connections between this topic and modernity and professional interests that are relevant for certain groups of students.The Conclusions. The article has a clear practical focus. It presents methodological developments, including, among other things, a logically structured plan and specific tasks on the topic «Russia: trials and heroes».

Guiding Principles for Evaluating Vaccines in Joint Health Technology Assessment in the European Union: Preparing for the EU’s Regulation on HTA for Vaccines

ObjectivesThe appraisal of vaccines in the European Union (EU) currently involves many different decision-making bodies and processes. The objective of this study was to help inform the development of standardized methodology and vaccine-specific processes for use in the EU Regulation on health technology assessment (HTA). MethodsLiterature reviews and expert consultation were conducted to identify current practices and gaps related to vaccine appraisals and to develop guiding principles for the joint clinical assessment of vaccines. ResultsWe found that significant variation exists across the EU Member States in the decision-making processes when clinically evaluating vaccines. Three guiding principles consisting of 13 recommendations were developed to help inform the development of decision-making frameworks for the joint clinical assessment of vaccines in the EU: (1) Support the creation of appropriate terminology and measurements for clinical appraisals of vaccines; (2) Develop inclusive, timely, and transparent vaccine appraisal processes to support stronger evidence generation for vaccine decision-making and appraisal; and (3) Improve the collection and interoperability of real-world data, including robust surveillance, to foster evidence generation and support the standardization of vaccine clinical appraisals. ConclusionsGiven the significance of vaccines for public health, there is an urgency to develop standardized and vaccine-specific methodologies and processes for use in the EU joint HTA framework. The proposed guiding principles could support the effective implementation of the EU Regulation on HTA for vaccines and have the potential to ensure consistent, transparent, and timely access to new vaccines in the EU.

Phonon mode at interface and its impact on interfacial thermal transport.

Due to the minimization and integration of micro/nano-devices, the high density of interfaces becomes a significant challenge in various applications. Phonon modes at interface resulting from the mismatch between inhomogeneous functional counterparts are crucial for interfacial thermal transport and overall thermal management of micro/nano-devices, making it a topic of great research interest recently. Here, we comprehensively review the recent advances on the theoretical and experimental investigations of interfacial phonon mode and its impact on interfacial thermal transport. Firstly, we summarize the recent progresses of the theoretical and experimental characterization of interfacial phonon modes at various interfaces, along with the overview of the development of diverse methodologies. Then, the impact of interfacial phonon modes on interfacial thermal transport process are discussed from the normal modal decomposition and inelastic scattering mechanisms. Meanwhile, we examine various factors influencing the interfacial phonon modes and interfacial thermal transport, including temperature, interface roughness, interfacial mass gradient, interfacial disorder, and so on. Finally, an outlook is provided for future studies. This review provides a fundamental understanding of interfacial phonon modes and its impact on interfacial thermal transport, which would be beneficial for the exploration and optimization of thermal management in various micro/nano-devices with high density interfaces.&#xD.

Identifying assessment criteria for in vitro studies: a method and item bank.

To support the development of appraisal tools for assessing the quality of in vitro studies, we developed a method for literature-based discovery of study assessment criteria, used the method to create an item bank of assessment criteria of potential relevance to in vitro studies, and analyzed the item bank to discern and critique current approaches for appraisal of in vitro studies. We searched four research indexes and included any document that identified itself as an appraisal tool for in vitro studies, was a systematic review that included a critical appraisal step, or was a reporting checklist for in vitro studies. We abstracted, normalized, and categorized all criteria applied by the included appraisal tools to create an "item bank" database of issues relevant to the assessment of in vitro studies. The resulting item bank consists of 676 unique appraisal concepts from 67 appraisal tools. We believe this item bank is the single most comprehensive resource of its type to date, should be of high utility for future tool development exercises, and provides a robust methodology for grounding tool development in the existing literature. While we set out to develop an item bank specifically targeting in vitro studies, we found that many of the assessment concepts we discovered are readily applicable to other study designs. Item banks can be of significant value as a resource; however, there are important challenges in developing, maintaining, and extending them of which researchers should be aware.

Fundamentals of Targeted Integrative Program Development for Rural Labor Market Growth in Surplus Regions

This article introduces a systematic approach for developing a targeted comprehensive program aimed at enhancing the rural labor market (TCPDRLM) in labor-surplus regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, within a socially oriented market economy. The paper outlines key interconnected principles for the development of TCPDRLM, including target orientation, complexity, integration, specificity, variability, realism, optimality, priority, delineation of powers and functions, limitations, targeting, controllability, and interconnectedness. Based on these principles, the article proposes interrelated sections for the program’s development, covering analytical and problematic aspects, target delineation, scientific and methodological frameworks, information management, modeling, software development, resource allocation, organizational and economic structuring, summary formulation, and legal considerations. Additionally, the article details the primary stages of TCPDRLM development, including setting objectives for the rural labor market (RLM), developing methodological and modeling frameworks for RLM analysis and forecasting, collecting statistical, marketing, and sociological data, compiling the TCPDRLM subprograms, obtaining approval for the RLM development program, and establishing organizational, economic, and legal mechanisms for program implementation and adjustment. The article's scientific contribution lies in the formulated methodology for TCPDRLM development in the rural labor market.

Dual Nickel- and Photoredox-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Cross-Couplings: Just a Change of the Reduction System?

ConspectusIn recent years, nickel-catalyzed asymmetric coupling reactions have emerged as efficient methods for constructing chiral C(sp3) carbon centers. Numerous novel approaches have been reported to rapidly construct chiral carbon-carbon bonds through nickel-catalyzed asymmetric couplings between electrophiles and nucleophiles or asymmetric reductive cross-couplings of two different electrophiles. Building upon these advances, our group has been devoted to interrogating dual nickel- and photoredox-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross-coupling reactions.In our endeavors over the past few years, we have successfully developed several dual Ni-/photoredox-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross-coupling reactions involving organohalides. While some probably think that this system is just a change of the reduction system from traditional metal reductants to a photocatalysis system, a question that we also pondered at the beginning of our studies, both the achievable reaction types and mechanisms suggest a different conclusion: that this dual catalysis system has its own advantages in the chiral carbon-carbon bond formation. Even in certain asymmetric reactions where the photocatalysis regime functions only as a reducing system, the robust reducing capability of photocatalysts can effectively accelerate the regeneration of low-valent nickel species, thus expanding the selectable scope of chiral ligands. More importantly, in many transformations, besides reducing nickel catalysts, the photocatalysis system can also undertake the responsibility of alkyl radical formation, thereby establishing two coordinated, yet independent catalytic cycles. This catalytic mode has been proven to play a crucial role in achieving diverse asymmetric coupling reactions with great challenges.In this Account, we elucidate our understanding of this system based on our experience and findings. In the Introduction, we provide an overview of the main distinctions between this system and traditional Ni-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross-couplings with metal reductants and the potential opportunities arising from these differences. Subsequently, we outline various chiral carbon-carbon bond-forming types obtained by this dual Ni/photoredox catalysis system and their mechanisms. In terms of chiral C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond formation, extensive discussion focuses on the asymmetric arylations of α-chloroboronates, α-trifluoromethyl alkyl bromides, α-bromophosphonates, and so on. In the realm of chiral C(sp3)-C(sp) bond formation, asymmetric alkynylations of α-bromophosphonates and α-trifluoromethyl alkyl bromides have been presented herein. Regarding C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation, we take the asymmetric alkylation of α-chloroboronates as a compelling example to illustrate the great efficiency of this dual catalysis system. This summary would enable a better grasp of the advantages of this dual catalysis system and clarify how the photocatalysis regime facilitates enantioselective transformations. We anticipate that this Account will offer valuable insights and contribute to the development of new methodologies in this field.

A nurse-led model of care to improve access to contraception and abortion in rural general practice: Co-design with consumers and providers.

To describe key features of a co-designed nurse-led model of care intended to improve access to early medication abortion and long-acting reversible contraception in rural Australian general practice. Co-design methodology informed by the Experience-Based Co-Design Framework. Consumers, nurses, physicians and key women's health stakeholders participated in a co-design workshop focused on the patient journey in seeking contraception or abortion care. Data generated at the workshop were analysed using Braun and Clarkes' six-step process for thematic analysis. Fifty-two participants took part in the co-design workshop. Key recommendations regarding setting up the model included: raising awareness of the early medication abortion and contraceptive implant services, providing flexible booking options, ensuring appointment availability, providing training for reception staff and fostering good relationships with relevant local services. Recommendations for implementing the model were also identified, including the provision of accessible information, patient-approved communication processes that ensure privacy and safety, establishing roles and responsibilities, supporting consumer autonomy and having clear pathways for referrals and complications. Our approach to experience-based co-design ensured that consumer experiences, values and priorities, together with practitioner insights, were central to the development of a nurse-led model of care. The co-designed nurse-led model of care for contraception and medication abortion is one strategy to increase access to these essential reproductive health services, particularly in rural areas, while providing an opportunity for nurses to work to their full scope of practice. Nurse-led care has gained global recognition as an effective strategy to promote equitable access to sexual and reproductive healthcare. Still, nurse-led contraception and abortion have yet to be implemented andevaluated in Australian general practice. This study will inform the model of care to be implemented and evaluated as part of the ORIENT trial to be completed in 2025. Reported in line with the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. Two consumer representatives contributed to the development of the co-design methodology as members of the ORIENT Intervention Advisory Group Governance Committee.

Semantic clustering method using integration of advanced LDA algorithm and BERT algorithm

The subject of the study is an in-depth semantic data analysis based on the modification of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) methodology and its integration with the bidirectional encoding representation of transformers (BERT). Relevance. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a fundamental topic modeling technique that is widely used in a variety of text analysis applications. Although its usefulness is widely recognized, traditional LDA models often face limitations, such as a rigid distribution of topics and inadequate representation of semantic nuances inherent in natural language. The purpose and main idea of the study is to improve the adequacy and accuracy of semantic analysis by improving the basic LDA mechanism that integrates adaptive Dirichlet priorities and exploits the deep semantic capabilities of BERT embeddings. Research methods: 1) selection of textual datasets; 2) data preprocessing steps; 3) improvement of the LDA algorithm; 4) integration with BERT Embeddings; 5) comparative analysis. Research objectives: 1) theoretical substantiation of LDA modification; 2) implementation of integration with BERT; 3) evaluation of the method efficiency; 4) comparative analysis; 5) development of an architectural solution. The results of the research are that, first of all, the theoretical foundations of both the standard and modified LDA models are outlined, and their extended formula is presented in detail. Through a series of experiments on text datasets characterized by different emotional states, we emphasize the key advantages of the proposed approach. Based on a comparative analysis of such indicators as intra- and inter-cluster distances and silhouette coefficient, we prove the increased coherence, interpretability, and adaptability of the modified LDA model. An architectural solution for implementing the method is proposed. Conclusions. The empirical results indicate a significant improvement in the detection of subtle complexities and thematic structures in textual data, which is a step in the evolutionary development of thematic modeling methodologies. In addition, the results of the research not only open up the possibility of applying LDA to more complex linguistic scenarios, but also outline ways to further improve them for unsupervised text analysis.

A Review of Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies and Their Impact on Clinical Research: Assessing Clinical Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness

In contrast to microarray methods, sequence-based technologies directly determine the nucleic acid sequence. A number of modern sequencing technologies are referred to collectively as "next-generation sequencing" (NGS), often known as "high-throughput sequencing." Compared to conventional Sanger sequencing, NGS gives orders of magnitude more data at a much lower ongoing cost. These new technologies allow for much faster and more affordable sequencing of DNA and RNA, revolutionizing the study of genomics and molecular biology. Technical improvements in NGS sequencing methods have rapidly increased sequencing volume to several billion nucleotides within a short period and at a reasonable cost. Currently, NGS is developing into a molecular microscope that is permeating almost all areas of biological research. The last ten years have seen the development of NGS platforms and methodologies, and the quality of the sequences has increased to the point where NGS is now utilized in human clinical diagnosis. Due to significant cost reductions and greater community acceptance of NGS, the utilization of NGS techniques in studying clinical trials has significantly increased. NGS is a useful tool for detecting mutations in people with cancer and genetic abnormalities. To ascertain whether NGS can cost-effectively improve patient outcomes, more thorough cost-effectiveness studies of NGS applied to patient care management are required.