Development Of Anticipation Research Articles

Empowerment of Local Government Officials in Managing Waste to Support Sustainable Development (Case Study in Lebak Regency)

The circular economy emerged as a response to the aspiration to realize sustainable development in anticipation of production and consumption pressures on natural resources and the environment. In this economic system concept, waste management is carried out optimally, where the result of recycling waste will be a value-added product while reducing waste residue. The objectives of the community service program are to provide solutions to waste management problems in Lebak Regency, provide alternative business development using appropriate technology so that there is an increase in the economy of the community in Lebak Regency, and at the same time, build disciplined behavior in maintaining the environment. This service method uses Participatory Action Research (PAR), which involves community members as co-researchers in identifying educational needs, developing strategies, and implementing solutions. Furthermore, the method used was through the delivery of socialization to participants in a hybrid manner. The socialization material includes (i) the importance of waste processing, (ii) how to sort waste, and (iii) economic added value from waste processing. The results of community service are in the form of solving problems the community faces by utilizing the expertise of relevant academicians related to waste management in Lebak Regency, West Java. Furthermore, the implication of this community service is to increase literacy and awareness among government officials about adequate waste management so that they can manage waste in their areas to reduce the negative impact of landfills.

The development of perceptual-cognitive skills in youth volleyball players

ABSTRACT In many sports, elite players outperform novices on tests for perceptual-cognitive skills, such as anticipation, decision-making and pattern recall. However, the developmental trajectory of these perceptual-cognitive skills has received limited attention. Therefore, this study examined the development of anticipation, decision-making and pattern recall in 202 female volleyball players aged between 7 and 26 years old. Participants were categorized into six age groups: U9, U11, U13, U15, U17 and Seniors. Using a video-based occlusion protocol, we assessed participants’ ability to predict pass direction, decide the most optimal attack zone, or recall the opponents’ defence positions. The results demonstrated that U17 and adult players had superior accuracy and shorter response times than younger players on all three tests. Notably, U9 players performed worse than older players on all tests. Binomial distributions showed that decision-making was above chance for U17 players and adults, whereas anticipation was above chance for almost all players. Our findings indicate that age-related improvements of perceptual-cognitive skills are evident at 11 years old. However, decision-making seems to develop considerably later than anticipation and pattern recall, suggesting different developmental trajectories for the different perceptual-cognitive skills. Longitudinal research regarding the development of perceptual-cognitive skills and their underlying mechanisms is warranted, as this could have important implications for talent detection and development.

Опанувальна поведінка та здатність до антиципування у молоді в соціальних мережах

The article proposes socio-psychological program for the development of anticipation of personality in terms of life changes, based on the principles of interconnection, continuous variability, dynamic equilibrium, irreversibility, relativity, self-organization, expansion, structuring, situational expediency, and differentiation in correctional development -, socio- and pathogenesis of the subjects. A significant increase in the level of personal-situational, spatial, general anticipatory ability in groups of young people and youth, increase in their internality of subjective control, general meaningfulness of life, focus on goals and effectiveness of life and the positive impact of these variables on prognostic competence and level of social maturity. According to the results of approbation and implementation of the program, the increase of attachment capacity is determined by its personal-situational and general components; dynamics of semantic systems at the content, structural, value, functional levels; constructive life strategies and internality, as well as the flexibility of coping behavior of the subjects in middle and late adulthood, which helped to increase their psychological well-being. The correctional and developmental work carried out within the program allowed to increase the level of anticipation ability in persons with manifestations of social maladaptation (according to the considered nosology), which ultimately affected the growth of achievement motivation, activity of life strategies; significant reduction of disintegration between value and accessibility in various spheres of life; multivariate forecasting and planning of events, in particular in the context of life changes, and to improve their social functioning in general. Key words: personality, mastery behavior, anticipation, social networks.

CSR in Ghana’s gold-mining sector: Assessing expectations and perceptions of performance with institutional and stakeholder lenses

PurposeThis article examines community expectations and perceptions of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of a multinational mining company following a unique incident of cyanide spillage from a tailings (processed ore effluents) storage facility. CSR remains a critical component of stakeholder management in developing countries due to the continuous environmental and social impacts of mining development. The article employs the stakeholder and institutional theories to assess the CSR manifestations of a large-scale mining company in the context of pressures at the plant level.Design/methodology/approachWe employ a mixed method design using survey and stakeholder interviews to collect, analyse, and present findings within legal, ethical, and discretionary CSR categories. The survey data were statistically analysed by calculating the standard deviations of the three CSR dimensions to compare and understand the data variations in respect of the perception ratings of respondents on a four-point Likert scale, while interview data was evaluated using an inductive approach based on thematic networks.FindingsThe findings suggest that unfulfilled expectations for employment generate wider consensus towards demands to share in mining benefits based on rising perceptions of inequity and social exclusion. Additionally, host communities within farming areas engage in speculative development in anticipation of CSR-related compensation resulting in a homogenised expectation. Further, this study reveals that reactive CSR practices are interpreted as both insincere and patronising, contributing to a negative perception of mining activities in affected communities.Research limitations/implicationsAs a single-case study, the findings may be inadequate for theoretical generalisations and therefore limited to the context of the study.ImplicationsRethinking stakeholder and institutional theories, and exploring new assumptions in the context of the mining industry in Ghana, may expand the current discourse within the academic, corporate, and statutory communities.ContributionThis study adds to and expands the assumptions of stakeholder and institutional theories in a mining context within local communities. It may also improve the knowledge of managers of large-scale mining companies on effective stakeholder management.

Participatie in circulaire gebiedsontwikkeling

We analyze two citizen collectives of city makers who have shaped participation in circular area development in anticipation of the Dutch Environment and Planning Act. The activities of professional city-makers form an interesting new phenomenon that requires attention as well as the implications: it is precisely through the professionalism of the city-makers’ efforts that there is a regular tension in the participation process between their role as citizen and professional in their contact with the government. We therefore discuss in what follows how the participation of professional city-makers in area development exposes different paradoxes that must be taken into account in the further implementation of the Environment and Planning Act. In short, we argue that participation in the Act is presented in a traditional way and does not fit the new role of citizens in area development in the 21st century.

PROBABLE FORECASTING IN THE COURSE OF INTERPRETING

Introduction . Translation practice has a heuristic nature and involves cognitive structures of consciousness of any interpreter. When preparing translators, special attention is paid to the development of their skill of probable forecasting. The aim of the present publication is to understand the process of anticipation from the position of the cognitive model of translation, development of exercises aimed at the development of prognostic abilities of students and interpreters when working with newspaper articles, containing metaphorical headlines. Methodology and research methods . The study is based on the competence approach to the training of students-translators, the complex of interrelated scientific methods, the main of which is the psycholinguistic experiment. With the use of quantitative data the features of the perception of newspaper texts on their metaphorical titles are characterized. Results and scientific novelty . On the basis of the conducted experiment to predict the content of newspaper articles with metaphorical headlines it is concluded that the main condition of predictability is the expectation. Probable forecasting as a professional competence of a future translator is formed in the process of training activities by integrating efforts of various departments of any language university. Specific exercises for the development of anticipation of students while studying the course of translation and interpretation are offered. Practical significance . The results of the study can be used by foreign language teachers of both language and non-language universities in teaching students of different specialties to translate foreign texts.

Balikpapan: Urban planning and development in anticipation of the post-oil industry era

Balikpapan has grown to become one of the most important cities in Indonesia, due to its oil industry. However, with the decline in oil production and the global decrease in oil prices, the city has attempted to diversify its industrial and service activity economy. This paper assesses three key factors underlying this transformation: public policies and regulations, urban infrastructure, and knowledge creation and utilisation. Future opportunities and challenges the city may face are also discussed. In the light of urban planning and development perspectives, this study can become a lesson for other cities, especially in developing countries, which some of them may overly rely on natural resources-based economy, to anticipate the transition period after an economic boom due to natural resource endowment and its price decrease.

Real estate development in anticipation of the Green Line light rail transit in St. Paul

Although previous studies have extensively explored the impacts of rail transit on economic development after its opening, few have examined its impact on real estate development before its opening. Using the building permit data of the city of St. Paul, this study investigates the effects of key announcements of the Green Line light rail transit (LRT) by employing location quotient analysis and difference-in-difference models to compare building activity in the LRT corridor and control corridors. We found that the announcement of preliminary engineering had no positive impacts on the count and value of building permits whereas the announcement of Full Funding Grant Agreement tended to increase the number of building permit by about 24% and the value by 80%. We concluded that LRT investment, in conjunction with proactive land use planning policies, public subsidies and public funded projects, increases building activity.

Broad, weak 21 cm absorption in an early-type galaxy: spectral line finding and parametrization for future surveys

We report conclusive verification of the detection of associated HI 21 cm absorption in the early-type host galaxy of the compact radio source PMNJ2054-4242. We estimate an effective spectral line velocity width of 418 +/- 20 km s^{-1} and observed peak optical depth of 2.5 +/- 0.2 per cent, making this one of the broadest and weakest 21 cm absorption lines yet detected. For T_{spin}/f > 100 K the atomic neutral hydrogen column density is N_{HI} > 2 x 10^{21} cm^{-2}. The observed spectral line profile is redshifted by 187 +/- 46 km s^{-1}, with respect to the optical spectroscopic measurement, perhaps indicating that the HI gas is infalling towards the central active galactic nucleus. Our initial tentative detection would likely have been dismissed by visual inspection, and hence its verification here is an excellent test of our spectral line detection technique, currently under development in anticipation of future next-generation 21 cm absorption-line surveys.

Scaling Properties of the Combined ICD-10 Dependence and Harms Criteria and Comparisons With DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder Criteria Among Patients in the Emergency Department

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV), and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Edition (ICD-10), alcohol use disorders (AUDs) classifications offer competing and somewhat overlapping diagnostic tools for assessing alcohol dependence and harms/abuse. Both systems are in active stages of development in anticipation of their next respective iterations. Although much psychometric work has been done studying DSM-IV criteria, efforts toward the ICD-11 have been less prevalent. Data from 3,191 drinkers in seven emergency department sites in four countries (United States, Mexico, Argentina, and Poland) were used to study the psychometric properties of the combined ICD-10 dependence and harms criteria. Comparisons with the proposed set of DSM-5 criteria and diagnostic thresholds are also included. Item response theory analyses of the combined ICD-10 dependence and harms criteria suggested a single underlying factor, both overall and for each site separately, with only moderate differential item functioning across sites. Overall agreement between the summative combined ICD-10 dependence and harms criteria and the proposed 11-criteria DSM-5 scale was very high (r = .97), as was agreement between proposed diagnostic threshold levels of 0-1 (negative AUD), 2-3 (moderate AUD), and 4 or more (severe AUD) criteria endorsed (κ = .84). Although disagreement between the two three-level diagnoses was only 5.5% of the sample, a majority of these were because of differences between endorsement rates of abuse versus harms criteria. Although there is support for efforts to align the two schemes, results are consistent with other studies finding the largest differences between the two systems emanating from differences between the abuse and harms domains. More research is needed before differences between the two systems can be reconciled.

The Development of Anticipation: A Cross-Sectional Examination of the Practice Experiences Contributing to Skill in Cricket Batting

The link between the anticipation skills of cricket batsmen and their practice histories was examined. Skilled and lesser skilled batsmen of U15, U20, and adult age completed a temporal occlusion task, in which they were required to use prerelease kinematic information to predict the type and length of delivery being bowled, and a structured interview, in which their accumulated hours of experience in organized and unorganized sporting activities were estimated. Skilled adult and U20 players showed an ability to use prerelease kinematic information to anticipate ball type that was not evident among any other group, and skilled players of all ages were distinguishable in terms of their accumulated hours of cricket-specific experience. Hours of cricket-specific practice, however, explained only a modest percentage of the variance in anticipatory skill. Discussion focuses upon future refinements to the measurement of anticipation and practice history plus the role that variables other than the quantum of cricket experience may play in developing anticipation.

Concurrent chemotherapy plus cetuximab or chemotherapy followed by cetuximab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A randomized phase II selectional trial SWOG 0342

7015 Background: Randomized clinical trials have failed to show a survival benefit for small molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. In contrast, pilot trials of EGFR targeted antibodies plus chemotherapy have suggested enhanced anti-tumor activity. This large randomized phase II trial was designed to select a cetuximab -chemotherapy regimen for future evaluation in a phase III setting. Methods: Untreated patients (pts) with stage IIIB (by pleural effusion) or IV (without brain metastases) NSCLC, with a performance status of 0–1 and adequate organ function were randomized to received paclitaxel (P) 225 mg/m2 and carboplatin (Cb) AUC=6 every 3 weeks plus cetuximab (C) 400 mg/m2 loading dose followed by 250 mg/m2, weekly for 4 cycles followed by maintenance C or the same doses of PCb for 4 cycles followed by C. C was continued until disease progression or 1 year of therapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival; the statistical design required a median survival of ≥ 10 months for a regimen to be selected for subsequent phase III trial evaluation. The probability of correctly choosing the superior arm is 91% when the true hazard ratio is 1.3. Results: From July 2004 to June 2005, 225 eligible pts were enrolled into the study. Preliminary results are described below: Conclusions: At the time of this analysis, efficacy and toxicity were similar in the two treatment arms; both regimens were well tolerated. Assuming these results are sustained, the concurrent regimen of PCb + cetuximab has met the criteria for continued evaluation. A phase II trial of PCb + cetuximab + bevacizumab (B) is in development in anticipation of a phase III trial testing PCbB ± cetuximab. Molecular correlative studies of the EGFR signaling pathway are ongoing. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

Food cues and gonadal development in neotropical spotted antbirds (Hylophylax naevioides)

Most temperate-zone birds live in environments with a regular seasonality, and primarily use the long-term changes in photoperiod as a cue to initiate gonadal development in anticipation of the breeding season. Short-term cues such as food and temperature are later used to fine-tune the rate of gonadal development to local conditions. Many tropical habitats are seasonal, but the timing of the seasons (e.g., rainy season) can vary considerably between years. We hypothesize that to time breeding in environments with seasonal variability, tropical birds respond to both long-term and short-term environmental cues to initiate gonadal growth. We tested the effectiveness of photoperiod and food cues for the initiation of gonad growth in captive male spotted antbirds (Hylophylax n. naevioides) from Panama. A ‘control’ group was maintained on the short natural photoperiod of 12 h light and 12 h dark (LD 12:12) and adequate food. A ‘food-stimulated’ group was also held on LD 12:12 but received an increase in food quantity and quality. A ‘photo+food-stimulated’ group experienced an increase in daylength by 1 h (LD 13:11, the maximal photoperiod in Panama) and an increase in food quantity and quality. Within 3 weeks testis sizes of ‘food-stimulated’ birds increased significantly, suggesting that food cues alone can initiate gonad development. As expected from the previous experiment, testis sizes of ‘photo+food-stimulated’ birds, but not ‘control’ birds, also increased. We suggest that the capability to respond to both food and photoperiodic cues allows animal the flexibility to adjust reproductive activity to variable environmental conditions each year. Future work should elucidate whether food provides nutritional or non-nutritional cues, and the neurophysiological mechanisms by which food stimulates reproductive activity.

Connaissance du contexte et anticipation posturale chez l'enfant au cours du développement

Summary : Influence of knowledge in postural anticipation in children during development This article examines research on the development of anticipatory postural adjustment (APA). We present first a definition of APA in which the differentiate anticipation of events depending whether there are internal (selfinduced) or external. Studies on the development of APA centered on anticipation of self-inflicted postural destabilization show a progressive integration, in the feed-forward control of posture, of postural perturbations associated to the movement. The development of postural anticipation of an external event requires the subject to know the event's characteristics (for example, the weight of an object to catch). The development of this anticipation during childhood raises several hypotheses about the links between knowledge of context and postural anticipation.

Water exchange of the Stockholm archipelago—a cascade framework modelling approach

The Stockholm archipelago spans roughly a semicircular area with a radius of approximately 60 km, traditionally partitioned into three parts: the inner, the middle and the outer archipelago. This subdivision coincides with differing water exchange regimes. The inner and middle archipelagos are characterised by comparatively larger basins which are interconnected by a limited number of straits. This configuration is well suited for a discrete basin (DB-) model approach by partitioning the area into a set of sub-basins that are only resolved vertically. The advantage of this approach over 3D-models is the possibility for enhanced vertical resolution and improved strait exchange formulation, outweighing the disadvantage of neglected horizontal gradients within the basins. In the inner archipelago the dominating exchange process is estuarine circulation, induced by the marked freshwater discharge and the vertical mixing. In the outer and middle archipelagos the density fluctuations due to Ekman pumping along the Baltic boundary interface produce another type of baroclinic process that clearly dominates. Measurements to adequately resolve these density variations do not exist. Missing forcing data are provided by linking the middle archipelago's boundary straits to a 3D-model of the Baltic with a grid resolution of 0.5 nautical miles (n.m.). This fine resolution model (FR-domain) is in turn driven by the atmospheric forcing and the density variation at the rectangular boundary of the FR-domain which acceptably resolves both the interfacial straits and the outer archipelago's complex hypsography. Massive computing resources would be demanded if the FR-domain were extended to comprise the entire Baltic. The FR-domain is thus interfaced with an existing coarse resolution model of the entire Baltic (CR-domain) with a grid size of 5 n.m., the open boundary of which is located in the Kattegat. This 3-fold model set-up has been run for one whole year (1992) with a one-year spin-up time to make up for the lack of initial data. The model concept is at this stage to be regarded as a framework for further development in anticipation of improved formulations, particularly for the strait exchange formulation. Therefore only primary validation experiments and a few sensitivity analyses have been performed.

Early assessment of medical students' clinical skills.

To provide first-year medical students with a non-threatening, standardized, clinical-skills assessment at the end of the first year (M1CSA), and provide resources to help them build on their strengths and address any weaknesses before starting the second year. Implemented for the first time in April 2001, the M1CSA was designed to help first-year students identify strengths and weaknesses in their developing repertoire of clinical skills. It was composed of five stations (abdominal exam, cardiovascular exam, lung exam, informed consent, social history) and a self-assessment. Each station involved working with a standardized patient (SP), and all SP encounters were videotaped so students could review their work during the self-assessment. The M1CSA was truly formative in nature; there was no passing or failing mark. To help students prepare for the abdominal, cardiovascular, and lung examinations, we distributed via Blackboard(R) an electronic copy of the same exam-skills checklists that the SPs would be using in the exam stations. To facilitate preparation for the social history and informed consent stations, we used Blackboard to provide the scenarios in advance. While students were not allowed to bring these checklists or scenario descriptions into the stations, they did know exactly what was expected. Immediately after each student encounter, SPs completed skills checklists and entered evaluative comments via computer workstations. Upon completing all five stations, students were provided with printouts of the checklists and comments, and proceeded to review their videotapes and write self-assessments indicating specific areas for improvement. Faculty members were available on-site to review portions of the videotapes, answer questions, and offer suggestions. Students also received a resource sheet, which listed faculty members and clinics where they could obtain help developing their clinical skills over the summer months. The M1CSA was designed by a clinical-skills assessment committee and refined through discussion with students. The committee was composed of all four of the first-and second-year clinical skills unit directors, as well as the Patient, Physician & Society course coordinator, the associate dean for medical informatics and computer-assisted learning, the two staff members of Northwestern's Clinical Education and Evaluation Center, the office of medical education's director of evaluation, and the associate dean for education (ex-officio). Students evaluated this first iteration of the M1CSA very positively, and provided useful feedback for making specific improvements. The primary motivation for implementing the M1CSA was the fact that, over the past several years, many students reported starting the second year with considerable uncertainty about their clinical skills. The M1CSA was designed to offer a standardized inventory of students' proficiencies, and to encourage continued development in anticipation of working with real patients in the second year. The content reflects a broad view of clinical skills, encompassing communication and ethics, as well as the physical examination. The formative nature of the M1CSA complements the long-standing M2CSA, which is summative (i.e., students must demonstrate proficiency before beginning clerkships).

Molecular basis of seasonal time measurement in Arabidopsis.

Several organisms have evolved the ability to measure daylength, or photoperiod, allowing them to adjust their development in anticipation of annual seasonal changes. Daylength measurement requires the integration of temporal information, provided by the circadian system, with light/dark discrimination, initiated by specific photoreceptors. Here we demonstrate that in Arabidopsis this integration takes place at the level of CONSTANS (CO) function. CO is a transcriptional activator that accelerates flowering time in long days, at least in part by inducing the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). First, we show that precise clock control of the timing of CO expression, such that it is high during daytime only in long days, is critical for daylength discrimination. We then provide evidence that CO activation of FT expression requires the presence of light perceived through cryptochrome 2 (cry2) or phytochrome A (phyA). We conclude that an external coincidence mechanism, based on the endogenous circadian control of CO messenger RNA levels, and the modulation of CO function by light, constitutes the molecular basis for the regulation of flowering time by daylength in Arabidopsis.

Ready for Practice? The DipSW in Wales

• Summary: This paper sets out key findings from a postal survey of 115 recently qualified social workers who completed the Diploma in Social Work (DipSW) in Wales in 1998 and 1999, together with a telephone survey of a sub-group of 50 of these DipSW leavers, 25 of their workplace supervisors and 25 of their employers. The aim of the study was to explore how adequately the DipSW in Wales prepared trainees for practice, with particular reference to core competences, values, and other identified professional skill areas. The study was funded by CCETSW/TOPSS Cymru. • Findings: The paper reveals that a firm majority of all participants in the study both considered the core competences and values contained within the DipSW to be relevant to current practice and believed that newly qualified staff were at least adequately trained in these areas. In respect of adequacy of training in other key skill areas, responses differed in relation to participant background in the statutory or voluntary sector and by major specialism in child or adult care. It will be seen that in some skill areas training is seen by almost a half of participants as less than adequate or poor. Overall, the findings suggest a positive view of the DipSW in Wales as at least adequate in preparing trainees for practice. However, some concern over training seems justified in relation to a small number of important skill areas. • Applications: The research can potentially inform DipSW programmes over aspects of curriculum development in anticipation of changes to qualifying training.

From Managing the Car to Managing the Road: The Development of Driving Skills

Skilled driving requires complex cognitive and recognitional abilities. We used a Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) and a low tech simulation to study experience linked differences in these abilities. Inexperienced (n=18) and experienced (n=17) drivers participated. The inexperienced drivers struggled with control. They worked to keep their car between the lines and execute turns. In time, automatized performance replaced conscience control. Some situations, like icy roadways, were automatized later than others. As driving reached automaticity, drivers began attending to a wider range of cues. They predicted and avoided problems. A broader view of the roadway emerged in parallel with the development of anticipation. We also observed that experienced drivers were more likely to know their limits and adopted effective compensatory strategies. The Dreyfus & Dreyfus (1986) model of expertise is used to describe these systematic changes. Protocol analysis suggested guidelines for training novice drivers and for upgrading skills of long term drivers.

POLLINATION REGULATION OF FLOWER DEVELOPMENT.

Pollination regulates a syndrome of developmental responses that contributes to successful sexual reproduction in higher plants. Pollination-regulated developmental events collectively prepare the flower for fertilization and embryogenesis while bringing about the loss of floral organs that have completed their function in pollen dispersal and reception. Components of this process include changes in flower pigmentation, senescence and abscission of floral organs, growth and development of the ovary, and, in certain cases, pollination also triggers ovule and female gametophyte development in anticipation of fertilization. Pollination-regulated development is initiated by the primary pollination event at the stigma surface, but because developmental processes occur in distal floral organs, the activity of interorgan signals that amplify and transmit the primary pollination signal to floral organs is implicated. Interorgan signaling and signal amplification involves the regulation of ethylene biosynthetic gene expression and interorgan transport of hormones and their precursors. The coordination of pollination- regulated flower development including gametophyte, embryo, and ovary development; pollination signaling; the molecular regulation of ethylene biosynthesis; and interorgan communication are presented.