Development Of Expertise Research Articles

Evaluating the impact of a coach educational intervention on relative energy deficiency in sport: A pilot study

Athletes undertaking large training volumes are often exposed to periods of low energy availability (LEA) and consequently are at risk of developing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs). Swim coaches play a key role in moderating this risk in developing swimmers. This study aimed to evaluate swimming coaches’ perceptions of LEA/REDs education intervention developed using the Public Health Nutrition Bicycle Framework and underpinned by the professional tools of problem analysis, system mapping and training development. Data was collected in two phases: 1) an immediate post-workshop evaluation survey (process evaluation), and 2) a delayed (6 weeks) post workshop informal roundtable (impact/outcome evaluation). The process evaluation was conducted inductively using three questions (a mix of categorical and open-ended questions). The impact/outcome evaluation was deductive, with the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour Change (COM-B) used to evaluate coaches’ likelihood of implementing new learnings after attending the workshop. Twenty-one coaches attended the workshop, and fourteen completed the post workshop survey. The process evaluation findings indicated that coaches found numerous aspects of the workshop valuable, including the case study approach, resources for consolidation of learning and discussions around the challenges they may experience when managing athletes at risk. The impact/outcome evaluation identified eleven facilitatory and four inhibitory themes based on the COM-B model. Coaches reported an enhanced understanding and knowledge of REDs but lacked the physical and psychological capability to apply new knowledge and/or desired behaviours in practice. The integration of applied frameworks and research and development specialists in coach education may be important when addressing sensitive and complex topics in sport to support the effective dissemination of knowledge into applied contexts. This requires effective partnerships between researchers, national sporting organisations and experts in design and development to strengthen the integrity and applicability of future coach education initiatives.

Artificial Intelligence in Paediatric Cancer: Insights from Innovation Experts in the UNICA4EU Project

This article presents the results of interviews with AI development and innovation experts, focusing on the potential contribution of AI to paediatric cancer treatment, its barriers and facilitators. AI based technologies are expanding in health care provision and potentially to paediatric oncology, particular imageology. However, no AI based technology specifically developed for paediatric cancer has been identified. Interviews identified as key barriers legal, regulatory and ethical challenges; Validation and Evaluation Standards; Integration with public healthcare systems; Acceptance, explainability and trust of AI technologies; Digital literacy and skills development; Data management and Privacy Protection; Promoting multidisciplinary collaboration. Facilitators largely coincide, including Legal, regulatory and ethical; Data management and storage; Building trust and ensuring privacy; Engaging key stakeholders; Promoting multidisciplinary collaboration through AI technologies; and education, training and innovation programmes. Barriers can be turned into facilitators if properly managed. These interviews were implemented under the EU funded project UNICA4EU (Towards a UNIque approach for artificial intelligence data-driven solutions to fight Childhood cAncer FOR EUrope)(1), that was implemented between 2022 and 2024. The goal of the overall project was to analyse the current landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and to map applications to Childhood Cancer. This work further develops and confirms the results of a previous EU funded pilot project, A crowdsourced ecosystem to fight childhood cancer (EU4CHILD)(1).

Leveraging regulatory pharmacist expertise to develop a framework for drug repurposing in underserved areas of the USA

The United States continues to grapple with healthcare access disparities, particularly in underserved regions. Regulatory pharmacists, with their unique expertise in pharmaceutical laws, drug development, and safety regulations, can play a vital role in drug repurposing efforts. This paper proposes a framework for utilising regulatory pharmacist expertise to develop drug repurposing strategies to meet unmet medical needs in underserved areas. We explore the regulatory hurdles, the necessity for collaborative efforts between healthcare professionals, and the potential for drug repurposing to improve healthcare outcomes in rural and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.

Collective Action for Seed Producer Cooperatives and Their Role in Improving the Sustainable Seed Supply and Impacts: The Case of Ethiopia

Seed is an essential component in crop production. Using superior seed from improved cultivars can increase yield by as much as fifty per cent per hectare. High-quality seed also encourages using extra agricultural inputs like fertilizers and insecticides. The Ethiopian seed system development strategy recognizes the formal, intermediary, and farmer seed systems. The farmers' system is the primary seed source, with relatively little contribution from the formal system. The public sector primarily controls the formal system's breeding and seed distribution. The formal, farmers', and intermediary systems are comparable to each other. The government encourages Seed Producers Cooperatives (SPCs) to cultivate and supply seeds to the market. Cooperatives (SPCs) supply of high-quality seeds for various crops in response to local and international demand and the needs of farmers. This helps to ensure national seed security. Policymakers and development experts have recognized the significant role of SPCs in Ethiopia's seed industry, and the country's agricultural development initiatives reflect this. It is essential to reform the seed industry to have a positive impact on Ethiopian agriculture's progress. However, the seed industry in Ethiopia faces limitations due to institutional, organizational, technical, and infrastructure challenges, preventing it from meeting the increasing demand from different agro-ecologies and farming systems. Despite this, little research has been conducted to study and document SPCs' involvement in the seed industry and their contributions. Unfortunately, not much work has gone into examining and recording their contributions to increasing seed access and availability as well as their involvement in the seed industry. Concerning improving seed supply and guaranteeing seed security in Ethiopia, this review aimed to evaluate Seed Producers Cooperatives' present standing in the seed industry.

WITHDRAWN: Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of FGFR Gene-altered Solid Tumors

The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is a crucial receptor tyrosine kinase involved in essential biological processes, including growth, development, and tissue repair. However, FGFR gene mutations, including amplification, fusion, and mutation, can disrupt epigenetics, transcriptional regulation, and tumor microenvironment interactions, leading to cancer development. Targeting these kinase mutations with small molecule drugs or antibodies has shown clinical benefits. For example, Edatinib is approved for treating locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer patients with FGFR2/FGFR3 mutations, and Pemitinib is approved for treating cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusion/rearrangement. Effective screening of FGFR variant patients is crucial for the clinical application of FGFR inhibitors. Various detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), are available, and their selection should be based on diagnostic and treatment decision-making needs. Our developed expert consensus aims to standardize the diagnosis and treatment process for FGFR gene mutations and facilitate the practical application of FGFR inhibitors in clinical practice.

Ekspertīze par spēļu kopas „Man izdevās!” izmantošanu fonemātiskās uztveres attīstībā

Expertise is considered one of the most suitable methods of data collection. Experts are knowledgable individuals who have in-depth knowledge in a specific field (in the context of this study, it is the fields of pedagogy and/or speech therapy) or in matters regarding the implementation of innovations in education. New innovative pedagogical methods, strategies and teaching materials need to be evaluated before they can be included in the pedagogical process to ensure that the innovations are appropriate for implementing the curriculum. When choosing experts, the objective of the study and principles of expert selection must be taken into account – they have to be familiar with the latest theoretical and practical research methods in the relevant field, be open, creative and flexible in assessing the creativity of the innovator, and be able to analyse and predict the usage potential, necessity and utility of the newly created “product”. First, this study aims to analyse the opinions expressed in theoretical frameworks regarding the game as a tool for promoting phonematic awareness development and expert assessment or expertise. Secondly, it aims to clarify the opinions and assessments obtained from experts in the empirical study regarding the usefulness and appropriateness of the created set of games “Man izdevās!” (“I did it!”) in promoting phonematic awareness development. The study was conducted using a literature review, expert selection, engagement of experts in the evaluation of the set of games, and the analysis of the experts’ opinions on the assessment of the created set of games. The comments made by the experts revealed that the set of games can be successfully integrated both in corrective developmental work and in preschool education content in the language learning area. The recommendations provided by the experts pointed out inaccuracies in the selection of images and words, as well as the need to create differentiated difficulty levels according to children’s skills and abilities by reducing the scope of the game field. Furthermore, the experts noted that the created games, which are based on rules already familiar to children, make understanding the game rules and implementation of the gameplay easier.

Toward a gender transformative change perspective for smallholder agricultural commercialization: building consensus among experts

While smallholder agricultural commercialization has been posited as a catalyst to bring about broad economic benefits, evidence demonstrates that commercialization efforts that are gender blind can exacerbate inequalities. This study employed a consensus-building process for gender and agricultural development experts to formulate a perspective for informing the design and implementation of gender transformative smallholder agricultural commercialization interventions. A three-round Delphi process was used to systematically achieve agreement among 23 experts who address gender issues and implement gender transformative approaches (GTAs) in smallholder agricultural systems. Over the three rounds, the experts systematically generated and prioritized 58 intended changes and conceptual considerations for design and implementation into a final set of 23 statements that were categorized as: GTA design and implementation fundamentals, potential target changes in smallholder agriculture, and standard gender integration measures. Unlike many Delphi studies, we also highlight expert statements that did not achieve consensus in both rounds as well as the qualitative divergence. Key themes based on the agreed upon findings include involving diverse actors in co-development of GTAs, applying an intersectional lens, tackling root causes of power relations in the value chain, addressing constraining norms, increasing women’s access to and control of resources, and strengthening agency and solidarity.

On the orthography of Philippine Creole Spanish in Zamboanga

Abstract This article aims to demonstrate the critical importance of corpus-driven language standardization and linguistic expertise in orthography development using Zamboanga Chavacano (henceforth ZC) as a case study. I aim to highlight the inconsistencies between the official orthography and actual usage and make a case for corpus-driven language planning in the development of creole orthographies by analyzing the current official orthography of ZC. Specifically, I will present what the orthographic system of ZC should look like if corpus planning had played a role in the development of the official and standard orthography of ZC. This note discusses this issue based on an analysis of the Contemporary Written Zamboanga Chabacano Corpus (CWZCC) compiled by Himoro (2019) and compares the practices that emerge from the corpus with those used in the officially approved orthography. CWZCC is a comprehensive corpus, consisting of 8,038,200 words from radio scripts, newspapers, news articles, literary pieces (i.e., songs, poems, short stories), public and government documents, certificates, educational materials (e.g., Chavacano lessons in the MTB-MLE), public and commercial signs and/or advertisements, and campaign materials such as posters and tarpaulins, Facebook posts and comments, Twitter posts and comments, blogs, and online forums. The AntConc version 3.5.9, a freeware corpus analysis toolkit for concordance and text analysis was utilized to establish the word list from the CWZCC. The spelling variants were manually determined and arranged according to the frequency of occurrences.

OptiFeat: enhancing feature selection, a hybrid approach combining subject matter expertise and recursive feature elimination method

Optimizing the performance of Java Virtual Machines (JVMs) (Sahin et al. in Proc IEEE Int Congr Big Data BigData Congr 410–417, 2016) is crucial for achieving efficient execution of Java applications. Feature selection plays a pivotal role in identifying the most relevant parameters for fine-tuning JVMs, thereby enhancing their overall efficiency. This paper presents a novel hybrid approach that integrates both subject matter expertise and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) (Yin et al. in J Big Data 10(1):15, 2023) model to refine feature selection for JVM fine-tuning using machine learning techniques. Traditional feature selection methods often lack the ability to incorporate domain-specific knowledge, resulting in suboptimal selections (Khaire and Dhanalakshmi in J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci 34(4):1060–1073, 2022). In contrast, the hybrid approach leverages the expertise of JVM administrators or developers to guide the feature selection process. By integrating domain knowledge into the feature selection pipeline, ensure the inclusion of crucial JVM parameters that may not be captured by automated techniques alone. Furthermore, employed the RFE model, a powerful recursive feature elimination algorithm, to iteratively identify and eliminate irrelevant features from the initial feature set. This iterative process enhances the efficiency of feature selection by systematically pruning less influential parameters, thereby improving the overall performance of the JVM. To validate the effectiveness of the hybrid approach, conducted experiments using real-world JVM datasets and compare the performance of the method against existing feature selection techniques. The results demonstrate that the approach not only achieves superior performance in terms of JVM fine-tuning but also provides insights into the significance of domain expertise in optimizing JVM performance (Menéndez and Bartlett in http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.16510, 2023). It contributes to the field of JVM optimization by proposing a novel hybrid approach that combines subject matter expertise with machine learning-based feature selection techniques. By leveraging both domain knowledge and automated algorithms, the approach offers a comprehensive solution for enhancing feature selection in JVM fine-tuning, ultimately leading to improved performance and efficiency in Java application execution.

Synopsis of the 2023 U.S. Department of VA and U.S. DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Pregnancy.

This Clinical Practical Guideline provides recommendations based on a systematic review of the evidence to address critical decision points in the management of pregnancy. The guideline is intended to improve patient outcomes and local management of patients who are pregnant. This CPG is based on a systematic review of both clinical and epidemiological evidence and was developed by a panel of multidisciplinary experts. The Work Group provides clear and comprehensive evidence-based recommendations incorporating current information and practices targeting practitioners throughout the DoD and VA Health Care systems. The guideline is intended to improve patient outcomes and local management of patients who are pregnant. This CPG does not address every aspect of routine pregnancy care and is not intended to be a comprehensive guide to all care needed in pregnancy. It also addresses some clinically important and generally accepted standards of pregnancy care interventions that do not have sufficient high-quality evidence to support standalone recommendations. Additionally, it highlights emerging topics that have the potential to impact pregnancy care in the future and identifies gaps in the literature that warrant further research. The development of all VA/DoD guidelines is directed by the Evidence-Based Practice Guideline Work Group and adheres to the standards for trustworthy guidelines that were set by the National Academy of Medicine. A patient focus group was convened to assess important aspects of treatment for patients and to gain information about patient values and preferences. The Lewin Group, a contracted third party with expertise in CPG development, facilitated meetings and the development of key questions using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, timing, and setting format. Consensus was achieved among the Work Group through an iterative process involving discussions on conference calls and in person during the recommendation development meeting. An independent third party, ECRI, conducted the systematic evidence review, which the guideline Work Group then used to develop recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system (7-9). The search methods and results are detailed in the full guideline. This CPG provides 28 clinical practice recommendations that cover selected topics that the Work Group deemed had high priority need for evidence-based standards. The recommendations are divided into 3 main categories: routine care, complicated obstetrics, and mental health. An algorithm delineating recommended interventions and appropriate timing of these interventions over the course of the pregnancy and postpartum period was also created. The CPG is not intended to define standards of care nor address all care needed in pregnancy; it does provide comprehensive guidance for routine pregnancy care. It aligns with the VA and DOD's goal of providing care that is consistent in quality and utilization of resources in efforts to reduce errors and inappropriate variations in practices. In total, the Work Group identified 71 items needing further study, including areas requiring stronger evidence to support current recommendations and newer topics that will guide future guideline development.

Reviewability and supportability: New complementary principles to empower research software practices

In today's scientific landscape, research software has evolved from being a supportive tool to becoming a fundamental driver of discovery, particularly in life sciences. Beyond its roots in software engineering, research software now plays a crucial role in facilitating efficient data analysis and enabling the exploration of complex natural phenomena. The advancements in simulations and modeling through research software have significantly accelerated the pace of scientific research while reducing associated costs. This growing reliance underscores the importance of software in ensuring reproducibility – a cornerstone of scientific rigor and trustworthiness. Although verifying reproducibility presents challenges, well-developed and openly accessible research software enhances transparency and aids in the early detection of errors. Although verifying reproducibility can be challenging, well-developed and accessible research software improves transparency and facilitates error detection. This mini-review examines the characteristics of research software and summarizes the key events that have shaped its development, alongside changes in requirements and guidelines. Moreover, we propose two additional principles – reviewability and supportability – complementing the widely accepted FAIR principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability). These new principles aim to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of software evaluation during the peer review process. Through this review, we aim to assist scientists, especially those without extensive software development expertise, in understanding best practices for developing research software and the underlying motivations driving these practices.

Harnessing the diaspora advantage

As Africa strides towards attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Agenda 2063 for inclusive development, harnessing both internal and external expertise is crucial. Yet, the continent's vast, highly skilled diaspora remains largely sidelined in education systems and knowledge economies. This paper explores the lived experiences of the African diaspora including professionals, innovators, entrepreneurs, and African stakeholders, including academics, university leadership, policymakers, and business leaders, using the coloniality lens to develop a framework for equitable and inclusive diaspora knowledge democracy. Data collection involved interviews with 25 diaspora professionals and 15 African stakeholders. Findings revealed a complex interplay of factors which constrain equitable and inclusive diaspora knowledge democracy which promotes diaspora contribution to Africa’s development. However, both groups expressed a strong commitment to Africa’s progress. The paper proposes a framework for collaborative approaches for dismantling colonial dividers through policy supported by building blocks such as incentives and support, knowledge exchange, engagement channels, and impact reviews. By positioning the diaspora as equitable knowledge democracy partners, Africa can accelerate research translation and fuel sustainable growth.

From operational design domain to test cases: A methodology to include harsh weather

Background To gain widespread use, assisted and automated driving (AAD) systems will have to cope with harsh weather conditions, such as rain, fog, and snow. This affects the development and testing of perception and decision-making systems. Since the weather cannot be controlled in field tests, the availability and use of virtual simulation and test facilities that can accurately reproduce harsh weather becomes vital. Test cases subjecting the system under test to harsh conditions, covering all expected weather phenomena in both typical and challenging scenarios, must be defined to evaluate all aspects of the system. Methods State-of-the-art in scenario-based and hash weather testing for AAD systems was analysed; based on the analysis, a team with diverse expertise in AAD development and testing defined a methodology for defining a set of harsh weather test cases. Results This paper proposes, and exemplifies the use of, a methodology to develop a representative set of test cases based on the defined operational design domain and use cases for an AAD system under development, considering the possibility of reproducing tests in different test environments with a focus on harsh weather. Conclusions We believe that our proposed methodology can accelerate the overall testing process and contribute to the difficult safety assurance challenges for automated vehicles.

An item bank to measure health-related quality of life among young children (0-5-years-old) affected by respiratory illnesses – expert stakeholders and end-users from the Western Cape, South Africa

BackgroundHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a crucial patient-centred outcome for developing policy. However, there is a lack of appropriate HRQoL measures for young children (0-5-years), who are particularly vulnerable to respiratory illnesses like pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and other respiratory infections, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to develop a disease-specific HRQoL item bank for young children with acute and chronic respiratory illnesses.MethodsAn exploratory sequential design with three phases was used to develop a HRQoL item bank. The content validity of the item bank was evaluated by local and international experts specialising in HRQoL and child health. The group included paediatric pulmonologists, researchers with expertise in respiratory illnesses, and experts in scale development. Cognitive interviews with 37 caregivers of children with TB, pneumonia, adenovirus respiratory infection, other lower respiratory tract infections, reactive airway disease, and protracted bronchitis in Cape Town, South Africa, and consultations with 22 stakeholders were conducted for final revisions. The item bank was progressively refined at each phase of the study.FindingsThe Delphi experts recommended dividing the item bank into two age groups (0-2-years and 3-5-years) and using a 5-point Likert scale. Overall, 41 items (42%) met the predetermined > 70% threshold for inclusion in the item bank. Cognitive interviews confirmed that the domains were relevant. Minor modifications were made to five items in cohort 1 (0-2-years) and seven in cohort 2 (3-5-years), with 8 items (13%) and 14 items (22%) excluded. Phase 3 consultations emphasised the importance of including all seven domains and expanding the items to cover early childhood development, play, social interactions, and care routines. The final item bank includes versions for both age groups and incorporates these refinements.ConclusionAn item bank was developed as a first step to develop a comprehensive disease-specific HRQoL tool for young children with respiratory illnesses in an LMIC. Input from caregivers and content experts was crucial in creating two HRQoL item banks tailored to the developmental differences between 0 and 2 and 3-5-year age groups. Their contributions ensured the tool effectively captures age-appropriate aspects of HRQoL. Future studies should focus on assessing the validity and reliability of these item banks.

Poverty in Africa: History, Misunderstandings, and the Living

This article explores the historical and structural contexts that have defined and promoted poverty in Africa from the period of European colonisation to the present time. Today, poverty is experienced across the continent in various ways that make the phenomenon escapist in the efforts by statesmen, scholars, and development experts to understand and address it. This article historicises this challenge by generating insights from existing historical, economic, and anthropological perspectives on the socio-economic and political challenges of the continent. It interrogates the historical dynamics that impoverish the continent’s understanding of its poverty, leading to its compromised status as fragile partaker in the ensuing “world order.” This article maintains that these contexts are fluid and interwoven enough to warrant the description of African poverty as elastic and elusive—a reality that indicts the continent’s managers and globalisation advocates. Currently, adequate historicisation of African poverty is substantially lacking in existing literature and more so because the speed at which global development proceeds creates intense pressure on knowledge production and governance in Africa to keep pace with advancements that are hardly comprehended before new ones take over. Thus, this article provides insights into the history of poverty in Africa while examining the shape-shifting dimension of this phenomenon in the continent.

Adapting a cultural dance program to prevent cognitive decline: insights from experts and educators

Abstract Leveraging activities such as cultural dance shows promise as an effective basis for chronic disease prevention and management with at-risk populations. In fact, recent WHO reports and resolutions advocate utilizing cultural context to achieve health equality. Hula, the Native Hawaiian indigenous dance has been successfully utilized in interventions with statistically significant improvement in medication resistant hypertension management and heart disease prevention. In this study, Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD) experts and kumu hula (hula experts and educators) provide insights to developing a hula-based lifestyle program for prevention of cognitive decline. Informant interviews were used to collect information for developing a hula-based program for individuals with mild cognitive impairment from 4 ADRD experts and clinicians, and 4 kumu hula. The 60-90 minute semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded, then transcribed. Separate thematic analysis allowed distinct themes for each group to emerge. Themes with greatest between group alignment informed the adaptation of an existing hula-based chronic disease intervention. The clinical and cultural experts were unanimous on multiple themes. First, a hula-based program was well positioned to promote social functioning. Second, hula facilitated integrated multi-dimensional benefits including physical, cognitive, social, and cultural. Third, facilitating learning included: repetition done in creative forms; utilization of aids such as dance notation and audio recordings; and educational approaches such as project-based learning. Cultural activities such as dance have been underutilized in health promotion initiatives. A significant challenge in health promotion programs is engagement and retention of participants. Cultural dance programs are popular and can be effective interventions, particularly when both clinical and cultural experts are engaged in program development. Key messages • Inclusion of clinical and cultural experts in health promotion program development leads to unique collaboration and impactful insights. • ADRD clinicians and Hawaiian cultural dance educators identify social, cultural, physical, and cognitive benefits of hula as instrumental for individuals with mild cognitive impairment.

Teaching twenty-first-century skills: examining collaborative learning in initial teacher education in Finnish universities

ABSTRACT This study investigated whether and how research-based knowledge on collaborative learning is applied as theoretical content and a pedagogical approach in the Initial Teacher Education (ITE) curricula in Finnish universities. It adopted a qualitative approach, triangulating curriculum documentation and in-depth interviews with curriculum development experts responsible for designing ITE. Results suggest CL's central ideas are present in the curriculum documentation and transversally addressed as a teaching practice of group work, highly dependent on the teachers’ approach. However, the up-to-date empirical discoveries of the learning mechanisms involved in CL processes are not visible in the formal curriculum, creating tensions between content/theory and method/pedagogy. The study uses the Finnish case to critically discuss the challenges of evidencing clear guidelines on CL in ITE curriculum. It emphasises the importance of addressing CL theories and practical methods in ITE to bridge gaps between theory and practices, preparing teachers for contemporary teaching and learning. contexts.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation to Spanish of the PANELVIEW instrument to evaluate the health guidelines development process

ObjectivesThe PANELVIEW questionnaire identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the process and methods used for developing health guidelines from the guideline development group's perspective. To expand its use, PANELVIEW ideally should be available in different languages. We aimed to cross-culturally adapt PANELVIEW into Spanish and assess its acceptability, validity, and reliability. Study Design and SettingTo translate and culturally adapt PANELVIEW to Spanish, we followed International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research's Translation and Cultural Adaptation Good Practice Principles guidelines. The process consisted of 1) forward and back translation, 2) input from an expert panel, and 3) cognitive debriefing interviews. We assessed the content validity with experts in guideline development who rated instrument items for relevance to determine the item content validity index and scale content validity index (I-CVI and S-CVI). We tested the reliability with health guidelines panels from Spanish-speaking countries and measured internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). We examined acceptability through the number of missing responses for each item. ResultsThe content comparison between the back-translation and the original version showed that most items (24/34) were conceptually equivalent but with grammatical differences. Through the cognitive interviews, we identified six items with wording issues, ten with clarity issues, and two with applicability issues. I-CVI ranged from 0.77 to 1.00, with two items needing revision. S-CVI was 0.92, showing excellent content validity. The PANELVIEW Spanish version demonstrated very good reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.96). Panel members responded to all items, showing good acceptability. ConclusionThe PANELVIEW Spanish version was conceptually equivalent to the original version and provided satisfactory evidence of acceptability, validity and reliability.

Can government-guided funds promote corporate technology innovation? Evidence from the new energy automobile industry

A government-guided fund is a crucial policy instrument for fostering innovation in the new energy automotive industry. This article examines the stimulating impact and underlying mechanisms of government-guided funding on A-share new energy automotive listed firms from 2012 to 2022, using a difference-in-differences (DID) model. The finding suggests that government-guided funds can effectively stimulate corporate technology innovation activities. Mechanism tests reveal that government-guided funds can encourage corporate innovation by alleviating financial constraints and attracting research and development experts. Additionally, government-guided funds have varying effects on the technology innovation of different types of enterprises within the new energy automobile industry chain, including upstream, midstream, and downstream companies. The study's findings have specific policy implications for increasing government-guided fund assistance and optimizing fund investment direction.

Quality improvement through team development: the role of headteachers in Early Childhood Education settings in Germany

ABSTRACT Research shows the importance of leadership for quality development in settings of Early Childhood Education [ECE] (Anders and Oppermann 2024). This study investigated how headteachers of ECE settings in Germany pursue the goal of team development as a prerequisite for quality development and use external expertise for this purpose. Twenty-two heads who took part in the federal initiative ‘core day-care centres: language and instruction’ (Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, 2011–2015) were interviewed in this qualitative study. Findings suggest that team development is something that headteachers generally leave to external professionals and need support in developing their self-image as leaders.