Development Of Approaches Research Articles

Efficient Synthesis of Novel Triazolo[5,1-b]purines by Diacetoxyiodobenzene-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Schiff Bases

In this work, we have developed a method for synthesizing new 8-substituted triazolo[5,1-b]purines using diacetoxyiodobenzene as an oxidizing agent with good yields (59–67%). The advantages of this approach include mild reaction conditions and removing the need to use transition metals. Based on the results obtained, a plausible reaction pathway was proposed. The developed approach opens new possibilities for the preparation of previously inaccessible condensed purine derivatives, which are of interest for the development of biomolecules with a variety of pharmacological applications. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by the data of 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and an elemental analysis.

Colonial approaches in Canadian national food policy development

The Government of Canada has claimed that the relationship with Indigenous peoples, that of First Nations, Inuit and Métis people, is their most important relationship. The rhetoric around reconciliation and Indigenous-Crown relationships are a major directive within federal policy. Using the theoretical framework of discursive institutionalism, this journal article looks at how this approach has, or has not, shaped the development of a national food policy. Discursive institutionalism is critical to understanding the complex relationships and perspectives that are embedded within the development of national food policies. Looking at the reports, discourse, and actions of the federal government, this article highlights how Indigenous people continue to be seen as stakeholders, as opposed to partners in nation-to-nation relationships. This paper analyzing the government’s approach to food policy stresses that the government recognizes the importance of having a national food policy, as well as acknowledging that Indigenous people need to be a part of the process. Indigenous peoples are distinct peoples with inherent rights that must been recognized and supported by the Crown, and that understanding needs to be a part of all policies and laws that can impact Indigenous peoples and communities.

L2 German Word Order Preferences by Immigrant L1 Korean Speakers

Abstract This study examines the L2 German verb placement preferences in 58 Korean immigrant workers in Germany. The verb placement preferences are compared to predictions of Organic Grammar (Vainikka and Young-Scholten, 2011). Assuming an incremental, bottom-up morphosyntactic development, the theory predicts the possibility that L2 acquirers develop only partial clausal structures. Organic Grammar further proposes a two-tree approach of morphosyntactic development and predicts that main clauses with verb-second order (V2) are acquired before subordinate clauses with verb-final order (OV). To test these predictions, participants completed two production tasks. Results show a mixed picture. Some participants’ L2 clausal structure seems to have developed only partially, supporting the incremental approach. Regarding the predicted order of acquisition, however, some participants who showed robust use of targetlike subordination with OV, struggled with V2, preferring V3 instead. This suggests the need for a revision of the two-tree approach to incorporate the V3 preference.

Working with all nations and all relatives in feeding the future

Most unprecedented changes and challenges to planetary health that include earth and human health, are attributed to short-sighted policies and systemic barriers. Standardized and top-down approaches of development that often dominate through limited, persuasive, and extractive euro-centric perspectives often dominate in Turtle Island and most colonial regions of the world. Food and food-sustaining relatives (land, water, plants, animals, micro-habitats) which are central to planetary health, are negatively impacted and threatened by these human pressures, which have severe implications for our ability to feed current and future generations (FAO et al., 2023; Planetary Health Alliance, n.d.). Many international agencies (including those affiliated with the United Nations), food systems scholars, grassroots organizations, and community members are grappling with the very imminent challenges of addressing the alarmingly high level of food insecurity in Turtle Island (Council of Canadian Academics, 2014; Fieldhouse & Thompson, 2012) and the global South (Kuhnlein et al., 2013).

MANAJEMEN APLIKASI BIMBINGAN KONSELING BERBASIS WEB

This study aims to develop and evaluate web-based guidance and counseling application management . This application is designed to facilitate the guidance and counseling process by providing easy and integrated access to students, teachers, and counselors. With using research methods​ Waterfall model software development approach . Development stages include needs analysis, application design, implementation, and testing. With existence testing The results of the study show that this application is effective in providing a platform that facilitates access to counseling guidance and facilitates communication between students and counselors. The use of this application also contributes to increasing student satisfaction with guidance and counseling services at school. This research is expected to be a reference for the development of similar applications in other schools, as well as contribute to the application of technology in the world of education

P300 Latency with Memory Performance: A Promising Biomarker for Preclinical Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease

Detecting and tracking the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is now of particular interest due to the aging of the world’s population. AD is the most common cause of dementia, affecting the daily lives of those afflicted. Approaches in development can accelerate the evaluation of the preclinical stages of AD and facilitate early treatment and the prevention of symptom progression. Shifts in P300 amplitude and latency, together with neuropsychological assessments, could serve as biomarkers in the early screening of declines in cognitive abilities. In this study, we investigated the ability of the P300 indices evoked during a visual oddball task to differentiate pre-clinically diagnosed participants from normal healthy adults (HCs). Two preclinical stages, named asymptomatic AD (AAD) and prodromal AD (PAD), were included in this study, and a total of 79 subjects participated, including 35 HCs, 22 AAD patients, and 22 PAD patients. A mixed-design ANOVA test was performed to compare the P300 indices among groups during the processing of the target and non-target stimuli. Additionally, the correlation between these neurophysiological variables and the neuropsychological tests was evaluated. Our results revealed that neither the peak amplitude nor latency of P300 can distinguish AAD from HCs. Conversely, the peak latency of P300 can be used as a biomarker to differentiate PAD from AAD and HCs. The correlation results revealed a significant relationship between the peak latency of P300 and memory domain tasks, showing that less time-demanding neuropsychological assessments can be used. In summary, our findings showed that a combination of P300 latency and memory-requiring tasks can be used as an efficient biomarker to differentiate individuals with AAD from HCs.

CALCULATION OF STATIC DEFORMATION OF AXISYMMETRIC SHELLS OF ROTATION WITH DIFFERENTIAL MODEL

In the paper differential equations of static geometrically nonlinear deformation of axisymmetric shell of rotation are obtained. The resolving functions are projections of vectors in the global coordinate system. The equations allow describing any geometry of meridian (breaks, curvature jumps), large deformations, changing of shell thicknesses during deformation, also cross shears characteristic for thick shells. For the numerical solution, the approach based on the finite difference method is applied, which is realized in the own software package for the calculation of the mechanics of spatial rod systems – DARSYS. The calculations of test problems of the internal pressure inflation of cylindrical, spherical, elliptical, conical shells, as well as a combined conicalcylindrical shell with a meridian break are presented. Graphs of convergence of displacements at the reference points as a function of mesh density and under load variation are given, and deformed meridian configurations are plotted. The solutions obtained in ANSYS by different finite elements of Shell type were used as a reference for comparison. APDL scripts for parametric calculations of the test problems are given in the text of the paper. The proposed approach to the calculation of static deformation of shells of rotation has shown good agreement with finite element modeling in ANSYS (including thick shells) and in the future will be extended to the modeling of dynamic deformation and the possibility of solving coupled problems of interaction with liquid or gas. The given equations of the axisymmetric shell are a special case of the general equations, the development and application of which are beyond the scope of this paper, and the obtained solution results are the first stage of testing the developed complex approach to the calculation of static and dynamic deformation of shells, alternative to finite-element modeling.

VARIATIONAL-DIFFERENCE SOLUTION OF DEFORMATION AND BUCKLING PROBLEMS OF ELASTOPLASTIC SHELLS OF REVOLUTION WITH ELASTIC FILLER UNDER COMBINED QUASI-STATIC AND DYNAMIC AXISYMMETRIC LOADINGS

The paper suggests a formulation and method for a numerical solution of deformation and buckling of elastoplastic shells of revolution with elastic filler under quasi-static and dynamic loadings. The problem is solved in a two-dimensional plane or generalized axisymmetric formulation with torsion. The governing system of equations is written in a Cartesian or cylindrical coordinate system. Modeling of deformation of an elastic-plastic shell is carried out based on the hypotheses of the theory of shells of the Timoshenko type, taking into account geometric nonlinearities. Kinematic relations are written in velocities and formulated in the metric of the current state. The elastoplastic properties of the shell are described by the flow theory with nonlinear isotropic hardening. Filler modeling is based on continuum mechanics hypotheses. The filler material is assumed to be linearly elastic. The variational equations of motion of structural elements (both shells and filler) are reduced from the three-dimensional equation of the balance of virtual powers of the work of continuum mechanics taking into account the accepted hypotheses of the theory of shells or a flat deformed state or generalized axisymmetric deformation with torsion. The modeling of the contact interaction between the shell and the filler is based on the condition of nonpenetration along the normal and slippage along the tangential. The finite-difference method and an explicit time integration scheme of the cross type are used to solve the defining system of equations. Approbation of the technique was carried out on the problem of buckling of a steel cylindrical shell with an elastic filler under quasi-static and dynamic compression by an external pressure that linearly increases with time. The results of the numerical study are compared with calculations performed using two other approaches developed earlier by the authors. The first approach is based on full-scale modeling of the process of deformation of the shell and filler within the framework of continuum mechanics. In the second approach, a simplified formulation is used, in which the deformation of the shell is modeled according to the hypotheses of the theory of non-sloping shells of the Timoshenko type taking into account geometric nonlinearities, and the filler is modeled according to the Winkler foundation hypothesis. The developed approaches make it possible to model the nonlinear subcritical deformation of shells of revolution with an elastic filler, to determine the ultimate (critical) loads in a wide range of loading rates taking into account geometric shape imperfections, to study buckling in axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric shapes under dynamic and quasi-static combined loadings in plane and axisymmetric deformations.

Features and directions of the creative economy development: Chinese experience

The article systematizes the basic concepts in the creative economy, key factors of its effectiveness and the importance of organizational approaches for the social development of the state. Using China as an example, it is shown that its success is due to the significant role of the state, the use of advanced world experience in the formation of a post-industrial economy and its adaptation to achieve national goals. There are analyzed the main features of cultural industries and the characteristic features of cultural production. The advantages of creative industries in promoting national economic transformations, stimulating economic growth and creating jobs are revealed.

Effectiveness of robot-assisted training in adults with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This work aimed to update and summarize the existing evidence on the effectiveness of robot-assisted training (RAT) in adults with Parkinson's disease (PD). We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis,reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42022371124). Seven databases and two trial registries were searched for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) addressing RAT alone or in addition to other treatments in adults with PD up to January 2024. Primary outcomes were disease-specific motor impairment, balance, mobility, freezing of gait, falls, number of people who fell at least once, and adverse events. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed. Risk of bias (RoB) and certainty of the evidence for the primary outcomes were assessed using the Cochrane RoB Tool and the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, respectively. Fifteen RCTs (629 randomized adults with PD) were included. Our results show that the evidence is very uncertain about the effectiveness of any kind of RAT, either focused on gait, balance or upper limb impairment, compared to any comparator (treadmill training, overground gait training, exercises without the exoskeleton, conventional physical therapy, balance training, and no treatment), mainly because of RoB, inconsistency in individual studies results, and very limited number (less than 200) of participants considered in each comparison. In light of the aforementioned very low certainty evidence, clinical considerations should be drawn very carefully. High-quality studies are thus highly needed to investigate potential benefits, risks, and cost/benefit ratio of RAT in adults with PD.

Using genre analysis to design formative assessment in higher education

ABSTRACT Formative assessment (FA) is universally recognised as key to supporting student learning and success in higher education (HE). Despite this, summative assessment dominates HE students’ studies. We join an increasing call for more focus on formative assessment and propose an original professional development (PD) approach to help HE teachers design formative assessment tasks, using the concept of genre knowledge. Data from pre-workshop questionnaires, in-workshop activities and post workshop interviews demonstrate genre knowledge to be an effective heuristic to identify task requirements. This genre knowledge helps teachers design FA tasks which scaffold final summative assessments through focused development of specific areas of genre knowledge. We make recommendations on how teachers and trainers can use genre knowledge to raise awareness of and provide support for designing FA tasks which enhance student learning and success.

A systematic review of training for mainstream mental health professionals working with people with intellectual disabilities and mental health needs

Purpose Policy in the UK and many other countries states that mainstream mental health services should be accessible to people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The purpose of this paper is to systematically review training and development needs assessments and delivered training and development for professionals working in mainstream mental health services who may work with people with IQ. Design/methodology/approach A systematic search of four databases (Web of Science; PsychInfo; PubMed; CINAHL) over the period of 2011–2023 was used. Papers were included if they described training or development delivered to, or specific training or development needs analyses of, mainstream qualified staff to support working with adults who have an ID. Findings Two papers were found that described training and development initiatives and six that described training and development needs analysis, five of these papers originated from Australia and were part of the development of a comprehensive workforce competency framework. Research limitations/implications Training and development approaches for mainstream mental health services to facilitate the support of people with IQ should be systematically developed and trialled. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to review training and training needs analysis in this area since 2012. The review finds only a small number of papers in what is an important area for service development.

Evolving Urban Landscape: Colonial Influences and Selective Modernity in Sam Phraeng Shophouses and Aristocratic Palaces During King Rama V's Reign

This study examines the architectural and urban transformation of Sam Phraeng, a historic Bangkok precinct, during King Rama V's reign (1868-1910). Employing Maurizio Peleggi's concept of 'Selective Modernity' and Iderlina B. Mateo-Babiano's work on urban space transformation, the research investigates modernity in an area near the Grand Palace considering historical restrictions on foreign residences. The study notes that Western-style architecture near the Grand Palace was primarily limited to government offices, contrasting with areas like Northern Charoen Krung Road, which was developed as a foreign residential and commercial district since the late King Rama IV's reign. Against this backdrop, it explores Sam Phraeng’s unique development through historical document analysis, architectural typology, comparative analysis, and socio-economic context examination. The research reveals Sam Phraeng’s evolution from a royal enclave to a vibrant commercial and cultural hub, reflecting broader societal changes while maintaining proximity to traditional power centers. The architectural landscape, particularly shophouses in Phraeng Nara and Phraeng Phuthon, showcases a blend of colonial design elements with local techniques and aesthetics. This study contributes to understanding how non-colonized nations like Siam navigated the pressures of modernity, selectively adopting foreign elements while preserving cultural identity. Sam Phraeng’s architectural and urban evolution offers insights into the complex processes of engagement with modernity, urbanization, and cultural adaptation in late 19th-century Siam, highlighting nuanced development approaches near traditional power seats.

Synthesis and characterization of ASU-PPO based anion exchange membrane with PEG support for water electrolysis

Abstract Polymer electrolyte membrane-based water electrolysis technology is a productive method for converting electrical energy into hydrogen. To improve and optimize the performance of the water electrolytic system, an anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzer is an excellent choice. AEM possess inadequacies in cation structural design, and diversity in development approaches with each new cation inclusion. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a variety of poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO)-based AEMs crosslinked with azonia-spiro undecane (ASU). The design process consists of three steps: first P-ASU making followed by quaternarization and then PPO bromination, followed by P-ASU and BPPO crosslinking. The membrane’s stability is enhanced by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG). PPO has outstanding mechanical and thermal stability, and its backbone can be functionalized through a variety of ways. Bromination was performed with quantitative control in this study. The developed membrane was examined using analytical tools (e.g., TGA, FTIR, HNMR, SEM). The results revealed that membrane demonstrated sufficient thermal stability between 150 °C and 250 °C as degradation phase. Characterization results also contribute to accurately measuring membrane surface morphology and stability at 4.38 ppm and 3.13–3.24 ppm transition from the–CH2Br group to the–N+(CH3)3 groups by new peaks. The composition and properties were analyzed to validate successful crosslinking and functionalization of the membrane.

Modified ensemble machine learning-based plant leaf disease detection model with optimized K-Means clustering

ABSTRACT In the farming sector, the automatic detection of plant leaf disease is considered a vital landmark. Farmers move long distances to consult pathologists to observe the disease, which is expensive and time-consuming. Moreover, detection of disease in a premature period is a difficult process in the existing model. Thus, all these challenges motivate us to develop an inventive plant leaf disease detection model. In the developed model, the data is gathered initially and given as input to the pre-processing step using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). Next, the leaves are segmented from the pre-processed images, and then abnormality segmentation is done by the K-means clustering system. Here, parameters are optimized using the Opposition-based Bird Swarm Algorithm (O-BSA). Further, features were extracted from abnormality-segmented images in feature extraction. The extracted features are given in the classification step, where leaf disease detection is carried out using Optimized Ensemble Machine Learning (OEML), where, parameter optimization is done by O-BSA. Finally, the developed plant leaf detection approach is evaluated with various performance metrics, and given an accuracy of up to 92.26. These findings show that the developed model is promising over conventional methods and its effectiveness in detecting plant leaf disease.

Efficacy of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontically induced root resorption in animal and human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To evaluate the efficacy of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) across animal and human studies. An electronic search in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database up to May 2024 identified 931 records screened using predefined PICOS criteria. 18 animal and 8 human studies met the inclusion criteria, with 12 suitable for meta-analysis. Methodological qualities for animal studies were assessed using the SYRCLE tool and ARRIVE guidelines. For clinical trials, the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool and ROBINS-I were applied to evaluate the risk of bias in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs), respectively. Evidence quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, and quantitative analysis employed RevMan software with an inverse variance method and random effects models for all included studies. Most animal and human studies had a high or unclear risk of bias. LIPUS significantly accelerated OTM in rats, showing increases of 0.08mm (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.13; P = 0.006), 0.11mm (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.17; P = 0.001), and 0.11mm (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.16; P < 0.0001) on days 5, 7, and 14. In clinical trials, LIPUS reduced treatment duration with clear aligners by 352.07 days (95% CI, -524.81 to -179.34; P < 0.0001), but had no significant effect on OIRR (P > 0.05). GRADE analysis indicated very low evidence quality for both outcomes. LIPUS may accelerate OTM but shows weak evidence for alleviating OIRR. More well-designed studies with standardized methodology are needed. LIPUS could benefit OTM acceleration, but its effect on OIRR remains inconclusive.

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in China.

International Practice Guidelines Registry Platform, http://www.guidelines-registry.cn/, No. IPGRP-2021CN346.

Optimal dose of tranexamic acid in traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been used to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, no definitive conclusions have been drawn regarding its effectiveness or dosage. This study evaluated the optimal TXA dose for treating TBI using a network meta-analysis (NMA). Five databases were searched for peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to May 2024. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) RCTs, (2) patients older than 1 month with TBI, (3) interventions of TXA and control, (4) primary outcomes of mortality and poor neurological outcomes and secondary outcomes of vascular occlusive events, and (5) full-text peer-reviewed articles. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. Frequency-based NMA was performed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working-group approach. We included 10 RCTs comprising 11,237 patients with TBI. Placebo showed higher mortality compared with that of a 2-g bolus of TXA (risk ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.17). Higher mortality was observed with a 1-g bolus of TXA followed by 1-g maintenance TXA compared with that of a 2-g bolus of TXA (risk ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.03). No significant differences in poor neurological outcomes or vascular occlusive events were observed between the treatment groups. Placebo and a 1-g bolus followed by 1-g maintenance TXA were associated with higher mortality rates than those of a 2-g bolus of TXA. No difference in vascular occlusive events was observed with either treatment, indicating that our NMA recommends 2 g of TXA. However, the data for the 2-g bolus of TXA were from a single study, and further research is needed to draw definitive conclusions. Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis; Level III.

Thinking outside the shoulder: A systematic review and metanalysis of kinetic chain characteristics in non-athletes with shoulder pain.

The kinetic chain is important in the proximal-distal energy transfer along body segments. Although biomechanical impairments in components of the kinetic chain have already been reported in athletes with shoulder pain, such investigations in non-athlete individuals have not yet been synthesized. To systematically review the literature and analyze the quality of evidence on the characteristics of the kinetic chain of non-athletes with shoulder pain compared to asymptomatic individuals. Studies published until February 2024 (without language restrictions) that quantitatively assessed outcomes related to the kinetic chain of non-athlete individuals were searched in five databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SCOPUS). The risk of bias and quality of evidence were analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach, respectively. To summarize the findings, meta-analyses with random-effects models were performed. Six cross-sectional studies (n = 562 [282 with shoulder pain], mean age = 48.7 ± 8.1 years) with low risk of bias were included in this review. Very low-quality evidence suggests that individuals with shoulder pain may present a lower active range of motion and muscular endurance/strength in the cervical spine, thoracolumbar region, and hip, as well as deficits in neuromuscular control of the lower extremities. Findings related to thoracic spine posture were conflicting and no differences were found in cervical spine isometric muscular strength between individuals with and without shoulder pain. Individuals with shoulder pain may present alterations in active mobility, muscular endurance, and neuromuscular control in kinetic chain segments. These findings suggest that broader physical assessments considering components of the kinetic chain may be clinically relevant in this population. However, based on the very low quality of evidence, the findings of this review should be interpreted with caution.

Scalable Approach for Grafting Qubit Candidates onto The Surface of MOF-808 Framework

The development of quantum bits (qubits) is crucial for the progress of quantum technologies. Among various approaches, the qubits based on paramagnetic centers have decent advantages, including their diversity and possibilities of regular ordering, for example, within the structure of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In the present work a simple and scalable approach to obtain qubit candidates based on stable organic radical 3-carboxy-proxyl and MOF-808 framework has been demonstrated. Investigation of the obtained compounds with different radical amounts using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) demonstrates the presence of two fractions of radicals, which is supported by simulations. Sufficiently long phase memory time at room temperature for the radicals adsorbed into MOF (0.39 μs), as well as the observed Rabi nutations, allow considering this material as a platform for qubits design. The developed approach is capable of incorporating various amounts of paramagnetic centers into the MOF structure and can be employed to obtain other spin qubit candidates.