Development Of Intervention Programs Research Articles

Vulnerability of elderly people during climate-induced disasters in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

Climate-induced disasters present significant challenges to vulnerable populations, especially elderly individuals with disabilities who face unique difficulties in preparing for, responding to, and recovering from such catastrophic events. Despite growing concerns about the impact of climate-induced disasters in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a notable lack of information regarding the specific vulnerabilities experienced by elderly people with disabilities in this region. This study aims to address this gap by identifying and synthesizing the existing literature on the subject. Researchers conducted a scoping review, selecting articles from regional (Sabinet African Journals, Science Direct) and global databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest) using search strategies with Boolean operators, truncations, and MeSH terms. The review included primary studies (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods) published between 2013 and 2023 that met specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a focus on assessing the quality of the included studies. The findings revealed that elderly people in sub-Saharan Africa face significant physical, cognitive, and socio-economic challenges due to limited access to resources, inadequate infrastructure, and social exclusion. These challenges are amplified in the sub-Saharan context, highlighting a critical gap in inclusive risk reduction strategies during disasters. The review emphasizes an urgent need for targeted research and the development of community-based intervention programmes to improve the resilience and wellbeing of elderly individuals with disabilities facing climate-induced disasters. This study not only mapped the existing literature but also underscored the scarcity of research in the field of climate-induced disasters, with only six articles focusing on the elderly. The researchers recommend the development of more inclusive disaster risk reduction strategies and policies.

Improving automatic cyberbullying detection in social network environments by fine-tuning a pre-trained sentence transformer language model

The internet use among children and adolescents has increased massively recently. This situation has promoted harmful situations such as cyberbullying, which is becoming a worldwide problem that entails serious consequences for well-being. The detection of these attitudes is essential to prevent and act accordingly. Groundbreaking techniques based on deep learning, like pre-trained language models, have achieved state-of-the-art results in many downstream Natural Language Processing tasks. This paper presents a simple but effective approach to improve the detection of cyberbullying situations by fine-tuning a pre-trained sentence transformer language model. We experimented on three datasets, and the results surpassed the state-of-the-art results. The approach could help prevent cyberbullying, filter those messages, and detect those children involved in the situation, providing opportunities to develop intervention programs to address this problem.

The Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model within the School Context: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT The main objective of this research was to analyze the impact and development of intervention programs based on the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model within the school context. A systematic review was conducted in seven international databases. The keywords “TPSR” and “Education” were used in different combinations with other terms. Following the review process, 21 research studies met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed. Studies outside of USA represented most of the studies included in this review. The results showed the importance of continuing professional development and the fidelity of the implementations to achieve greater adherence to the TPSR model (teachers) and improvements in different dimensions (students): behavioral, psychological, social, and affective. Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary application of TPSR could enhance the effects and benefits of TPSR.

Space–time distribution of intestinal infectious diseases and their association with socioeconomic variables in Ecuador

BackgroundIntestinal infectious diseases are a global concern in terms of morbidity, and they are closely linked to socioeconomic variables such as quality of life, weather and access to healthcare services. Despite progress in spatial analysis tools and geographic information systems in epidemiology, studies in Ecuador that evaluate temporal trends, specific geographic groups, and their correlation with socioeconomic variables are lacking. The absence of such information makes it challenging to formulate public health policies. This study sought to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of these diseases in Ecuador, along with their correlation with socioeconomic variables.MethodsIn Ecuador, the study was carried out in a continental territory, focusing on data related to intestinal infectious diseases collected from the National Institute of Statistics and Census (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos) during the period from 2014 to 2019. This study involved spatial and temporal analyses using tools such as the global Moran’s index and Local Indicators of Spatial Association to identify spatial clustering patterns and autocorrelation. Additionally, correlations between morbidity rates and socioeconomic variables were examined.ResultsDuring the investigated period, Ecuador registered 209,668 cases of these diseases. Notable variations in case numbers were identified, with a 9.2% increase in 2019 compared to the previous year. The most impacted group was children under 5 years old, and the highest rates were centered in the southern and southwestern regions of the country, with Limón Indanza and Chunchi being the cantons with the highest rates, notably showing a significant increase in Limón Indanza. Additionally, there were significant correlations between morbidity rates and socioeconomic variables, school dropout rates, low birth weight, and access to water services.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the importance of considering socioeconomic variables when addressing these diseases in Ecuador. Understanding these correlations and geospatial trends can guide the development of health policies and specific intervention programs to reduce the incidence in identified high-risk areas. More specific research is needed to understand the underlying causes of variability in morbidity and develop effective prevention strategies.

Religion- and Spirituality-Based Effects on Health-Related Components with Special Reference to Physical Activity: A Systematic Review

The positive effects of religion and/or spirituality through faith-based interventions on health and promoting health programs have been well documented over the last two decades. Research indicates that faith-related programs can motivate increased physical activity, among other behaviors. This review summarizes the literature on how religion and spirituality beliefs and practices support physical, mental, and psychosocial health, focusing primarily on physical activity. A literature search was conducted using databases (Medline/PubMed, Science Direct) and Google Scholar, with search terms like “religion”, “spirituality”, “physical activity”, “physical exercise”, and “health” to identify relevant studies from 2017 to 2023. Thirteen studies were selected, including seven cross-sectional designs, four randomized controlled trials, and two cohort studies. Eleven of these studies reported positive effects of religious faith, religiosity, and spirituality interventions on increasing physical activity or reducing sedentary behavior. These findings confirm that greater religious commitment is positively associated with better health outcomes, including increased physical activity. This research suggests that further studies are needed to identify specific religiosity/spirituality variables in the context of physical activity association and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Such insights may inform the development of intervention programs aimed at promoting physical activity and strengthening health associations.

Factors associated with intention of HIV testing among Asian American men: a path analysis.

Research has pointed to myriad cultural and socio-psychological factors associated with HIV testing, such as acculturation, social norms about HIV testing, masculinity, homonegativity, and constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior. However, the interrelationships of these factors on the intentions of HIV testing among the population of Asian American men remains unknown. A dataset of 425 Asian American men in the U.S., collected online with convenience sampling method during 2020-2021, was analyzed to test a conceptual framework that aimed to fill this gap. Results from a path model with two endogenous variables (homonegativity and HIV testing intention) indicated that perceived social norms about HIV testing, attitude about HIV testing, and perceived HIV risk had directandindirect relationships with the intentions of HIV testing in the study population. However, social norms about HIV testing and perceived HIV risk showed stronger direct effects (standardized estimates = 0.37 and 0.34, respectively, p-value < 0.001). Additionally, we found that the relationships of these factors with HIV testing intention were also mediated by homonegativity. Findings from this study advance our understanding of pathways of associations between a host of cultural and socio-psychological factors with HIV testing intention among an understudied population - Asian American men. Our results will help inform the development of future intervention programs to increase HIV testing in this population.

중독개입에서 마음챙김 명상 효과에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰

This study applied a systematic literature review method to examine studies of mindfulness meditative approaches or interventions for addiction, and to derive implications for the use of meditation for addiction intervention. To this end, until April 2024, a total of six papers were selected and analyzed, including the research foundation registration(candidate) paper among domestic studies, two thesis among the materials published through domestic thesis. The analysis framework was divided into the general characteristics of the study, the structure of the intervention method, and the effect of intervention by type of addiction, and the contents of the selected data were searched by a systematic literature review method. Through this, it was intended to provide data on evidence-based intervention for the development and implementation of addiction intervention programs through mindfulness meditation.

PARENTAL ACCEPTANCE OF PREMARITAL PREGNANCY AMONG UNDERAGE ADOLESCENTS IN TERMS OF RELIGION AND PSYCHOLOGY IN CINTA MAKMUR VILLAGE - LABUHANBATU

Premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents is a complex and problematic social phenomenon in Indonesia. Cinta Makmur Village in Labuhanbatu is one of the case studies with a high prevalence. This study aims to understand parental self-acceptance of premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents in the village and the factors that influence it. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with 2 pairs of parents who have teenage children who are pregnant premaritally, and documentation to support the research findings. The results of the study show that parental self-acceptance of premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents in Cinta Makmur Village varies. Some parents accept premarital pregnancy and try to help their children, while others reject and blame their children. Factors that influence parental self-acceptance include age, education, socioeconomic status, religious and cultural values, and social support. This study provides an important contribution to the understanding of parental self-acceptance of premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents in Indonesia. These factors need to be considered in efforts to prevent and manage premarital pregnancy among adolescents. The findings of this study can be used to develop intervention programs aimed at improving parental self-acceptance and reducing stigma associated with premarital pregnancy.

항공사 객실승무원의 직장 내 괴롭힘, 소진, 외상 후 울분장애(PTED) 간의 영향 관계

Cabin crews work in high-stress and high-pressure environments, yet the issue of workplace harassment they face has not been adequately addressed. Workplace harassment causes psychological distress and anxiety, which not only undermine cabin crews' job satisfaction and productivity but also compromise the safety and well-being of both cabin crews and passengers. However, the majority of existing studies on workplace harassment have primarily adopted an organizational perspective, thereby neglecting the individual experiences of cabin crews. This study seeks to address this gap by examining the structural relationships between workplace harassment and its effects on burnout and post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) among cabin crews in both full-service and low-cost carriers in Korea. Survey data were collected from 399 respondents. The results indicate that workplace harassment significantly exacerbates the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions of burnout, although it does not significantly reduce personal accomplishment. Moreover, both workplace harassment and burnout substantially contribute to PTED, with an average PTED score among participants being 1.746, which indicates a significant level of long-term embitterment. These findings provide foundational data needed in developing intervention programs to enhance the mental health and quality of life of cabin crews and in creating healthier work environments at the corporate level, considering organizational dynamics and service performance.

Development and Validation of an Attitude Measure in Open Water Activities

Although individual attitudes play a critical role in understanding risky behaviors during open water activities, an attitude scale for open water activities has not yet been developed in the fields of sports and leisure. Thus, this study developed and validated an attitude scale for open water activities (AS-OWA) to better understand participants’ safety perceptions. For the pilot study (n = 226) and the main study (n = 392), we collected data from individuals participating in open water activities. Results showed that the AS-OWA comprised 27 items across four subfactors (i.e. appreciation, determination, imprudence, and caution) and had adequate psychometric properties. The findings of this study contribute to predicting the risky behaviors of open water activity participants and support the development of educational and intervention programs to minimize the fatality rate related to drowning.

Exploring the economic toxicity experiences and coping styles of patients with colorectal cancer fistula in Jiangsu province, China: a qualitative study

ObjectivesIn recent years, economic toxicity has significantly affected the physical and mental health as well as the quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer. However, this issue has not...

Age-related changes of node degree in the multiple-demand network predict fluid intelligence

Fluid intelligence is an individual's innate ability to cope with complex situations and is gradually reduced across adults aging. The realization of fluid intelligence requires the simultaneous activity of multiple brain regions and depends on the structural connection of distributed brain regions. Uncovering the structural features of brain connections associated with fluid intelligence decline will provide reference for the development of intervention and treatment programs for cognitive decline. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 454 healthy participants (18-87 years) from the Cam-CAN dataset, we constructed structural similarity network for each participant and calculated the node degree. Spearman correlation analysis showed that age was positively correlated with degree centrality in the cingulate cortex, left insula and subcortical regions, while negatively correlated with that in the orbito-frontal cortex, right middle temporal and precentral regions. Partial least squares (PLS) regression showed that the first PLS components explained 32% (second PLS component: 20%, pperm < 0.001) of the variance in fluid intelligence. Additionally, the degree centralities of anterior insula, supplementary motor area, prefrontal, orbito-frontal and anterior cingulate cortices, which are critical nodes of the multiple-demand network (MDN), were linked to fluid intelligence. Increased degree centrality in anterior cingulate cortex and left insula partially mediated age-related decline in fluid intelligence. Collectively, these findings suggest that the structural stability of MDN might contribute to the maintenance of fluid intelligence.

Impact of Exogenous Factors and Anesthetic Risk in Premature Birth during the Pandemic Period.

Premature birth remains a public health problem worldwide, involving a broader context and a multidisciplinary team aimed at combating this phenomenon as much as possible. The consumption of addictive substances by women who are pregnant can occur in different social contexts and at different stages of their lives, which modulate its extent. Obstetricians and anesthetists should consider the anesthetic maternal risks that may arise due to these addictive behaviors. The maternal anesthetic risk is higher in women who are pregnant with a medium-level of education, imbalanced nutrition, stress associated with physical or mental activity, affected sleep hygiene, and failed marriages. The objectives of the study refer to analyzing the impact of exogenous factors and the anesthetic risk on premature birth for women who were pregnant during the pandemic period and in women who were pregnant without COVID-19 infection. The authors studied a significant sample of 3588 women who were pregnant without COVID-19 infection, among whom 3291 gave birth at term and 297 gave birth prematurely. The methods analyzed consist of studying the specialized literature regarding the impact of exogenous factors and parturient's anesthetic risk on premature birth and identifying the regional risk profile of women who are pregnant in the southeast region of Romania compared to that identified in the specialized literature. In the analytical methods, we used a linear regression to study the incidence of exogenous risk factors on anesthetic risk in women who were pregnant with premature births compared to those with full-term births. The results confirm the significant impact of exogenous factors on anesthetic risk and the significant impact of anesthetic risk on premature births. The novelty of the study lies in highlighting the modification of the regional exogenous risk profile during the pandemic period in southeast Romania due to unfavorable socio-economic causes and the translation of grade I and II prematurity events to higher frequencies with an increased level of maternal anesthetic risk. The study findings show that the anesthetic risk is maximized in parturients with a middle school education. Additionally, the anesthetic risk of patients who are pregnant increases with the intensification of smoking adherence and its maintenance throughout the pregnancy at the same intensity. Our study aims to provide a basis for the diversification and development of community intervention programs in the post-COVID-19 era, considering the reshaping of social models and the repositioning of social principles and values. Obstetricians and anesthetists must know and promote family values to harmonize the lives of family members and provide a better life for the mother and child.

Intimate partner violence and posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescents and young adults in Haiti

Although the high prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Haiti is well-documented, its association with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among adolescents and young adults remains unexplored. Using a representative sample of adolescents and young adults from rural and urban areas across the 10 geographical regions of Haiti, this study investigates the association between IPV and PTSD symptoms. It explores the role of social support, emotion regulation, other traumatic events, and sociodemographic factors. The sample consisted of 3,586 participants, of whom 43.21 % (1,538) reported being in a dating relationship in the past year (56.04 % women). Overall, 25.53 % of the participants were categorized as having probable PTSD. Results showed that participants who experienced at least one episode of IPV victimization presented a higher prevalence of PTSD (32.28 %) compared to those who did not have any experience (16.29 %), χ2 (1) = 44.83, p < .001. The logistic regression model showed that emotional IPV, sexual IPV, traumatic life events, emotional dysregulation, and social support were associated with PTSD symptoms. This study highlights a strong association between IPV and PTSD symptoms, as well as factors that can contribute to the development and implementation of prevention and intervention programs among adolescents and young adults in Haiti.

Coalition for Global Hearing Health Hearing Care Pathways Working Group: Guidelines for Clinical Guidance for Readiness and Development of Evidence-Based Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs.

Editor's Note: The following article discusses the timely topic Clinical Guidance in the areas of Evidence-Based Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs. This article aims to discuss areas of services needed, guidance to countries/organizations attempting to initiate early hearing detection and intervention systems. Expert consensus and systematic/scoping reviews were combined to produce recommendations for evidence-based clinical practice. In Ear and Hearing, our long-term goal for the Point of View article is to stimulate the field's interest in and to enhance the appreciation of the author's area of expertise. Hearing is an important sense for children to develop cognitive, speech, language, and psychosocial skills. The goal of universal newborn hearing screening is to enable the detection of hearing loss in infants so that timely health and educational/therapeutic intervention can be provided as early as possible to improve outcomes. While many countries have implemented universal newborn hearing screening programs, many others are yet to start. As hearing screening is only the first step to identify children with hearing loss, many follow-up services are needed to help them thrive. However, not all of these services are universally available, even in high-income countries. The purposes of this article are (1) to discuss the areas of services needed in an integrated care system to support children with hearing loss and their families; (2) to provide guidance to countries/organizations attempting to initiate early hearing detection and intervention systems with the goal of meeting measurable benchmarks to assure quality; and (3) to help established programs expand and improve their services to support children with hearing loss to develop their full potential. Multiple databases were interrogated including PubMed, Medline (OVIDSP), Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Web of Science and One Search, ERIC, PsychInfo. Expert consensus and systematic/scoping reviews were combined to produce recommendations for evidence-based clinical practice. Eight essential areas were identified to be central to the integrated care: (1) hearing screening, (2) audiologic diagnosis and management, (3) amplification, (4) medical evaluation and management, (5) early intervention services, (6) family-to-family support, (7) D/deaf/hard of hearing leadership, and (8) data management. Checklists are provided to support the assessment of a country/organization's readiness and development in each area as well as to suggest alternative strategies for situations with limited resources. A three-tiered system (i.e., Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced) is proposed to help countries/organizations at all resource levels assess their readiness to provide the needed services and to improve their integrated care system. Future directions and policy implications are also discussed.

The Illness Perceptions and Coping Experiences of Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Their Spousal Caregivers: A Qualitative Study.

(1) Background: Illness perception (IP) is an important psychological construct for couples dealing with cancer, which impacts health outcomes and the psychological adjustment to cancer. More research is needed to explore the traits of IP and the efforts of couples coping with cancer. Thus, this study was designed to explore the coping experiences and features of the IPs of couples dealing with cancer. (2) Methods: A total of 24 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and 20 spousal caregivers (SCs) participated in semi-structured interviews. All interviews were recorded digitally, transcribed, and analyzed by using an inductive thematic analysis. (3) Results: Two themes (individualized and predominant IP; IP sharing and restructuring) were developed. A preliminary framework was formulated to illustrate the relations among subthemes and the relations between themes with an adjustment of a positive IP to CRC. In this framework, based on multiple sources and factors, the natural disparities formed the IPs of the partners of couples and determined the incongruence of IPs. The effects of IP incongruence on lives under the disease guided the three directions of coping approaches (i.e., information and available support, appropriate disclosure and reflection, and leaving the CRC diagnosis behind) which were adopted by couples dealing with CRC to share and restructure the IP with their spouses for effective dyadic coping. (4) Conclusions: This study provides insights to healthcare providers into the experiences of couples dealing with CRC and the development of couple-based IP intervention programs: (a) it initially provides adequate factual knowledge for enhancing beliefs in the ability to control illness, (b) encourages illness-centered conversations and disclosure regarding thoughts and emotions for promoting positive congruence of IP between the partners of couples dealing with a hard dilemma, and (c) guides couples to perceive positive changes and explore the illness's meaning. Understanding each theme of personalized IP and adopting effective IP coping approaches can help guide couples dealing with CRC to efficiently promote constructive IP and better health outcomes.

Addressing Mental Health Issues among Senior High School Students in Island Garden City of Samal: A Community-Based Intervention Program

Addressing mental health issues among high school students is an important topic, as it plays a significant role in their overall well-being and academic success. Research studies often focus on developing intervention programs to support students’ mental health needs. These programs may involve community-based approaches that aim to engage various stakeholders in promoting mental health and well-being. The action research titled “Addressing Mental Health Issues among Senior High School Students in the Island Garden City of Samal: A Community-Based Intervention Program” aims to investigate and develop an intervention program to tackle mental health issues among senior high school students in the Island Garden City of Samal. Mental health problems among adolescents have become a growing concern globally, and it is crucial to address these issues during the formative years of individuals’ lives.

The Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement in the Association Between Maltreatment and Bullying Perpetration: Testing the Differences of Gender and Household Registration

ABSTRACTAlthough previous studies have indicated that adverse childhood experiences profoundly impact children's psychological and behavioural development, comprehensive investigations into the direct and indirect mechanisms through which maltreatment affects bullying perpetration among Chinese children are lacking. This study aims to explore the effect of maltreatment on children's bullying perpetration and the potential mediating role of moral disengagement. Moreover, the gender and household registration differences in the associations are also investigated. Employing a multistage cluster sampling method, 1318 questionnaires were collected (612 males, 706 females, mean age = 15). Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the hypothesized theoretical model. The findings reveal that the experiences of maltreatment in early childhood directly influence children's bullying perpetration, with moral disengagement potentially mediating this association. Furthermore, substantial gender disparities exist in the effect of maltreatment on bullying perpetration, and notable variations based on household registration are observed in the association of maltreatment on children's moral disengagement. These findings enhance our understanding of how childhood maltreatment affects children's bullying perpetration and offer valuable insights for the development of social policy and intervention programmes targeting child maltreatment and school bullying.

Personal and work-related factors associated with post-traumatic growth in nurses: A mixed studies systematic review.

Nurses, assuming a wide range of clinical and patient care responsibilities in a healthcare team, are highly susceptible to direct and indirect exposure to traumatic experiences. However, literature has shown that nurses with certain traits developed a new sense of personal strength in the face of adversity, known as post-traumatic growth (PTG). This review aimed to synthesize the best available evidence to evaluate personal and work-related factors associated with PTG among nurses. Mixed studies systematic review. Studies examining factors influencing PTG on certified nurses from all healthcare facilities were included. Published and unpublished studies were identified by searching 12 databases from their inception until 4th February 2023. Two reviewers independently screened, appraised, piloted a data collection form, and extracted relevant data. Meta-summary, meta-synthesis, meta-analysis, as well as subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Integration of results followed result-based convergent design. A total of 98 studies with 29,706 nurses from 18 countries were included. These included 49 quantitative, 42 qualitative, and seven mixed-methods studies. Forty-six influencing factors were meta-analyzed, whereas nine facilitating factors were meta-summarized. A PTG conceptual map was created. Four constructs emerged from the integration synthesis: (a) personal system, (b) work-related system, (c) event-related factors, and (d) cognitive transformation. The review findings highlighted areas healthcare organizations could do to facilitate PTG in nurses. Practical implications include developing intervention programs based on PTG facilitators. Further research should examine the trend of PTG and its dynamic response to different nursing factors. Research on trauma-focused therapies targeting nurses' mental health is lacking. Therefore, findings from this review could inform healthcare organizations on the PTG phenomenon and developing support measures for nurses through healthcare policies and clinical practice.

Hospital Based Violence Intervention Programs Using Peer Support Specialists: A Concise Review.

Interpersonal violence remains a significant public health problem in the United States. The toll of violence has spurred the development of hospital-based violence intervention programs that use peer support specialists or navigators. Yet, their effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aims to concisely review the recent literature on the effectiveness of hospital-based violence intervention programs using the peer support specialist role. A systematic search of articles from PubMed, OVID, and Google Scholar was performed for this review. Peer reviewed studies addressing hospital-based violence intervention programs using peer support specialists between 2017 and 2022 were selected. Key data points were extracted and analyzed by consensus of the authors. Eight of the 232 studies reviewed met eligibility requirements. Across these studies, the recidivism rate was reduced between 43% and 95% in victims participating in hospital-based violence intervention programs with peer support specialists. The peer support specialist (navigator) role is central to the success of the violence intervention programs. This role guides and coordinates health services for victims of violence, extending after discharge into the community. Programs showed the most success with helping victims reach short-term goals focused on immediate basic needs but are more challenged meeting longer-term goals, such as education or relocation. This review reveals that hospital-based violence intervention programs using peer support specialists (navigators) lead to the achievement of meeting victim goals and reduce recidivism rates.