Developed Coastal Regions Research Articles

Homelessness and migration: The geography of homeless migrants in China

AbstractHomeless people have become more visible in China in recent years. However, research on Chinese homelessness in general and homeless migrants in particular is still very limited. Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this pioneering exploration of the geography of homeless migrants in China arrives at three conclusions. First, although homeless migrants are often scorned as an underclass of derelict drifters, the majority are educated, married, and employed, sometimes temporarily. Second, although most homeless migrants congregate in the most developed coastal regions, the number of homeless migrants as a proportion of total migrants is relatively high in some remote provinces, with significant numbers residing in rural areas. Third, in addition to the three established drivers: the housing market, economic opportunity, and social support, prejudice towards the homeless is shown to be an important factor in the concentration of homeless migrants and their exclusion from urban society. This paper contributes to an understanding of homeless migrants in China and the factors accounting for their spatial distribution.

Controls on shallow gas distribution, migration, and associated geohazards in the Yangtze subaqueous delta and the Hangzhou Bay

Shallow gas is generally extensively distributed in the Holocene muddy sediments and gas seepage has been increasingly reported to induce geohazards in coastal seas, but controls on gas distribution and migration remain elusive. This study explores gas distribution and migration in the Yangtze subaqueous delta and the Hangzhou Bay using high-resolution acoustic profiles and core data. Shallow gas is widely detected by the common presence of acoustic anomalous reflections including enhanced reflection, gas chimney, bright spot, acoustic blanking, and acoustic turbidity. The gas front depth is generally less than 17.5 m, and is meanly shallower in the Hangzhou Bay than in the Yangtze subaqueous delta because of relatively shallower water depth and coarser Holocene sediments in the Hangzhou Bay. Shallow gas is inferred to be a biogenic product, and its distribution is highly contingent on the Holocene stratal thickness and water depth. Active gas migration and seepages are evident, and recently increasing occurrences of gas seepage can be ascribed to global warming and seabed erosion due to sediment deficit. The findings warn us to pay more attention to the positive feedback loops of gas seepages with global warming and seabed erosion for the associated geohazard prediction and reduction, typically in the highly developed coastal regions.

Spatio-temporal variation on syphilis from 2005 to 2018 in Zhejiang Province, China.

BackgroundSyphilis has spread throughout China, especially in Zhejiang Province which endangers the health and lives of people. However, the spatial and temporal epidemiological studies of syphilis in Zhejiang are not thorough enough. The temporal and spatial variation and the relevant factors of syphilis incidence should be analyzed for more effective prevention and control in Zhejiang, China.MethodsData on confirmed cases of syphilis in Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2018 was used and the spatio–temporal distributions were described. The spatial autocorrelation analysis and SaTScan analysis were performed to identify spatio–temporal clusters. A Bayesian spatial Conditional Autoregression (CAR) model was constructed to explore the relationships between syphilis incidence and common social and natural indicators.Results474,980 confirmed cases of syphilis were reported between 2005 and 2018 with a large peak in 2010. Farmers and unemployed people accounted for the largest proportion of confirmed cases. And the significant spatial clusters of syphilis were concentrated in the north of Zhejiang Province, especially in more economically developed regions. Seven spatio–temporal clusters were identified and the main three high–risk areas were located in Hangzhou (RR = 1.62, P < 0.05), Zhoushan and Ningbo (RR = 1.99, P < 0.05), and Lishui (RR = 1.68, P < 0.05). The findings showed that the morbidity of syphilis was positively correlated with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, the number of health technicians per 10,000 people, the proportion of the elderly and air temperature were negatively correlated with the proportion of the urban population, the proportion of men and precipitation.ConclusionsThe spatio–temporal analysis revealed that the prevalence of syphilis was still serious in Zhejiang Province. Syphilis high–risk areas were mainly located in the more developed coastal regions where more targeted intervention measures were required to be implemented. The study highlighted the need to strengthen Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) screening and health education for high–risk groups and improve the coverage of syphilis testing to reduce hidden syphilis cases.

China's transportation sector carbon dioxide emissions efficiency and its influencing factors based on the EBM DEA model with undesirable outputs and spatial Durbin model

The threat of global climate change has caused the international community to pay close attention to atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Transportation sector carbon dioxide emissions efficiency (TSCDEE) is a key indicator used to prioritize sustainable development in the transportation sector. In this paper, the epsilon-based measure data envelopment analysis model with undesirable outputs is applied to estimate TSCDEE for 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2016. We also analyze influencing factors using the spatial Durbin model. Research shows that the overall TSCDEE of the Chinese provinces studied was 0.618, indicating that most regions are still in need of improvements. The provinces with the highest TSCDEE are located in developed coastal regions of China. This study shows that factors such as transportation structure, traffic infrastructure level, and technological progress have prominent positive effects on TSCDEE, while both urbanization level and urban population density exert significantly negative effects on TSCDEE. The findings should have a far-reaching impact on the sustainable development of global transportation.

Financialization in the making of the new Wuhan

The miraculous growth of China, particularly in its large cities, has received much attention in recent decades. Most literature, however, concentrates on large and developed coastal regions or globalizing cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen; far less is known about central or western cities, where the unprecedented growth and new construction are also taking place. Moreover, little is known about the actual process of their city making, especially from a financial perspective. To address these gaps, in this article we examine the making of the new Wuhan, capital city of Hubei Province and central China, to interrogate the actual process by which underdeveloped or developing Chinese cities resort to financialization to achieve planning aims, build new spaces, and fund infrastructures. Through case studies, fieldwork, and interviews conducted during the past several years in the contexts of three typical projects - Zhongshan Avenue (ZA), East Lake Greenway (ELG), and 27 Riverside Business District (RBD) - we examine their modalities, evaluate their effects, and articulate specific institutional arrangements: the local financing platform (LFP), the project land package, and various actual efforts to construct these projects. Through these case studies, we contribute to the literature on urban China by highlighting the close relationship between planning strategies and urban financialization. Our findings highlight China’s ‘state entrepreneurism’, especially the active role of the local states when producing new spaces. We call for further attention to the variegated modalities and effects of financialization across different contexts, in particular that of emerging Chinese cities.

基于Super-SBM模型的中国省域城市工业用地生态效率时空演变及影响因素研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于Super-SBM模型的中国省域城市工业用地生态效率时空演变及影响因素研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201811162490 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41661113）；江西省社会科学规划项目（18YJ13） Spatio-temporal changes of eco-efficiency and influencing factors of industrial land use at the provincial level of China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:研究城市工业用地生态效率能够准确认识当前城市工业用地可持续发展水平，对节约和集约用地具有重要意义。以省域为单位，运用Super-SBM模型测算2000-2016年中国30个省（市、区）城市工业用地生态效率，分析其时空演变特征，并运用面板数据模型对其影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明：（1）2000-2016年中国城市工业用地生态效率总体呈下降趋势，总体下降5.81%，年均下降0.35%，其过程呈现"先下降后上升"两阶段变化特征；（2）工业用地生态效率均值相对无效率城市远多于相对有效率城市，生态效率均值最高的是海南，其次为北京和上海，排在最后三位的是四川、江西、山西；（3）生态效率有效的省（市、区）个数先大幅度减少后小幅度增多，有效区域由东部地区、西北、东北地区向东南地区、东北经济发达沿海地区、西北地区、华北地区转移；（4）2000-2016年城市工业用地生态效率均值按从大到小排序依次为华南地区、华北地区、华东地区、西北地区、东北地区、西南地区和华中地区，区域间城市工业用地生态效率存在较为显著的差异，且随着城市工业的发展区域差异呈增大趋势；（5）环境管制力度、工业行业集聚程度、工业对外开放水平对城市工业用地生态效率起显著正向促进作用，而经济发展水平、土地市场化水平、工业行业产权结构、土地使用成本对城市工业用地生态效率则起显著负向阻碍作用，工业能源消费结构、工业产业结构对城市工业用地生态效率影响不大。从研究数据与指标选取的局限性以及未来研究的重点方向等方面进行了探讨。 Abstract:The current sustainable development level of urban industrial land could be accurately judged by researching the eco-efficiency of urban industrial land, which is of great significance for conservation and intensive land use. Super-SBM model is used to calculate the eco-efficiency of urban industrial land in 30 provinces (cities and districts) from 2000 to 2016 and to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of urban industrial land eco-efficiency as well as the empirical analysis of influencing factors by using panel data model. The results showed that:(1) The eco-efficiency of urban industrial land use outnumbered a downward trend from 2000 to 2016, with an overall decrease of 5.81% and annual average decrease of 0.35%, containing a characteristic of a two-stage change of "decrease firstly and then increase" during the process. (2) The cities with effective eco-efficiency of urban industrial land use outnumber those of ineffective eco-efficiency. Hainan was ranked top according to the ecological efficiency on average, followed by Beijing and Shanghai and the last three were Sichuan, Jiangxi, and Shanxi. (3) The number of eco-efficient provinces (cities and districts) decreased greatly firstly and then increased slightly. The effective regions had transferred from eastern, northwestern, and northeastern regions to southeastern regions, northeast economic developed coastal regions, northwestern regions and northern regions in China. (4) The means of ecological efficiency of urban industrial land in descending order was respectively South China, North China, East China, Northwest China, Northeast China, Southwest China, and central China from 2000 to 2016. There were significant differences in the eco-efficiency of urban industrial land among regions and the regional differences enlarged with the development of urban industry. (5) The strength of environmental regulation, industrial agglomeration and industrial opening to the outside world played a significant positive role in promoting the ecological efficiency of urban industrial land whereas economic development level, the level of land marketization and industrial property structure played the opposite role and the industrial energy consumption structure and industrial structure had no significant effect on ecological efficiency. In the end of the paper, there was a detailed discussion about the limitations of data and index selection in this study and the key directions of future research. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Optimization of Chemical Oxygen Demand Determination in Seawater Samples Using the Alkaline Potassium Permanganate Method

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a practical parameter that is used to estimate the amount of organic pollutants in aqueous systems. It is generally used as a guideline to control the quality of waste treatment effluent globally and is a management tool to evaluate the total pollution load in the highly developed coastal regions of Korea. It is a preferred method because of the speed and simplicity of the analysis and because there are fewer instrumentation requirements. The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) of the Republic of Korea developed a standard procedure for the measurement of COD. It has been revised several times, and the most recent revision was made in 2013 (MOF 2013–230). In this study, we modified the standard COD measurement procedure (MOF 2013–230), especially the sample digestion apparatus, to enhance analytical efficiency for a large sample number (batch), which is called a Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) modified MOF 2013–230. We examined uncertainty related to each experimental step and optimized laboratory conditions to reduce such uncertainties. The detection limit and estimated expanded uncertainty related to the KIOST modified MOF 2013–230 was 0.18 and 0.11 mg O2/L at a 95% confidence level (k = 2), respectively. This study also provides several tips to maintain consistent COD measurements in seawater using the alkaline potassium permanganate method.

Effects of sea level rise on economic development and regional disparity in China

Among the climate change-induced threats to coastal regions, sea level rise is considered as the most serious one. Most large and prosperous cities in China are located along coastal regions and are thus likely to suffer huge economic impacts when a sea level rise occurs. The effects on coastal regions can also be transmitted to inland regions through movement of labor and trade, thus affecting regional disparity. To strengthen evidence-based policies of abatement and adaptation, it is essential to assess the economic impacts of sea level rise in addition to the physical impacts already investigated in the literature. Based on data from GIS analysis of flooded areas, this study uses a state-of-the-art technique (TERM-China, a multiregional general equilibrium model of China) to evaluate the economic impacts of sea level rise. The simulation results suggest that if the sea level rise coincides with sudden-onset extreme storm surges, the coastal regions’ GDP loss would reach 11% in 2050, wherein Tianjin, Shanghai, and Jiangsu would have the most severe losses with over a 20% decline in their individual GDP in 2050. At the sectoral level, high capital-intensive sectors have more significant output losses. Our results also indicate that sea level rise could cause more unemployment in developed coastal regions, drive people to other developing inland regions, and even convert some mega-cities into middle-scale cities.

Increased human occupation and agricultural development accelerates the population contraction of an estuarine delphinid.

Over the past few thousand years, human development and population expansion in southern China have led to local extirpation and population contraction of many terrestrial animals. At what extent this early human-induced environmental change has also affected coastal marine species remains poorly known. We investigated the demographic history of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD); an obligatory inshore species known for its susceptibility to anthropogenic impacts in one of China’s most developed coastal regions. Although the deltaic evolution of PRD has been influenced by climate since the Holocene, ~74% reduction of the dolphin’s effective population size occurred within the last 2000 years, consistent with ~61% habitat contraction during this period. This considerable and recent population contraction may have been due to land use practices and deforestation in the upper/middle Pearl River region, all leading to increasing sedimentation rate in the estuarine area. As anthropogenic impacts within the drainage of Pearl River affected a vast area, coastal dolphins and large terrestrial mammals in southern China may share a similar demographic history, whilst the demographic and biogeographic history of the PRD humpback dolphins may be symptomatic of similar processes that this species may have undergone elsewhere in the region.

Ambient air benzene at background sites in China's most developed coastal regions: Exposure levels, source implications and health risks

Benzene is a known human carcinogen causing leukemia, yet ambient air quality objectives for benzene are not available in China. The ambient benzene levels at four background sites in China's most developed coastal regions were measured from March 2012 to February 2013. The sites are: SYNECP, in the Northeast China Plain (NECP); YCNCP, in the North China Plain (NCP); THYRD, in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and DHPRD, in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). It was found that the mean annual benzene levels (578–1297ppt) at the background sites were alarmingly higher, especially when compared to those of 60–480pptv monitored in 28 cities in the United States. Wintertime benzene levels were significantly elevated at both sites (SYNECP and YCNCP) in northern China due to heating with coal/biofuels. Even at these background sites, the lifetime cancer risks of benzene (1.7–3.7E−05) all exceeded 1E−06 set by USEPA as acceptable for adults. At both sites in northern China, good correlations between benzene and CO or chloromethane, together with much lower toluene/benzene (T/B) ratios, suggested that benzene was largely related to coal combustion and biomass/biofuel burning. At the DHPRD site in the PRD, benzene revealed a highly significant correlation with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), indicating that its source was predominantly from vehicle emissions. At the THYRD site in the YRD, higher T/B ratios and correlations between benzene and tetrachloroethylene, or MTBE, implied that benzene levels were probably affected by both traffic-related and industrial emissions.

Regional Incomes in Portugal: Industrialisation, Integration and Inequality, 1890-1980

AbstractThe analysis of the evolution of the location of economic activity in Portugal between 1890 and 1980 depicts a strong concentration of productive activity in the coastal regions. We estimate data for regional GDP per capita, which show that the evolution of regional inequality followed an inverted U-curve, in line with that observed in other regions of Europe, but with a rather late peak, in 1970. The reasons for this behaviour may be found in the limits to industrialisation in the interior regions and the benefits generated by the agglomeration economies in the more developed coastal regions.

黄河三角洲区域生态经济系统动态耦合过程及趋势

黄河三角洲地区正处于快速开发建设时期,资源丰富,但生态环境脆弱,区域生态经济耦合状况影响着区域可持续发展的态势。借鉴一般系统论的思想,构建了区域生态经济系统耦合过程模型,定量分析了黄河三角洲区域生态经济系统的耦合过程与演进趋势。结果表明:1990年以来黄河三角洲区域生态系统综合指数与经济系统综合指数均呈上升趋势,区域资源供给和生态环境调节能力逐渐提高,经济生产能力和社会消费水平不断提升;黄河三角洲区域生态系统与经济系统总体上处于互动协调发展状态,1990-2007年区域生态经济系统耦合度指数先增加后减少,耦合过程经历了由相悖发展到良性耦合的过程;按照区域生态经济系统耦合趋势外推,2019年将接近最佳耦合点45°;区域生态经济系统仍处于较低水平的良性耦合,区域生态经济发展的速度和质量有待进一步提升。应协同推进区域经济生态化和生态经济化建设,建立高效生态经济体系,努力实现区域生态资源资产化、价值化,提升区域生态经济系统耦合的状态水平。;Recently, the dynamic process of regional eco-economic system development has become the hot spot of academic research. Although some models were used to estimate the sustainability of regional eco-economic system, a comprehensive and dynamic index model has not been built yet. The evolution of regional eco-economic system is a dynamic and spiral development process from low-level combination to high-level harmonious coupling state, which is propelled by interaction and mutual influence between Resource-Environment subsystem and Economy-Society subsystem. The aims of regional eco-economic system development are to enhance ecology and economy, and to balance the limitless demand of Economy-Society subsystem and limited supply of Resource-Environment subsystem as well. The regional eco-economic system development is featured by metabolic process through the exchange of materials, energy and information between Resource-Environment subsystem and Economy-Society subsystem. The Yellow River Delta has entered a new period of fast construction and rapid development, since the High Efficiency Eco-economic Zone Plan in Yellow River Delta was implemented in 2006. Though there are abundant resources such as uncultivated land, salt and petroleum, the eco-environment in the Delta is very vulnerable. The large-scale resource exploitation will lead to resource damages or environmental pollution. In order to minimize the influence from economic and social activities, the Circular Economy mode would be a favorable developing strategy for the Yellow River Delta. The coupling state of regional eco-economic system has a decisive effect on the pattern and pace of sustainable development. Based on the General System Theory, a processing model of regional eco-economic system is built up in this paper. The coupling degree of the processes and tendency of regional eco-economic system is examined by the processing coupling model. Data and materials were collected from Dongying Statistical Yearbook 1991-2008, land use investigation by the Ministry of Land and Resources of China and Remote Sensing images interpreted by Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences (RESDC). The research finds include: Both of the index of Resource-Environment subsystem (<em>f</em>(<em>en</em>)) and the index of Economy-Society subsystem (<em>f(el)</em>) increased from 1990 to 2007. It indicated that the capabilities of resources supplies and environmental adjustment improved dramatically, and both economic and social progresses made remarkable achievements. Furthermore, the interaction between Resource-Environment subsystem and Economy-Society subsystem is entering a new phase of harmonious and interactive development as a whole. The coupling indices increased from 1990 to 2001 and then decreased from 2001 to 2007, which experienced a process of from inharmonious to concerted coupling. Based on the Trend extrapolation Method, the coupling degree will reach 45° in 2019, the optimal coupling point. However, the coupling state is still at a lower harmonious state, since the level of GDP per capita and urbanization at this area is lower than other developed coastal regions. To achieve a higher harmonious level and coordinate the progresses of ecological economization and economic ecologization, the High Efficient Eco-economic Zone Plan should be strictly implemented.

Local state and administrative urbanization in post-reform China: A case study of Hebi City, Henan Province

China’s rapid growth over the last three decades has attracted much academic attention. In the post-reform era, economic growth has been paralleled by rapid urbanization. China’s urbanization experience has been shaped heavily by the state through national urban policies as well as through local administrative means. Much has been written about large Chinese cities in the more developed coastal regions, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, but little is known about the process of city-making in medium-sized and small Chinese cities, especially those in the less developed central and western regions of the country. This paper sheds light on the processes of urban transformation in Hebi, a medium-sized inland city in Henan Province, emphasizing the critical role that the local state has played in city-making, the mechanisms and processes of change, and the resultant impacts on the city. As a mining city, Hebi has been threatened by depleting natural resources. To invigorate the city, a new city center has been built to attract new enterprises. Through intensive interviews and fieldwork conducted in 2007 and 2008, we examine what the city government of Hebi has done to turn the newly constructed urban space into a new administrative and economic center of the city. With the establishment of new enterprises, the local economy has been diversified, although coal continues to be a major component of Hebi’s economy. The role of the local state in the production and development of the new urban space is direct and forceful. As local state policies on urban development have been implemented by strong administrative means, we conceptualize the contemporary Chinese model of urbanization as “administrative urbanization”. One problem with this kind of state-dominated urbanization and city-making is that the needs of the people are not fully considered, and it is unclear who the major beneficiaries are. More case studies are needed to determine how economic and political forces are driving China’s land-based urban development, the extent to which local states are understood as entrepreneurial, profit-seeking and pro-growth, the relationship between the local state and other stake-holders in local urban development, and who has benefited from administrative urbanization.

Flow regionalization in the upper Paraguay basin, Brazil

In Brazil the cost of collecting hydrological data is very high because drainage basins are large, access is poorly developed and the terrain often difficult. Both inland areas and the more developed coastal regions require knowledge of water resources in terms of basin yield and flood discharges. This paper describes procedures established for the regionalization of flood peaks, mean flows and low flows, based upon existing literature and the kind of hydrological data available in Brazil. The procedures were prepared for use to be used in the Pantanal, a large swamp area in the basin of the Paraguay River (360 000 km2).