Background: Hearing impairment is the most prevalent sensory deficiency among humans. Scientists have been actively studying the genetic factors behind human hearing loss in recent years. A considerable proportion of hearing impairment cases can be due to genetic aetiologies. Numerous specific genes have been linked to inherited hearing impairments. At present, scientists globally are engaged in genomics-driven research and development related to hearing. Methods: The search for recent research articles on gene therapy for hearing loss was done with databases Scopus, PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. This review article discusses the gene therapy for hearing loss. Results: Screening approaches, coupled with next-generation sequencing technologies, are being employed to analyse groups of individuals affected by hearing loss who are suspected to share common genetic mutations. This approach aims to accurately diagnose patients with hearing impairments. Conclusion: This review article discusses gene therapy techniques for the restoration or preservation of hearing, focusing on methods for delivering genes to target cells using viral or non-viral vectors. The review also covers technology targeted at creating gene therapy as a potential therapeutic option in the near future and emphasises recent developments in gene therapy for hearing loss.