Detoxification Methods Research Articles

Pleurotus spp.-an effective way in degradation mycotoxins? A comprehensive review.

Mycotoxins-secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungal species-occur as a global problem in agriculture due to the reduction in crop quality and the negative effects on human and animal health. There is a need to develop environment-friendly methods of detoxification. In recent years, a number of biological methods for the removal/degradation of mycotoxins have been described. One of them-particularly interesting due to its high effectiveness-is mycoremediation, which involves the ability of Pleurotus spp. mushrooms to remove toxic contaminants from the environment and food. Pleurotus spp. biosynthesizes ligninolytic enzymes, such as laccase and manganese peroxidase that are the main factors of enzymatic degradation of various pollutants, including mycotoxins. The degradation process of mycotoxins (especially aflatoxins) with the participation of isolated enzymes reaches approximately 30-100%, depending on the culture conditions, substrate, and mediators used. In the food industry, their application may include, among others, the detoxification of animal feed from mycotoxins or fermentation products (e.g., juices and wines). While these applications are promising, they require further research to expand toxicological knowledge and optimize their use. This review presents current research on this new and very promising topic related to the use of edible Pleurotus spp. mushrooms in the process of biological degradation of toxic fungal metabolites.

The strategy of using heme proteins and synthetic porphyrins as injectable antidotes for fire gas poisoning

Abstract During fire accidents, 2 highly toxic components of fire smoke, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), are produced simultaneously, and more than 50% of fire-related deaths can be attributed to the inhalation of these toxic gases. Despite the different CO and HCN detoxification mechanisms, oxygen (O2) ventilation is currently the primary clinical treatment, and no alternative methods are available at present. In this review, the toxicological mechanisms of CO and HCN are investigated with an emphasis on the toxic effects of their combination. On the basis of these toxic mechanisms, the advantages and disadvantages of the current clinical detoxification methods are analyzed and discussed. We also summarize the latest advancements in the development of CO- and HCN-scavenging antidotes, highlighting the strategy of using synthetic iron porphyrins that have been synthesized mainly in our laboratory as water-soluble synthetic hemoglobin biomimetics.

Negative Effects of Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed and Biological Methods of Their Detoxification: A Review.

Secondary metabolic products of molds, called mycotoxins, negatively affect animal health and production. They constitute a significant problem in veterinary and medical sciences, and their presence has been confirmed in feed all over the world. Applying appropriate agricultural practices and ensuring proper storage conditions significantly reduces the contamination of agricultural products with mycotoxins. However, this does not guarantee that raw materials are completely free from contamination. Many detoxification methods are currently used, but their insufficient effectiveness and negative impact on the quality of the raw material subjected to them significantly limits their usefulness. The positive results of eliminating mycotoxins from many products have been proven by the specific properties of microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, and fungi) and the enzymes they produce. Biological detoxification methods seem to offer the most promising opportunities to solve the problem of the presence of mycotoxins in animal food. This work, based on literature data, presents the health risks to farm animals consuming mycotoxins with feed and discusses the biological methods of their purification.

Efficacy of Cytokine Hemoadsorption with Efferon CT in Severe Acute Pancreatitis

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cytokine hemoadsorption on clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Materials and methods. The single-center, observational, controlled pilot study included 34 patients, 25 men (73.4%) and 9 women (26.4%), treated for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) at the N. V. Sklifosovsky Emergency Care Research Institute from May 2022 to August 2023 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05695001). The mean age of the patients was 42.7±12.6 years. Participants were divided into two groups. In the main group (8 men and 1 woman], mean age 37.2±9.4 years), standard care was supplemented by selective cytokine hemoadsorption (SCH) and renal replacement therapy (RRT) using continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in the first 72 hours after the onset of abdominal pain syndrome (APS). In the control group (N=25, 18 men and 7 women], mean age 44.7±13.2 years), patients were managed similarly except for SCH.Results. After 24 hours in the ICU, the study group had significantly lower levels of lactate (P=0.045) and IL-6 (P<0.001) than the control group. Lactate and IL-6 concentrations remained significantly different between groups at 72 hours (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). ICU stay was significantly shorter in the study group, with a median of 6 days [95% CI, 4–25] before transfer to the general ward, whereas patients in the control group spent 37 days [95% CI, 22–73] in the ICU (P<0.001).Conclusion. CVVH is an effective method of extracorporeal detoxification in the management of SAP, but it is less specific than cytokine adsorption in terms of elimination of proinflammatory markers. The data obtained provide sufficient evidence to consider the combination of these two modalities as the most effective approach for the management of SAP.

Characteristics of a Novel Zearalenone Lactone Hydrolase ZHRnZ and Its Thermostability Modification.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by the Fusarium fungi, which widely contaminates grains, food, and feed, causing health hazards for humans and animals. Therefore, it is essential to find effective ZEN detoxification methods. Enzymatic degradation of ZEN is believed to be an eco-friendly detoxification strategy, specifically thermostable ZEN degradation enzymes are needed in the food and feed industry. In this study, a novel ZEN lactone hydrolase ZHRnZ from Rosellinia necatrix was discovered using bioinformatic and molecular docking technology. The recombinant ZHRnZ showed the best activity at pH 9.0 and 45 °C with more than 90% degradation for ZEN, α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) and α-zearalanol (α-ZAL) after incubation for 15 min. We obtained 10 mutants with improved thermostability by single point mutation technology. Among them, mutants E122Q and E122R showed the best performance, which retained more than 30% of their initial activity at 50 °C for 2 min, and approximately 10% of their initial activity at 60 °C for 1 min. The enzymatic kinetic study showed that the catalytic efficiency of E122R was 1.3 times higher than that of the wild-type (WT). Comprehensive consideration suggests that mutant E122R is a promising hydrolase to detoxify ZEN in food and feed.

Identification and application of a novel patulin degrading enzyme from Cyberlindnera fabianii

Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin commonly found in fruits and vegetables, prompting the need for effective removal and detoxification methods, which have garnered significant research attention in recent years. Among these methods, the utilization of microbial-derived enzymes stands out due to their mild operating conditions, specificity in targeted functional groups, and the production of non-toxic by-products, making it a preferred degradation approach. In this study, a novel PAT-degrading enzyme derived from Cyberlindnera fabianii (Cyfa-SDR) was identified, demonstrating its highest catalytic activity at pH 7.0 and 80 °C against PAT. This temperature tolerance level represents the highest reported for PAT-degrading enzymes to date. The enzyme was further characterized as a short-chain dehydrogenase through analysis of its amino acid composition, conserved GXXXGXG motif, and dependency on NADPH. Moreover, the study evaluated the efficiency of PAT degradation by Cyfa-SDR at varying substrate and enzyme concentrations, surpassing the performance of other PAT-degrading enzymes, thus highlighting its substantial potential for the biological control of PAT. In conclusion, the enzymatic treatment using the PAT-degrading enzyme Cyfa-SDR presents a viable and promising solution for enhancing the quality and safety of fruit juice.

Effectiveness of Bairui granules in the treatment of respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are characterized by a high mortality rate and clinical incidence. Bairui granules (BG), which employ a method of heat elimination and detoxification, have demonstrated benefits in the treatment of infectious respiratory diseases. A computerized search of 6 databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) relevant to the treatment of RTIs with BG up to November 30, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and grading analysis. To evaluate the stability of the results, trial sequential analysis was employed. This meta-analysis included 31 RCTs with a total of 4073 patients and demonstrated that the use of BG in the treatment of RTIs was associated with enhanced treatment efficacy (relative risk = 1.19, 95% credible interval: 1.16-1.22, P < .001). It also indicated a faster resolution of symptoms including pulmonary rales, cough, and fever, as well as a reduction in serological index factors, compared to the use of Western medicine treatment (WT) alone. Additionally, the duration of hospitalization for patients was significantly reduced (relative risk = -1.36, 95% credible interval: -1.55 to -1.17, P < .001). Trial sequential analysis confirmed the stability and conclusive evidence of the study results. The efficacy of treating RTIs with BG, either alone or in combination with WT, was found to be superior to WT alone. However, further high-quality RCTs are necessary to validate these outcomes. The effectiveness of treating RTIs using BG alone or in combination with WT was determined to be superior to using WT alone, with no serious adverse effects observed. However, additional RCTs are essential to further confirm the findings of this study.

Bioenzymatic detoxification of mycotoxins.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced during the growth, storage, and transportation of crops contaminated by fungi and are physiologically toxic to humans and animals. Aflatoxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin, patulin, and fumonisin are the most common mycotoxins and can cause liver and nervous system damage, immune system suppression, and produce carcinogenic effects in humans and animals that have consumed contaminated food. Physical, chemical, and biological methods are generally used to detoxify mycotoxins. Although physical methods, such as heat treatment, irradiation, and adsorption, are fast and simple, they have associated problems including incomplete detoxification, limited applicability, and cause changes in food characteristics (e.g., nutritive value, organoleptic properties, and palatability). Chemical detoxification methods, such as ammonification, ozonation, and peroxidation, pollute the environment and produce food safety risks. In contrast, bioenzymatic methods are advantageous as they achieve selective detoxification and are environmentally friendly and reusable; thus, these methods are the most promising options for the detoxification of mycotoxins. This paper reviews recent research progress on common mycotoxins and the enzymatic principles and mechanisms for their detoxification, analyzes the toxicity of the degradation products and describes the challenges faced by researchers in carrying out enzymatic detoxification. In addition, the application of enzymatic detoxification in food and feed is discussed and future directions for the development of enzymatic detoxification methods are proposed for future in-depth study of enzymatic detoxification methods.

Ayurvedic Principles for Holistic Wellness: A Comprehensive Guide to One’s Health

Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medical system, promotes a holistic approach to health, stressing the connection between the body, mind, and spirit. This extensive guide introduces Ayurvedic principles aimed at achieving holistic health, with a focus on the "One Health" concept that links personal well-being with environmental balance. It covers the fundamental aspects of Ayurveda, including the three Doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha), which symbolize different bodily energies and their impact on health. The guide provides dietary recommendations, lifestyle practices, and therapeutic techniques tailored to individual constitutions and imbalances. It underscores the significance of preventive care, emphasizing the role of daily routines, seasonal adjustments, and mindful living in maintaining balance. Additionally, the guide explores the use of herbal remedies, detoxification methods, and mental health practices such as meditation and yoga to enhance overall wellness. By harmonizing personal health with the natural world, Ayurvedic principles advocate for a sustainable and balanced way of living. This guide is a valuable resource for those looking to improve their well-being through Ayurveda, offering practical advice and actionable steps to achieve a state of health and vitality.

Studying the toxicity and safety of the carbon mass of hemosorbent

In recent years, methods of extracorporeal detoxification using carbon materials have received due recognition and widespread development. Carbon materials for blood detoxification based on coal have firmly taken a dominant position among sorption materials. This is due, first of all, to the fact that carbon sorbents have wide possibilities for selecting the required physicochemical and structural sorption characteristics. It has been established that a single oral administration of biomass to rats at a dose of 75 mg/kg does not cause any signs of intoxication. At the same time, no animal deaths were recorded throughout the entire observation period. There were no gender differences in the sensitivity of rats to the action of the drug. Due to the lack of mortality in the dose range studied, the lethal doses of LD100 and LD50 could not be determined.

Vitamin C-reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4 composite for simultaneous removal of aflatoxin B1 and benzo(a)pyrene in vegetable oils

Vegetable oils are essential constituent of the daily dietary intake. Nevertheless, they often contain aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo(a)pyrene (BAP). Physical adsorption is the most commonly used detoxification method in the vegetable oils industry. Regrettably, the previously reported adsorbents have exhibited limited efficacy, rendering them inadequate for meeting the requirements of large-scale production of edible oils. In this work, a superparamagnetic Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using vitamin C (VC), and systematically characterized. The Vitamin C-reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4 composite (VC-rGO/Fe3O4) could serve as an efficient adsorbent in edible vegetable oils for the simultaneous removal of AFB1 and BAP. The results of the batch adsorption studies indicated that the pseudo-second order model and Sips model, respectively, were the best fit kinetic model and adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption of AFB1 and BAP on VC-rGO/Fe3O4 was spontaneous, which included both physical and chemical adsorption processes. The removal efficiencies of VC-rGO/Fe3O4 in 13 vegetable oils were evaluated, revealing a wide range of practical applications. Moreover, the quality and safety of detoxified vegetable oils is acceptable. Therefore, VC-rGO/Fe3O4 have been tested as promising candidates for the simultaneous removal of AFB1 and BAP in edible vegetable oils.

Screening of glucosinolates degrading lactic acid bacteria and their utilization in rapeseed meal fermentation

Rapeseed meal is a promising food ingredient, but its utilization is limited by the presence of some potentially harmful ingredients, such as glucosinolates. Fermentation is a cost-effective method of detoxication but a food-grade starter culture with glucosinolates degradation capacity is required. In this study, 46 strains of lactic acid bacteria from traditional paocai brines were screened for their ability to glucosinolate degradation. The results showed that more than 50% of the strains significantly degraded glucosinolates. Two strains of Lactiplantibacillus (p7 and s7) with high capacity of glucosinolates degradation through producing enzymes were identified. Then, an optimized condition for rapeseed meal fermentation by p7 was established to degrade glucosinolates, which can achieve about 80% degradation. UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis showed that the degradation rate of individual glucosinolates was different and the degradation rate of gluconapin and progoitrin in rapeseed meal can reach more than 90%. Meanwhile, fermentation with p7 can improve safety of rapeseed meal by inhibiting the growth of Enterobacteriaceae and improve its nutritional properties by degrading phytic acid. The in vitro digestion experiments showed that the content of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal decreased significantly during gastric digestion. Meanwhile, fermentation with p7 can greatly improve the release of soluble protein and increase the contents of free essential amino acids, such as lysine (increased by 12 folds) and methionine (increased by 10 folds).

A novel strategy for detoxification of deoxynivalenol via modification of both toxic groups

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most abundant mycotoxin in cereal crops and derived foods and is of great concern in agriculture. Bioremediation strategies have long been sought to minimize the impact of mycotoxin contamination, but few direct and effective enzyme-catalyzed detoxification methods are currently available. In this study, we established a multi-enzymatic cascade reaction and successfully achieved detoxification at double sites: glutathionylation for the C-12,13 epoxide group and epimerization for the C-3 hydroxyl group. This yielded novel derivatives of DON, 3-epi-DON-13-glutathione (3-epi-DON-13-GSH) as well as its by-product, 3-keto-DON-13-GSH, for which precise structures were validated via liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Both cell viability and DNA synthesis assays demonstrated dramatically decreased cytotoxicity of the double-site modified product 3-epi-DON-13-GSH. These findings provide a promising and urgently needed novel method for addressing the problem of DON contamination in agricultural and industrial settings.

Detoxification Methods of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake and Its Potential Utilization as Animal Feed

Detoxification Methods of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake and Its Potential Utilization as Animal Feed

Blood Lead Level as Marker of Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer in BRCA1 Carriers.

BRCA1 mutations substantially elevate the risks of breast and ovarian cancer. Various modifiers, including environmental factors, can influence cancer risk. Lead, a known carcinogen, has been associated with various cancers, but its impact on BRCA1 carriers remains unexplored. A cohort of 989 BRCA1 mutation carriers underwent genetic testing at the Pomeranian Medical University, Poland. Blood lead levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Each subject was assigned to a category based on their tertile of blood lead. Cox regression analysis was used to assess cancer risk associations. Elevated blood lead levels (>13.6 μg/L) were associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer (univariable: HR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.23-9.00; p = 0.02; multivariable: HR = 2.10; 95% CI: 0.73-6.01; p = 0.17). No significant correlation was found with breast cancer risk. High blood lead levels are associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 carriers, suggesting priority for preventive salpingo-oophorectomy. Potential risk reduction strategies include detoxification. Validation in diverse populations and exploration of detoxification methods for lowering lead levels are required.

Non-Pigmented Antarctic Yeasts and Their Resistance to Toxic Metals

Despite the key role in biogeochemical processes and in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, yeasts of Antarctic regions still remain insufficiently studied. The study and analysis of the composition of Antarctic microbial communities remains relevant and is carried out using molecular biological approaches. The investigation of their resistance to toxic metal ions is essential to select industrially promising strains that can contribute to the development of new methods of metals detoxification via microorganisms. Aim. To determine the taxonomic position of non-pigmented Antarctic yeasts and investigate their resistance to toxic metal ions. Methods. The objects of the research are yeasts isolated from Antarctic phytocenoses. They were grown on malt wort (pH 5.0–5.5, temperature 18–20 °C). Isolation of genomic DNA was performed via the commercial DNA-sorb kit. Amplification of DNA was carried out using primers NL1 and NL4. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by construction of trees (dendrograms) showing the position of the studied strains among closely related and typical species. The resistance of yeasts to toxic metal ions was established by cultivation in the concentration gradient of Ni2+, Co2+, CrO42-, and Сu2+. The ecophysiological traits of the isolated yeast strains including psychro- and halotolerance were determined. Results. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high percentage of similarity (99.5–99.6 %) of sequences of 18S rRNA genes of Antarctic yeast strains with the yeast sequences from the GenBank database. Psychrotolerant and halotolerant Antarctic yeast strains S11 and S12 were identified as Leucosporidium scottii and Debaryomyces hansenii, respectively. The studied yeast strains were found to be the most resistant to metal ions Ni2+ and Co2+. Strain of L. scottii S11 grew at 800 mg/L of Co2+, and D. hansenii S12 – at 750 mg/L of Ni2+. The yeasts were the least resistant to CrO42-: the L. scottii S11 and D. hansenii S12 strains grew at concentrations of 25 mg/L and 150 mg/L, respectively. In the presence of Cu2+, they grew at the same concentration – 600 mg/L. The combined action of toxic metal ions resulted in the increased toxic effects on the studied yeasts. Conclusions. The nucleotide sequences of 18S rRNA gene fragment of yeast strains S11 and S12 were included in the GenBank database under the numbers LT220858 and LT220859. Metal-resistant psychrotolerant yeast strains can be used to evaluate the metals content in polar regions as well as to bioremediate metal-contaminated ecosystems. However, further research is needed to develop and optimize bioremediation processes.

Investigation of the mechanism of nephrotoxicity of nux-vomica by PTGS2/CYP2C9-mediated arachidonic acid pathway and Jian Pi Tong Luo compound's protective effect.

The clinical effectiveness of nux-vomica in treating rheumatism and arthralgia is noteworthy; however, its nephrotoxicity has sparked global concerns. Hence, there is value in conducting studies on detoxification methods based on traditional Chinese medicine compatibility theory. Blood biochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and pathological sections were used to evaluate both the nephrotoxicity of nux-vomica and the efficacy of the Jian Pi Tong Luo (JPTL) compound in mitigating this toxicity. Kidney metabolomics, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-MS (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), was applied to elucidate the alterations in small-molecule metabolites in vivo. In addition, network pharmacology analysis was used to verify the mechanism and pathways underlying the nephrotoxicity associated with nux-vomica. Finally, essential targets were validated through molecular docking and western blotting. The findings indicated significant nephrotoxicity associated with nux-vomica, while the JPTL compound demonstrated the ability to alleviate this toxicity. The mechanism potentially involves nux-vomica activating the "PTGS2/CYP2C9-phosphatidylcholine-arachidonic acid metabolic pathway." This study establishes a scientific foundation for the clinical use of nux-vomica and lays groundwork for further research and safety assessment of toxic Chinese herbal medicines.

Application of atmospheric cold plasma for zearalenone detoxification in cereals: Kinetics, mechanisms, and cytotoxicity analysis

IntroductionZearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most widely contaminated mycotoxins in world, posing a severe threat to human and animal health. Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) holds great penitential in mycotoxin degradation. ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the degradation efficiency and mechanisms of ACP on ZEN as well as the cytotoxicity of ZEN degradation products by ACP. Additionally, this study also investigated the degradation efficiency of ACP on ZEN in cereals and its effect on cereal quality. MethodsThe degradation efficiency and products of ZEN by ACP was analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS/MS. The human normal liver cells and mice were employed to assess the cytotoxicity of ZEN degradation products. The ZEN artificially contaminated cereals were used to evaluate the feasibility of ACP detoxification in cereals. ResultsThe results showed that the degradation rate of ZEN was 96.18 % after 30-W ACP treatment for 180 s. The degradation rate was dependent on the discharge power, and treatment time and distance. Four major ZEN degradation products were produced after ACP treatment due to the oxidative destruction of CC double bond, namely C18H22O7 (m/z = 351.19), C18H22O8 (m/z = 367.14), C18H22O6 (m/z = 335.14), and C17H20O6 (m/z = 321.19). L02 cell viability was increased from 52.4 % to 99.76 % with ACP treatment time ranging from 0 to 180 s. Mice results showed significant recovery of body weight and depth of colonic crypts as well as mitigation of glomerular and liver damage. Additionally, ACP removed up to 50.55 % and 58.07 % of ZEN from wheat and corn. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that ACP could efficiently degrade ZEN in cereals and its cytotoxicity was significantly reduced. Therefore, ACP is a promising effective method for ZEN detoxification in cereals to ensure human and animal health. Future study needs to develop large-scale ACP device with high degradation efficiency.

Problems and Mitigation Strategies of Trichothecenes Mycotoxins in Laying Hens Production

This review paper comprehensively explores the problems associated with trichothecenes mycotoxins in laying hens production and discusses mitigation strategies to address these challenges. Trichothecenes, a diverse class of mycotoxins primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, are examined in terms of their nature, occurrence, toxicology, and implications in poultry production. The metabolism of T-2 toxin in poultry is analyzed, highlighting the complex biotransformation pathways and the formation of metabolites with altered toxicity profiles. The most common problems of T-2 toxin in laying hens production are discussed, including adverse effects on poultry health, performance, and table egg quality. The influence of T-2 toxin on table egg quality is explored, focusing on its impact on shell integrity, yolk color, albumen consistency, and consumer acceptance. Finally, mitigation strategies for trichothecenes in laying hens production are reviewed, encompassing both pre-harvest and post-harvest interventions such as good agricultural practices, monitoring and testing programs, physical and chemical detoxification methods, nutritional supplementation, and biosecurity measures. By understanding the nature of trichothecenes mycotoxins and implementing effective mitigation strategies, producers can ensure the safety, welfare, and productivity of laying hens while maintaining the quality and marketability of table eggs for consumers.

Rational design of soluble expressed human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 with high stability and activity in pepsin and trypsin

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a crucial enzyme in alcohol metabolism, and oral administration of ALDH2 is a promising method for alcohol detoxification. However, recombinant ALDH2 is susceptible to hydrolysis by digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and is expressed as inactive inclusion bodies in E. coli. In this study, we performed three rounds of rational design to address these issues. Specifically, the surface digestive sites of pepsin and trypsin were replaced with other polar amino acids, while hydrophobic amino acids were incorporated to reshape the catalytic cavity of ALDH2. The resulting mutant DE2–852 exhibited a 45-fold increase in soluble expression levels, while its stability against trypsin and pepsin increased by eightfold and twofold, respectively. Its catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) at pH 7.2 and 3.2 improved by more than four and five times, respectively, with increased Vmax and decreased Km values. The enhanced properties of DE2–852 were attributed to the D457Y mutation, which created a more compact protein structure and facilitated a faster collision between the substrate and catalytic residues. These results laid the foundation for the oral administration and mass preparation of highly active ALDH2 and offered insights into the oral application of other proteins.