Determining Factor Research Articles

Evaluation of the relationship between Demodex infestation and obesity in rosacea patients.

The changes in the skin caused by obesity may predispose patients with rosacea to Demodex infestation (DI). Besides, identifying predisposing factors in these patients is important for initial treatment plan. The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between DI and obesity in patients with rosacea. Sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, and clinical features of 130 rosacea patients were recorded. Demodex density was measured by noninvasive standard skin biopsy, and a determination of ≥5/cm2 mites was regarded as positive for DI. Patients with a BMI of 30 and above were categorized as the obese group, and those with a BMI below 30 were classified as the nonobese group. Moreover, patients were divided according to DI into positive and negative. These groups were compared with each other. Upon comparing the patients with and without obesity, it was noted that the obese patients had significantly higher rates of erythematotelangiectatic type rosacea, rosacea severity, and flushing complaints. Furthermore, results show that the DI was significantly more common in obese patients. The most determinant factors for predicting DI in rosacea patients were papulopustular type rosacea, obesity, and rosacea severity, respectively. In this study, DI was found to be more common in obese patients with rosacea. Besides, obesity was found to be one of the most determining factors in detecting DI in patients with rosacea.

Pitrufquén, Chile: the city as a strategy for territorial occupation

This paper analyzes the development of Pitrufquén (located in the Araucanía Region, Chile, and founded in 1897) from a historical, territorial, urban, and architectural point of view. It is proposed that the city’s development is framed in a new moment, where the Chilean State abandons military criteria and assumes economic-territorial factors where the railroad’s presence is a determining factor. The choice of the site, its particular layout, and the development of its architecture are evidence of this change. From the historical point of view, it is analyzed how, in Pitrufquén, the Mapuche society had cattle raising as the main economic activity, as it had pastures to feed the cattle, the land was suitable for crops, and there was a vital ford to cross the Toltén River. This strategic location was maintained and accentuated by the city’s founding and the railroad’s arrival in 1898, turning the town into a railhead for progress towards the south of the country. In the case of the urban layout, its peculiarity was addressed since, together with Lonquimay, these are the only sections in the La Araucanía region organized based on an ellipse, which, in the case of Pitrufquén, also coexists with a checkerboard layout. The study analyzed its squares, diagonal avenues, and the perimeter ring road. At an architectural level, the article explores the three layers or aspects of the city: The first one studies the wooden architecture with works from the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the second refers to public architecture, represented by buildings such as the municipality, public services, the post office, and others; and a third layer addresses the modern architecture, such as housing and stores from the period between 1940 and 1960.

Kritik Argumen Kosmologis Al-Ghazali terhadap Konsep Penciptaan Alam menurut Stephen Hawking

In the existence of God, the cosmological argument rests on the novelty aspect of nature. Although the big bang theory supports the assumption that nature has a beginning, according to Stephen Hawking, nature can begin independently without God's intervention. The purpose of this research is to show the failure of the concept of the creation of the universe according to Stephen Hawking through Al-Ghazali's cosmological argument. The problem formulations that need to be answered are: (1) what is Stephen Hawking's view on the big bang theory, leading him to conclude that the universe could have been created independently?; and (2) how is the construction of Al-Ghazali's cosmological argument relevant to criticize this view? The approach in this research is a research model on scientific theory. With the material object in the form of the concept of the creation of the universe according to Stephen Hawking which is reviewed through the formal object of Al-Ghazali's cosmological argument. This research results in conclusions. First, Stephen Hawking's view of the big bang theory based on scientific determinism has consequences for deism and atheism. Second, the construction of Al-Ghazali's cosmological argument is relevant based on his criticism of the emanation theory which has identical consequences with Stephen Hawking's scientific determinism view. The critique shows that it is impossible for the universe to be created out of nothing independently, because the creation of the universe at a certain time requires the existence of a principle of determination and the determinant factor also requires a willing personal agent, namely God. Another implication of this argument is that God has absolute power and freedom, both to create the universe or not and to intervene in its course.

Biological Response of the Peri-Implant Mucosa to Different Definitive Implant Rehabilitation Materials.

Sealing the peri-implant tissue is a determining factor for long-term implant survival. In the transmucosal region, the cervical fraction of the prosthetic crown is in contact with these tissues, so mucointegration will also be influenced by the biomaterial used for the prosthetic restoration. This study aims to compare the tissue response generated by definitive restorative materials and polymeric materials from a histological point of view. This study performed an observational prospective cohort study in which biopsies of the peri-implant mucosa were taken after placement of implant-supported prosthetic restorations made of different materials (zirconium oxide, lithium disilicate, and PMMA). A statistically significant difference was observed in the increase in the thickness of the non-keratinized epithelium when comparing the definitive materials (zirconium oxide/lithium disilicate) vs. the provisional material (PMMA) and in the number of collagen fibers when comparing zirconium oxide and lithium disilicate. This study found that zirconia is the material that presents the most adequate biological response of peri-implant tissues. It shows a lower intensity of inflammatory cellular content, a total normality in the number of collagen fibers (the arrangement of the fibers is normal in 90% of the cases), and vascular proliferation of connective tissue in 83% of the cases. These parameters make it a material with a predictable response. Similarly, only the following slight statistically significant differences between the definitive and provisional materials are observed, indicating that the biological response generated by the provisional material (PMMA) is not very different from that obtained with the placement of the definitive restoration.

Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic H2 Production Using Composites of Co-Al Layered Double Hydroxides and Graphene Derivatives.

The direct conversion of solar energy into chemical energy represents an enormous challenge for current science. One of the commonly proposed photocatalytic systems is composed of a photosensitizer (PS) and a catalyst, together with a sacrificial electron donor (ED) when only the reduction of protons to H2 is addressed. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) have emerged as effective catalysts. Herein, two Co-Al LDH and their composites with graphene oxide (GO) or graphene quantum dots (GQD) have been prepared by coprecipitation and urea hydrolysis, which determined their structure and so their catalytic performance, giving H2 productions between 1409 and 8643 μmol g-1 using a ruthenium complex as PS and triethanolamine as ED at 450 nm. The influence of different factors, including the integration of both components, on their catalytic behavior, has been studied. The proper arrangement between the particles of both components seems to be the determining factor for achieving a synergistic interaction between LDH and GO or GQD. The novel Co-Al LDH composite with intercalated GQD achieved an outstanding catalytic efficiency (8643 μmol H2 g-1) and exhibited excellent reusability after 3 reaction cycles, thus representing an optimal integration between graphene materials and Co-Al LDH for visible light driven H2 photocatalytic production.

A Comparative Study on the International Competitiveness of Digital Trade between China and Malaysia: A Diamond Model Approach

This study examines the international competitiveness of digital trade between China and Malaysia using Michael Porter's Diamond Model. The Diamond Model, which focuses on four key determinants—factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry—serves as the analytical framework for this comparative analysis. In assessing factor conditions, the study evaluates the digital infrastructure, human capital, and technological innovation capabilities in both countries. Demand conditions are analyzed through consumer behaviors, market size, and the growth rate of the digital economy. The presence and strength of related and supporting industries, such as e-commerce platforms, fintech, and ICT services, are considered to understand their role in enhancing digital trade competitiveness. The study also examines firm strategies, government policies, and the competitive environment that shape the digital trade landscape in China and Malaysia. Findings suggest that China demonstrates a higher level of competitiveness in digital trade, driven by its advanced digital infrastructure, robust innovation ecosystem, and large, tech-savvy consumer base. Malaysia, while showing significant progress, particularly in regulatory frameworks and digital adoption, faces challenges related to scale and innovation intensity. The study highlights the need for Malaysia to invest in digital skills development and innovation to enhance its competitiveness. The comparative insights derived from this study aim to inform policymakers and business leaders on strategic initiatives to bolster digital trade capabilities and foster sustainable economic growth in the digital era.

Prognostic Impact of Metabolic Syndrome and Steatotic Liver Disease in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Machine Learning Techniques.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) currently represents the predominant cause of chronic liver disease and is closely linked to a significant increase in the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even in the absence of liver cirrhosis. In this retrospective multicenter study, machine learning (ML) methods were employed to investigate the relationship between metabolic profile and prognosis at diagnosis in a total of 219 HCC patients. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) method demonstrated superiority in identifying mortality predictors in our patients. Etiology was the most determining prognostic factor followed by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) classifications. Variables related to the development of hepatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome, such as elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), uric acid, obesity, alcohol consumption, and high blood pressure (HBP), had a significant impact on mortality prediction. This study underscores the importance of metabolic syndrome as a determining factor in the progression of HCC secondary to MASLD. The use of ML techniques provides an effective tool to improve risk stratification and individualized therapeutic management in these patients.

Successful dietary changes correlate with weight-loss outcomes in a new dietary weight-loss program.

Currently available behavioral and dietary weight-loss programs lack magnitude and sustainability compared with bariatric surgery. A novel dietary weight-loss program was developed to assist participants in achieving sustainable diet changes by building knowledge and skills in food self-selection. Although the approach worked, a large variation was observed in outcome among participants. Determine factors affecting weight-loss outcomes among participants to further improve the efficacy of the program. Participants attended 19 dietary educational sessions during a 1-year intervention which included prescribed homework. Changes in weight, diet, and body composition were assessed. Participants (n=22) achieved mean body weight loss of -6.49(8.37%, p<0.001) from baseline at 12months. Nine participants (41%) achieved weight loss >5% of initial bodyweight; two reached a Body Mass Index 25kg/m2. A large divergence in weight loss among participants was observed; successful (n=9) achieved -12.9(9.6)% while unsuccessful achieved -2.03(2.78)%. Dietary protein and fiber density by 24-h records showed a significant and inverse correlation with weight loss (%) throughout the program. Weight loss at 3months and 12months showed a strong correlation (r=0.84). Participants with self-reported depression lost significantly less weight than those without depression at 12months (p<0.03). Divergence in weight-loss outcomes among the participants is likely due to a difference in successful dietary implementation. Intra-cohort analysis indicates early weight-loss success and early dietary implementation was predictive of long-term success.

Pengelolaan Surat Berbasis Elektronik Pada Lembaga Pendidikan

An increasingly advanced, modern and sophisticated era is developing because of human needs and problems that encourage creativity and innovation. Good management of correspondence in government agencies is very important because good management of correspondence will help communicate information and communication to agencies which is a determining factor in development policies and strategies. The aim of this research is to develop an effective and efficient electronic mail management system in educational institutions, as well as determine its impact on the mail management process and service quality in educational institutions. The research studied is qualitative research using the literature review method. Literature review by utilizing information from secondary data from various published research articles. This secondary data was used as review material for a number of articles, originating from international and national scale articles. The results of this research are that the electronic letter management system includes the activities of creating, recording and organizing letters which are stored on hardware and then organized using software and controlled by the user or brainware. Implementing an electronic mail management system in educational institutions also requires training so that employees can be skilled in using it. Management of electronic incoming mail at educational institutions, namely receiving, sorting, recording, distributing and storing. Management of electronic outgoing mail, namely the concept of letters, typing, signing, recording, sending and storing letters.

Effect of Three Semen Extenders on Sperm Quality and In Vitro Fertilization Rates of Fresh and Cryopreserved Sperm Collected from Llama (Lama glama) Vas Deferens.

The advances in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) applied in South American camelid species are still scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three semen extenders, before and after the cryopreservation of spermatozoa obtained from the vas deferens, on sperm quality parameters and in vitro fertilization rates of llama (Lama glama) oocytes. Mature fertile llama males (Lama glama; n = 6; age: 48-60 mo.; BCS: ~2.7) were included in the study. Sperm samples were collected from each male using the surgical technique of the vas deferens deviation. Then, the sperm samples were pooled and diluted with the Tris-EY, Andromed®, or BioxCell® extender in order to subsequently carry out the sperm cryopreservation process. The sperm quality assessment related to each extender was performed before and after cryopreservation with regard to sperm morphological abnormalities, acrosome integrity, sperm viability, membrane permeability, and sperm motility traits. Moreover, in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures were carried out to evaluate the in vitro fertility of the cryopreserved sperm samples using each extender. Overall, significant differences were observed before and after cryopreservation regarding acrosome integrity, sperm viability, membrane permeability, and sperm motility traits among the extenders used, where Tris-EY and Andromed® were better than BioxCell® (p < 0.05); however, no differences were observed regarding the sperm morphological abnormalities among extenders (p > 0.05). Moreover, multiple differences were observed with regard to the velocity and linearity kinematic parameters obtained by computerized analysis before and after the cryopreservation process, irrespective of the extender used (p < 0.05). Finally, differences were observed regarding the in vitro fertilization rates among the different extender-derived samples (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the sperm quality using Tris-EY and Andromed® was better before and after cryopreservation compared to that using BioxCell®. Although the number of fertilized oocytes obtained after the IVF process between Tris-EY and Andromed® was similar, Andromed®-derived samples showed the best sperm quality results before and after cryopreservation. This indicates that the cryopreservation extender is a determining factor in significantly improving in vitro fertilization rates when using sperm samples obtained from vas deferens in llama (Lama glama) males.

PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN ASET LABA BERSIH DAN ARUS KAS OPERASI TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERBANKAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2018-2022)

This study aims to test and obtain empirical evidence regarding the Effect of Asset Growth, Net Profit, and Operating Cash Flow on Dividend Policy. The population in this study are banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. The data used is secondary data using Purposive Sampling sampling techniques. The population used in this study were 45 companies with 13 selected companies with a total sample of 65 data. The analysis technique used in this study is panel data regression. The results of the study show that simultaneously Asset Growth, Net Profit and Operating Cash Flow together affect Dividend Policy. while partially Asset Growth does not affect Dividend Policy where the rise and fall of assets will not affect Dividend Policy, Net Profit has a significant effect on Dividend Policy meaning that net profit can be used as absolute information in predicting dividends that will be received by investors in the current period. While Operating Cash Flow does not have a significant effect on Dividend Policy, this shows that operating cash flow is not the main determining factor in dividend distribution policy.

Stratification and Inequality in Labor Incomes in Spain, 1980–2014; an Analysis by Sectors, Skills, and Gender

Intra-country inequality is generally higher now than it was in the 1980s, especially within developed countries. This higher inequality, whether it manifests in income or in the sphere of consumption, is strongly related to social stratification. To analyze these increases in inequality and the resulting social stratification in Spain for the period 1980-2014 (further divided into three sub-periods), we use an input-output framework. This will allow us to apply a Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) to annual changes in value added, decomposed into several effects (wages, labor, and consumption), which can be linked to traditional measures of inequality (Gini indexes). First, we find that the labor share of income fell from 1980. Second, the sectoral structure of the labor market is a determinant factor of labor incomes stratification. Third, inequality by gender now is less accentuated than in 1980. Finally, domestic consumption by income quintiles has lost weight in value-added generation.

#2833 Charlson comorbidity index predicts early failure and overall survival of vascular access among diabetic dialysis patients.

Abstract Background and Aims Vascular access (VA) survival is a determinant factor in the morbidity and mortality of haemodialysis patients, directly influencing their quality of life. Some studies have described the influence of diabetes on the reduced survival of arteriovenous fistulas as an independent factor; however, the correlation between other comorbidities in diabetic patients with vascular access survival has been less well documented. Therefore, our aim is to describe the relationship between comorbidities in diabetic haemodialysis patients and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) patency. Method Descriptive, observational and retrospective study in prevalent patients included in a haemodialysis programme by consulting electronic records over a period of 35 months. Demographic variables; related to vascular access and primary and secondary patency of all accesses were included. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was used to categorise diabetic patients according to comorbidities. Kaplan Meyer survival curves were used to contrast the impact of comorbidities on the different patency. Results 22 patients, mean age 68.36 ± 10.9 years, 68.18% male, 31.82% female, Charlson index with a median of 6.5 (5 - 8), 95.45% had a native fistula, with humero-cephalic location being more frequent (72.72%) and predominance of the left upper arm (68.18%). The time required to reach an event in both primary patency and secondary patency in diabetic patients was longer in patients with a Charlson index less than or equal to 7, this being statistically significant (Log Rank Test (Mantel-Cox): primary patency p=0.022 and secondary patency p=0.032). Conclusion The Charlson Comorbidity Index in our population is a significant factor in arteriovenous fistula survival.

Unlocking the Role of Language and National Culture: Effects on Supply Chain Operations in a Global Context

We investigate how language, an essential part of culture, affects manufacturing firms’ supply chain operations management practices, including the cash conversion cycle and its components. Based on the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, which theorizes that a language's structure may affect how its speakers think, prior studies have established that using the future tense to describe future events increases one's mental distance from the future, reducing a person's concern about it. Building upon this foundation, we hypothesize that firms in weak future-time reference countries are likely to be better prepared for future volatility in demand for their products and therefore carry higher inventory to avoid potential stockouts. We also hypothesize that firms in weak future-time reference countries are more apprehensive about long-term relationships with their customers and hence extend longer credit terms to them. Finally, we hypothesize that firms in weak future-time reference countries have longer operating and cash conversion cycles due to carrying higher levels of inventory and extending longer credit terms to customers. The empirical results using a large global sample of 193,625 firm-year observations from 45 countries support our hypotheses. In terms of economic significance, on average, the cash conversion cycle of firms in weak future-time reference countries is ∼ 11% longer than that of firms in strong future-time reference countries. We also find that the effect of language is dominant over the influence of traditional cultural dimensions. Together, the results suggest that time encoding in the language of a firm is a determining factor in its supply chain operations.

Molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in decapod crustaceans for potential aquaculture applications: An overview

AbstractCrustacean aquaculture, especially monosex culture, requires a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms regulating sex determination and differentiation. Decapod crustaceans display either female heterogamety (ZW/ZZ) or male heterogamety (XY/XX) as their mode of genotypic sex determination. However, some decapod species exhibit sexual plasticity via removing the androgenic gland, knockdown insulin receptor transcripts, administrating exogenous sex steroids, and altering environmental factors. Although the master sex‐determining gene in decapods remains elusive, various sexual genes, hormones, and neurotransmitter are emerging as important factors in sex differentiation. This review looks into recent advancements in studies related to the genetic sex determination system and factors that trigger sex reversal. Moreover, the elucidation of the role of genetic factors in sex differentiation in both females and males, as well as their underlying interrelated regulatory mechanisms, provides justification for three levels of application: the induction of monosex populations, detection of precocious sex and genotype, and prevention of uncontrolled reproduction. Finally, we proposed future directions of bioinformatics analysis and genome editing coupled with sex control to increase the yield for economic decapods. In conclusion, this review provides a foundation for future research on the reproductive biology and sexual regulation of decapods, with the aim of aiding practitioners in advancing the crustacean aquaculture industry.

#2247 Influence of the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in childhood on the course of kidney function in young adulthood: a single-center study

Abstract Background and Aims Several studies demonstrated non-osmotic sodium-storage, especially in the skin. Patients with chronic kidney disease often suffer from skin symptoms and furthermore an association of advanced CKD-stages with inflammatory skin diseases has been shown. Additionally, in inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis an increased salt content was found in the affected skin areas. Thus we hypothesized that atopic dermatitis might have a detrimental effect on kidney function later in life. Method The retrospective case-control study using the patient files of a general medical practice included a randomly selected sample with a 2:1 matching technique. Initially, data of 114 patients who underwent J1-screening exam for adolescents (age 12-14) and also a follow-up examination in adulthood (over the age of 18) between January 1980 and April 2022 have been examined. By the time of inclusion they had to be over 18 years old and did not suffer knowingly from a kidney disease. Over the course of the study, patients for whom no creatinine value was recorded during the following examinations were excluded. Serum creatinine levels and eGFR were compared between the two groups at two assessment times (J1 in adolescence and Follow-Up in young adulthood) and within each group using a one-tailed t-test. A point-biserial correlation analysis was then performed. Results Biometric characteristics, gender distribution and kidney function for J1 as the first measurement point and for follow-up in young adulthood as the second one for both atopic dermatitis and control group are shown in Table 1. The statistical analysis showed that the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of gender distribution at both the first (X²(89) = 0.4918, p = 0.483103) and the second measuring point (X²(73) = 0.45, p = 0.50), therefore a gender bias in the results is unlikely. Furthermore, it was shown by a one-tailed, unpaired t-test for serum creatinine levels ​​at time J1 did not differ from those in the control group (t = 0.60, p = 0.28). This applies too for the corresponding eGFR according to Schwartz-Bedside (t = -0.47, p = 0.32). At the time of follow-up, 16 patients, 8 per group, were excluded due to a lack of creatinine values ​​- in this study using a hypothesis test, no significant difference in the creatinine values ​​was found between the two groups (t = 0.91, p = 0.18), consequently also not in the comparison of eGFR after CKD-Epi (t = -1.28, p = 0.10). Only when comparing creatinine values ​​and eGFR over time within the individual groups, a significant difference for each group was found. In the atopic dermatitis group, the creatinine levels and the eGFR differed significantly in between J1 and the follow-up examination (creatinin: t = 4.29, p = 0.00015, eGFR: t = 1.83, p = 0.042). Likewise did the creatinine levels and the eGFR differ significantly over time in the control group (creatinine: t = 4.77, p &amp;lt; 0.00001 and eGFR: t = 5.72, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). In the point-biserial correlation analysis, no connection between the presence of atopic dermatitis and the level of the serum creatinine value could be confirmed (t = 0.6, df = 89, p = 0.55, 95% CI [-0.14, 0.27], r = 0.063). Conclusion In our study, the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in childhood does not seem to be a determinant risk factor for a decline in kidney function in young adulthood.

Screening protocol for freshwater filamentous macroalgae bioremediation of primary municipal wastewater

A screening protocol was developed and applied to isolate and select cultivars of freshwater filamentous macroalgae for year-round monoculture cultivation and nutrient bioremediation of primary municipal wastewater. The screening protocol is a step-by-step guide to identify robust cultivars which possess key attributes of competitive dominance, high biomass productivity and bioremediation performance under local seasonal and extreme conditions. Forty-four mixed samples of freshwater filamentous macroalgae were collected during summer and winter from a range of local aquatic environments. Eleven isolated cultivars were grown in primary treated municipal wastewater and their biomass productivity and bioremediation performance under local ambient (summer and winter), extreme summer (max. summer) and winter (min. winter) conditions were assessed. Extreme conditions proved to be an important determining factor for cultivar selection as biomass productivity and bioremediation performance significantly declined under min. winter conditions. However, biomass productivity was not directly related to bioremediation performance, as cultivars with low growth rates maintained high nutrient removal rates under min. winter conditions. Top performing cultivars were Klebsormidium sp. (KLEB B) which reduced total ammoniacal-N concentrations by 99.9% to 0.01 mg L-1 (± 0.01 SE), Oedogonium sp. (OEDO D) which reduced nitrate-N concentrations by 90.2% to 0.08 mg L-1 (± 0.7 SE) and Rhizoclonium sp. which reduced phosphate concentrations by 98.7% to 0.02 mg L-1 (± 0.01 SE). Based on overall biomass productivity and bioremediation performance across seasonal and extreme conditions Klebsormidium sp. (KLEB B), Stigeoclonium sp. (STIG A) and Ulothrix sp. were identified as top performing cultivars suitable for the nutrient bioremediation of primary municipal wastewater.

TOWARDS EDUCATION 2050: METHODOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS

Education 2050 is a determining factor of Future 2050. Therefore, different attempts to envision Education 2050 have been undertaken, and their results have been presented to the wider public. However, the scientific view on Education 2050 is under-represented, and the methodology of envisaging Education 2050 remains under-explored. The aim of this paper is to analyse methodologies applied to the projection of Education 2050. The exploratory research is employed in this work. Data were collected via observations and processed via content analysis. Findings were structured, summarized and compared, and allowed concluding that the use of methodologies in the works selected for analysis of Education 2050 is fragmentary. Only some methodology’s elements are leveraged for shaping Education 2050 in the analysed works. The aspect of Information and Communication Technologies prevails in projecting Education 2050 in the works available for analysis. The analysed works have more differences than similarities in the use of methodological elements related to the design of Education 2050. A new research question has been formulated: What is a methodology for envisioning Education 2050? Limitations of the research have been presented. Further work has been proposed.

MEANING OF SPORT MONITORING AND ITS DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES

The earliest research on analytics in sports dates back to 1912 with the work by Hugh Fullerton on the correlation between baseball player hits, throws, and catching techniques, and success in the game. Nowadays with equally high technological and financial availability, the efficiency of the training process becomes more relevant. A well-organized and managed training process, combined with high technology and financial accessibility, will be the determining factor for successful performance. Research aim: to compare and analyse the meaning of sport monitoring and its development tendencies. Research methods: a systematic review of scientific literature was conducted, examining scientific articles available in the ScienceDirect and Google Scholar electronic databases (publishing date 2014-2024) using the following keywords: "monitoring", "sport monitoring”, “performance monitoring”, and “coaching monitoring". As a result of the study, the use of the term 'monitoring' in the context of the sport environment was clarified. The meaning and function of monitoring involves continuous systematic data collection based on selected criteria, with its most essential function being the ability to instantly inform involved parties about the characteristics of the performance process. Monitoring in sports is primarily applied in terms of athlete and team performance analytics. However, it is equally important to continuously and systematically observe the activities of coaches with the aim of providing feedback for improvement.

Comparison of the finishing shot and ending zone of points in Grand Slam matches of women's doubles tennis: A cross-sectional study.

Despite the importance of doubles tennis, there is little research on this modality of the game, especially in women's tennis. The aim of this study was to analyse the finishing shot, the ending zone and shot by ending zone of women´s doubles matches during three Grand Slams (GS), and to observe the differences among surfaces. Twenty-one women's doubles matches from three GS, each played on a different surface were analysed. 56.4 ± 2.3% of the points were finished from the baseline and mid court zone (BMZ), 36.1 ± 2.3% from the net zone (NZ) and 7.5 ± 4.2% from the service zone (SZ). The shot with which the points ended primarily was the forehand volley (FV) (18.2 ± 3.5%), followed by the forehand (F) (17.4 ± 4.2%), the backhand (B) (15.8 ± 4.8%), the backhand volley (BV) (12.8 ± 3.6%), the forehand return (FRT) (11.7 ± 2.7%), the backhand return (BRT) (11.4 ± 2.6%), the service (S) (7.5 ± 4.2%) and the overhead (O) (5.2 ± 3.0%). The results showed a higher percentage of F played from the BMZ in Roland Garros (RG) than in Wimbledon (W) (p = 0.011). In addition, the results also showed a higher percentage in overall F in RG than in W (p = 0.023). The FRT percentage was higher in the Australian Open (AUS) compared to RG (p = 0.026), and the O shots played from the BMZ were higher in W than RG (p = 0.038). These results suggest that in professional women's doubles tennis the net game is a determinant factor, as well as the volley (V) and F shots. Playing aggressive and close to the net may have a positive effect on the result.