Determination Of Water Quality Research Articles

Determination of water quality and efficient removal of arsenic and iron from groundwater using mahogany fruit husk and banana peduncle charcoals

The groundwater (GW) of Bangladesh is predominantly contaminated with arsenic (As) and iron (Fe) which has a bad impact on human health. We tried to remove these elements with easily available mahogany-fruit (Swietenia mahagoni) husk charcoal (MHC) and banana (Musa acuminata) peduncle charcoal (BPC). The trial was implemented with 3 replications throughout the research. The sampled GW contained 0.06 mg As L−1 and 4.83 mg Fe L−1. Firstly, the pH was 3, 5, 7, and 9 with a 250 mg L−1 dose. The MHC removed almost 91.05 % of As at pH 5.0, and BPC removed almost 86.67 % of As at pH 9. However, in the case of Fe, the MHC removed almost 100 % at pH 7 and 9; and BPC removed the same quantity at pH 5, 7, and 9. Secondly, the contact times were 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 min with a 250 mg L−1 dose at pH 7.0. The maximum removal of As and Fe was 100 % with MHC and BPC at 5 min. The pseudo-first-order kinetic, pseudo-second-order kinetic, and intra-particle diffusion models were considered. The result showed that the rate of adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Lastly, the adsorbent doses were 0, 50, 150, 250, and 350 mg L−1. At pH 7, the highest removal of As was 79.47 % and Fe removal was 100 % at 350 mg L−1 dose for MHC. Similarly, the values were 79.29 % and 100 % for the same at 350 mg L−1 dose of BPC, indicating these charcoal are good for heavy metals removal.

Determination of Water Quality of Susurluk Stream, Çapraz Stream and Karadere Using Macrobenthic Invertebrates and Biotic Indexes

In order to determine the water quality of Susurluk Stream, Çapraz Stream and Karadere, 5207 macrobenthos samples were collected and examined from 14 different stations in two different periods of 2021, and 37 families (Baetidae, Caenidae, Corixidae, Gerridae, Naucoridae, Nepidae, Hydrometridae, Pleidae, Mesovelidae, Coenagrionidae, Libellulidae, Calopterygidae, Cordulegasteridae, Gomphidae, Chironomidae, Stratiomyidae, Sciomyzidae, Ceratopogonidae, Simulidae, Hydropsychidae, Erpobdellidae, Glossiphonidae, Asellidae, Gammaridae, Physidae, Lymnaeidae, Melanopsidae, Planorbidae, Hydrobiidae, Viviparidae, Dytiscidae, Hydrophilidae, Hygrobiidae, Haliplidae, Curculionidae, Noteridae ve Unionidae) belonging to 15 orders were identified. In order to assess water quality, BMWP Original, BMWP Turkish, BMWP Spanish, and ASPT biotic indices were employed. Index results were determined for each station during the first and second periods. Based on these results, five different water quality categories were calculated. Additionally, it was revealed that the Spanish version of the BMWP index can also be utilized in biotic index studies conducted in Turkey.

Determination of water quality through using bioindicators, physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of the lagoon Santo Domingo of the national park Cotopaxi, province of Pichincha, period 2018

The current research project carried out in the Santo Domingo Lagoon of the Cotopaxi National Park, a Protected Area that is located in the canton of Mejia, province of Pichincha, and retains their transcendental goal to determine the water quality from the application of bioindicators and physical-chemical and microbiological laboratory analysis. They obtained results about the quality of water using bioindicators according to the methodology used (scientific induction, inductive, deductive, measurement, quantitative), where samples were taken at five specific points of entry and exit of the lake body in April, May and June, making use of water quality identification techniques for tolerance; Biological Monitoring Working Part (BMWP/Col.), Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Tricoptera (EPT), Andean Biotic Index (ABI), and Biotic Index of Families (IBF). Meanwhile, the environmental quality indices were used for the physical, chemical and microbiological analysis: DINUS - Fundación Nacional de Saneamiento (NFS), defining that the water conditions are wrong or contaminated. By contrast, from the application of the BMWP/Col. and ABI indices, the water quality pertains to waters of questionable and critical condition. However, with the application of the BMWP/Col. and ABI indices, it was defined that the water quality corresponds to waters of doubtful and critical condition, which are, in conclusion, very contaminated waters. On the other hand, one of the techniques for using bioindicators from the IBF index yielded a different result in areas of apparent organic contamination, determining that the Santo Domingo Lagoon demonstrates an "excellent" indicator. Keywords: water, analysis, bioindicators, quality, indices, lagoon.

Determination of water quality through using bioindicators, physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of the lagoon Santo Domingo of the national park Cotopaxi, province of Pichincha, period 2018

The current research project carried out in the Santo Domingo Lagoon of the Cotopaxi National Park, a Protected Area that is located in the canton of Mejia, province of Pichincha, and retains their transcendental goal to determine the water quality from the application of bioindicators and physical-chemical and microbiological laboratory analysis. They obtained results about the quality of water using bioindicators according to the methodology used (scientific induction, inductive, deductive, measurement, quantitative), where samples were taken at five specific points of entry and exit of the lake body in April, May and June, making use of water quality identification techniques for tolerance; Biological Monitoring Working Part (BMWP/Col.), Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Tricoptera (EPT), Andean Biotic Index (ABI), and Biotic Index of Families (IBF). Meanwhile, the environmental quality indices were used for the physical, chemical and microbiological analysis: DINUS - Fundación Nacional de Saneamiento (NFS), defining that the water conditions are wrong or contaminated. By contrast, from the application of the BMWP/Col. and ABI indices, the water quality pertains to waters of questionable and critical condition. However, with the application of the BMWP/Col. and ABI indices, it was defined that the water quality corresponds to waters of doubtful and critical condition, which are, in conclusion, very contaminated waters. On the other hand, one of the techniques for using bioindicators from the IBF index yielded a different result in areas of apparent organic contamination, determining that the Santo Domingo Lagoon demonstrates an "excellent" indicator. Keywords: water, analysis, bioindicators, quality, indices, lagoon.

Effect of seasonality and estuarine waters on the phytoplankton of the Guamá River (Belém, Amazon, Brazil).

This study aimed to analyze the application of the Phytoplankton Community Index-PCI and Functional Groups-FG in determining the water quality of the Guamá River (Pará, Amazônia, Brazil). Samplings occurred monthly for analyses of phytoplankton and physical and chemical parameters, for two years, at the station where water was collected for human supply consumption. Seasonality influenced electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, transparency, winds, true color, and N-ammoniacal. The ebb tide showed high turbidity and suspended solids. The density varied seasonally with the highest values occurring in September and December (61.1 ind mL-1 and 60.2 ind mL-1, respectively). Chlorophyll-a was more elevated in December (21.0 ± 4.7 µg L-1) and chlorophyll-c higher in relation to clorophyll- b indicated the dominance of diatoms. Functional Group P prevailed in the study months. Through the PCI índex the waters of Guamá River varied from reasonable to excellent and the TSI ranged from oligo to mesotrophic. The use of Functional Groups proved to be a promising tool in the determination of water quality since it covered the most abundant species in the Environment, but the PCI is not adequate to characterize Amazonian white-waters rivers, which have diatoms as the leading dominant group.

Application of the water quality index (IQEs) to assess the quality of groudwater in the Ghiss-Nekkour aquifer, Al-Hoceima, Northern Morocco

The determination of water quality with simple, accurate and easily understood expressions by managers and decision-makers has become a crucial situation in the environmental context, in order to help stakeholders make appropriate decisions. The aim of this study is to assess the quality of groundwater in the Ghiss-Nekkour aquifer, located in northeastern Morocco, using the Water Quality Index (WQI). The method is based on the analysis of 11 different physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, HCO3-, SO2-4, Cl-, NO3-, NO-2) of this groundwater. By applying this WQI, the water was classified into four categories (Water: good quality, poor, very poor, unsuitable for consumption). The study showed that the water from most wells is unsuitable for domestic consumption and requires treatment.

Geochemical modeling and hydrochemical analysis for water quality determination around mine drainage areas.

Water sources in mining areas do not retain their natural quality due to the influence of mine drainage. Water quality test was through hydrochemical analysis, speciation modeling, and saturation indices. Water samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chlorite, sodium, magnesium, calcium, turbidity, total hardness, lead, zinc, iron, copper, cadmium, manganese, nickel, and chromium. Mean values of turbidity (0.13 mg/L), lead (0.01 mg/L), and cadmium (6.40 mg/L) exceeded their permissible values for potable water. Multivariate statistical analysis shows geogenic and anthropogenic sources of chemical species. Chemical speciation shows that the cations exist mostly in their soluble and mobile forms as free ions. Water quality index of 35-45.5 shows good water for drinking, irrigation, and industrial uses. The values of 63.8-68.8 and 103-121 reflect suitable water for industrial and irrigation uses. The research is integrated and credible in predicting groundwater pollutants to solve water pollution problems. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The mean value of turbidity, Pb, and Cd exceeded the WHO/NSDWQ standards for potable water. Correlation and principal component analyses show that the chemical species are from both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Chemical speciation shows that the cations exist in their soluble and mobile forms as free ions except Cr. Saturation indices show that the minerals anhydrite, anglesite, vivianite, langite, larnakite, melanterite, and mirabilite are undersaturated in the water sources. Water quality index shows that the water is more suitable for irrigation than drinking and industrial uses.

Livestock water quality determination in small dams

The scarcity and low quality of water resources negatively impact food production processes. It is estimated that 8% of the world’s water supply is used in the livestock industries. This activity demands a large amount of water, which must be of high quality. Water quality monitoring in small dams for livestock allows for better decision-making in the management and water resources conservation. Such an approach avoids the risk of low production due to possible diseases. This work evaluated fourteen physicochemical parameters in samples from small dams. The results were used to build a water quality index in small dams (WQI-sd) for livestock. Seven water quality variables were chosen by using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA): electric conductivity, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, and nitrates. These last three parameters are associated with negative welfare and production implications for the livestock. WQI-sd showed that 91% of the water samples were medium quality and the sample “Puerto La Palma” had bad quality. The water quality index for livestock in small dams could be used to generate information relatively quickly since it was built with 7 parameters, of which, more than 70% were determined in situ in a short time.

Water pollution index based on physical-chemical parameters in Bojonegara Coastal Waters of Banten Bay, Indonesia

Water quality is crucial for the survival of organisms. The determination of water quality is important to estimate the status of water pollution. This study was conducted to estimate the status of water quality and water pollution index based on physical-chemical parameters in Bojonegara Coastal Waters. Water sampling were taken at six stations, were consisted river and section, in five months (January-February and August-October 2020). The results of the study was compared with water quality standards for biota based on the Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021; while pollution level was calculated according to Nemerow in Dec. Min. Environ. No 115 of 2003. The observation results of temperature (28.4-37.5°C), salinity (0-38 ppt), transparency (0.05-4.7 m), turbidity (1.1 -380 mg/l), TSS ( 0.7-415 mg/l), pH (6.63-8.2), DO (3.3-7.5 mg/l), nitrate (0.001-0.745 mg/l), and total phosphate (0.001 - 0.377 mg/l), indicated that some parameters were still below the quality standard while others were higher than the water quality standards (i.e. TSS, turbidity, nitrate, and total phosphate). Based on the pollution index, Bojonegara coastal waters were classified into light to moderate categories.

Berdan Nehri Yüzey Sedimanlarında Ekolojik ve Sağlık Riski Değerlendirmesi (Mersin-Türkiye)

Berdan River (Tarsus-Mersin) is one of the major rivers flowing into the coastal region of Northeastern (NE) Mediterranean Sea. Determination of water and sediment quality is of great importance for the sustainable management of streams and rivers. In this study, it was aimed to determine heavy metal pollution status and health risk assessment of sediments in Berdan River caused by human activities. Study findings showed that while nickel and cadmium pollution were determined at all sampling points of the Berdan River Basin, there was a regional pollution of lead and zinc caused by anthropogenic pressures due to industrial and agricultural activities as well as domestic wastewater and atmospheric inputs into the Berdan River. Furthermore, the potential health risk assessment of sediments indicated significant health hazards for the children and adults living in the study area from the carcinogenic lead, chromium and nickel.

Preliminary Analysis of Satellite and Field Data for the Determination of Water Quality in the Conservation Zone in Gabon: The Case of Lake Mandza

Lake Mandza covers more than 4,000 ha and provides ecosystem services to an entire region located in the southwest of Gabon. In a context where in situ data are scarce, the aim of this work is to verify whether satellite data associated with those of transparency and surface temperatures can make it possible to detect a deterioration of the water quality of Lake Mandza. This study shows a spatio-temporal variation in water temperatures in Lake Mandza, which is characterized in particular by an increase of around 2 °C between 1987 and 2017. As for the analysis of the transparency data, it corroborates the hypothesis of a gradual deterioration of the water quality.

Investigation of Water Dynamics Nearby Hydroelectric Power Plant of the Gorky Reservoir on Water Environment: Case Study of 2022

Regulated water bodies like lakes and reservoirs are increasingly becoming an object of attention due to the problems of greenhouse gas emissions, regional ecology, and the necessity to ensure safe environmental management. However, for some local tasks, it is important to assess the contribution of a hydroelectric power plant (HPP) to various parameters of the nearest water environment, for example, mortality of zooplankton, transfer of suspended matter and phytoplankton, formation of secondary deposits, methane emissions, spatial features of stratification, etc. An example of such studies is the present paper. It is based on unique data of complex measurements of hydrophysical, hydrooptical, hydrobiological, and hydrochemical water parameters, as well as methane fluxes, that were collected at the Gorky Reservoir nearby a HPP in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2022. Preliminary correlations between these parameters were obtained. The results are useful for the correct interpretation of satellite images of inland waters, quantitative description of HPPs’ influence on the water environment, knowledge of the main patterns of transformation of aquatic organism communities under conditions of runoff regulation, determination of water quality by hydrobiological parameters, development of mechanisms for improving the ecological state of water bodies, and accounting spatial heterogeneity of methane flows from the surface of the reservoir.

Water Quality Determination Using Soil and Vegetation Communities in the Wetlands of the Andes of Ecuador

The bofedales are high Andean ecosystems of great socioeconomic and ecological importance. The Chimborazo Fauna Production Reserve has 15 bofedales in its jurisdiction, located in the provinces of Chimborazo, Bolívar, and Tungurahua. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between plant species composition and the physicochemical characteristics of water and soil. To determine the floristic composition, destructive sampling of species was applied, and three sampling points of 1 m2 were established every 100 m per wetland. At each sampling point, physical-chemical variables were recorded in situ and in the laboratory for water and soil. The floristic analysis identified 78 riparian species of riparian plants (63 vascular, 12 bryophytes, 4 pteridophytes) and 1 lichen. In the aquatic environment, seven vascular plants, recognized as macrophytes, were recorded. The results show great heterogeneity in the soil, water, and vegetation characters because they respond to a mineralization gradient (as indicated by the high values of electrical conductivity and dissolved ions). Additionally, it was observed that the total amount of soluble solids that characterizes the Los Hieleros wetland (W11) is independent of hardness and chemical oxygen demand, which correlate with each other and, in turn, better describe the Pachancho wetland (W12). The highest degree of turbidity corresponds to the Cóndor Samana (W9) and Portal Andino (W10) wetlands. The Culebrillas (W6), Puente Ayora ANI (W14), and Pampas Salasacas (W1) wetlands are characterized by the presence of dissolved oxygen, so it is assumed that these are the wetlands with the best water quality. Consequently, it is imperative to double efforts to describe the ecology and status of these high Andean wetlands in order to promote their conservation.

Spatiotemporal assessment and pollution-source identification and quantification of the surface water system in a coastal region of Vietnam

Surface water quality in coastal regions could be degraded due to various pollution sources, including seawater intrusion, dependent on seasons and distance from the coastline. The current study aimed to fractionate and quantify different pollution sources affecting surface water quality in a coastal region of Vietnam. Between 2016 and 2020, 400 surface water samples were collected from 40 sites during dry and rainy seasons and analysed for 15 parameters. The results showed that four primary pollution sources including seawater intrusion, agricultural production, residential activities, and humane activities on the hydrological system may contribute to the degradation of water quality. Seawater intrusion contributed approximately 83.3% to the determination of water quality in dry season and 35.3% in rainy season. Water quality in areas within 20km of the coastline was more degraded than in further areas. Management strategy should be developed and implemented to improve surface water quality for sustainable development.

A survey on applications of machine learning algorithms in water quality assessment and water supply and management

AbstractManaging water resources and determining the quality of surface and groundwater is one of the most significant issues fundamental to human and societal well-being. The process of maintaining water quality and managing water resources well involves complications due to human-induced errors. Therefore, applications that facilitate and enhance these processes have gained importance. In recent years, machine learning techniques have been applied successfully in the preservation of water quality and the management and planning of water resources. Water researchers have effectively used these techniques to integrate them into public management systems. In this study, data sources, pre-processing, and machine learning methods used in water research are briefly mentioned, and algorithms are categorized. Then, a general summary of the literature is presented on water quality determination and applications in water resources management. Lastly, the study was detailed using machine learning investigations on two publicly shared datasets.

Assessment of Agro Allied Chemical Pollution on Surface Water Quality of River Lamurde and Mayo-Gwoi, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria

Water bodies have been severely degraded in recent years due to the indiscriminate use of agro-allied chemicals. The study assesses the agro-allied chemical pollution on the surface water quality in River Lamurde and Mayo Gwoi. Water samples were collected from twenty-one (21) sample locations along the River Lamurde and Mayo-Gwoi to determine the seasonal variation during the wet and dry seasons through field determination of water quality and laboratory-based analysis at Taraba State Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Corporation (TAWASCO) Jalingo laboratory. The water quality parameters that were subjected to test include: Calcium (Ca), Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), Zinc (Zn), Nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>), Chromium (Cr), Phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>), Iron (Fe), Sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub>) and Copper (Cu), The data acquired from the laboratory test was subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result of the laboratory analysis shows that the concentration of copper during the dry season and Sulfate during the wet season in river Lamurde and Mayo Gwoi falls within the permissible limits of WHO/NSDWQ while the concentration of Calcium (Ca), Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), Zinc (Zn), Nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>), Chromium (Cr), Phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>) and Iron (Fe) far exceeds the permissible limits of WHO/NSDWQ during the dry and wet season. The findings show that the main causes of the pollution are human activities such as fertilizer application and other agro-allied chemicals around the bank of River Lamurde and Mayo Gwoi. It was recommended that prevention of pollution, treatment of polluted water, safe use of environmentally friendly fertilizers, and other agro-allied chemicals and protection of the ecosystem, among others are desirable actions that will guarantee not only sustainable good quality but also the use of Lamurde and Mayo-Gwoi River water by man.

Heavy Metal and Microbial Assessment of Rivers in the Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria

The present study assessed the heavy metal and microbial loads of Rivers in the Niger Delta basin. Mixed research design was adopted in this study. Nun River, Sagbama River, Andoni River, New Calabar River and Forcados River were purposively selected for the study. Grab method was used to collect the water samples. In each selected rivers selected, three water samples were collected at three different sampling points. The sampling points were about 500 meters apart from each other. Samples were collected against the flow of the water, where any flow was discernible. Water samples were collected at about 10-20cm depth. Determination of water quality was conducted in the laboratory. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the assembled data. Laboratory results of water quality analyses indicate that most heavy metals and microbial parameters measured were above the acceptable water quality standard which implies that the sampled Rivers are polluted. Seasonal variations were observed in the concentrations of heavy metals and microbial loads. Based on the results, it becomes expedient for aggressive public enlightenment to discontinue the practice where rivers are used as a receptacle for the dumping of all sorts of waste and also as pier toilet for defecation. There is therefore need for regular surveillance of rivers within the Niger Delta basin.

SPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTS OF WATER QUALITY ON PUBLIC HEALTH OF RESIDENTS IN THE NIGER DELTA BASIN, NIGERIA

The present study assessed the impact of water quality on public health challenges of residents in the Niger Delta basin. Mixed research design was adopted in this study. Nun River, Sagbama River, Andoni River, New Calabar River and Forcados River were purposively selected for the study. Grab method was used to collect the water samples. In each selected rivers selected, three water samples were collected at three different sampling points. The sampling points were about 500meters apart from each other. Samples were collected against the flow of the water, where any flow was discernible. Water samples were collected at about 10-20cm depth. Determination of water quality was conducted in the laboratory. Case notes of patients were retrieved and assessed for diagnosis of various water-related diseases and outbreak. Descriptive statistics was used in the course of data analysis for the present study. Water quality benchmarks were used to compare water quality whiles the Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated using the Weighted Arithmetic Index method. Laboratory results of water quality analyses indicates that almost all the water quality parameters measured parameters were above the acceptable water quality standards which implies that the water is polluted. Seasonal variations were observed in the concentrations of various water quality parameters. While most of the parameters showed higher concentrations during dry season when water volume is low, others showed lower concentration when the water volume is relatively low. Based on the results, it becomes expedient to discontinue the practice where surface waters are used as a receptacle for the dumping of all sorts of waste. There is the need for regular surveillance of rivers within the Niger Delta to safeguard the users of this vital resource.

Analysis of The Impact of Bone Sugar Factory Waste Water On Quality of Teko River Water

The Bone sugar factory discharges its liquid waste into the Teko River water body. The Teko River is widely used for agricultural and fishery purposes, so it is necessary to maintain the quality of the water to suit its designation. Liquid waste from the Bone sugar factory can affect the water quality of the Teko River. The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality status of the Teko River due to the discharge of waste water from the Bone sugar factory. Observations were made on the water body of the Teko River from the up stream and down stream of the disposal of sugar factory wastewater at 3 stations. Station 1 is the point before the discharge of wastewater, station 2 is the point of discharge of wastewater and station 3 is the point after discharge of wastewater, the recipient of the impact. The results of the research conducted on the Teko river water body showed that the status of water quality at station 1 was the category of lightly polluted, station 2 was in the category of lightly polluted and station 3 was in the category of meeting quality standards. Determination of water quality using the Pollution Index method according to Minister of Environment Decree Number 115 of 2003 using class II river water quality standards according to Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021quality standards according to Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021.

Determination of water quality from the standpoint of the trap of non-representativeness: errors that occur when combining data series

The errors caused by the non-representativeness of the sample data arrays when they are directly combined are analyzed. Using examples of water quality analysis and the quality of metrological support for production processes, it is shown that even if desirable changes in controlled dependencies are observed in different data groups, changes may still be undesirable when combining these groups. It is shown that the correct unification, preserving the direction of functional dependencies, provides for the introduction of weighting coefficients in such a way that the weighted proportion of the studied ratios in the combined data arrays is the same.