Determination Of Serum Triglycerides Research Articles

Lipid profile in an urban healthy adult Bangladeshi population

Background and objectives: The prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) has increased in most of the developing countries, including Bangladesh. An important marker of IHD is dyslipidemia which includes high levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-cholesterol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). So it is very important to know the lipid levels of a particular population for early intervention and prevention of IHD. The present study investigated the lipid levels of healthy urban adult Bangladeshi population.
 Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out over a period of one year at the Department of Physiology of Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total number of 286 apparently healthy individuals were included in this study. Blood sample following overnight fast was collected for determination of serum TG, T-cholesterol, LDL-c and HDL-c. For all four lipid components, 95th percentile value was calculated and compared with values recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).
 Results: A total number of 286 adult individuals were enrolled of which 130 (45.5%) and 156 (54.5%) were male and female respectively. The mean levels of TG (122±56 mg/dl) and T-cholesterol (178±25 mg/dl) of male participants were significantly (p=0.001, p=0.008) higher than that of females (79.3±35.6 and 170±26 mg/dl). The level of serum HDL-c was significantly (p=0.001) higher in females (46.1±7.8 mg/dl)) compared to the males (39.7±8.6 mg/dl). The 95th percentile values of TG, T-cholesterol and LDL-c were higher than that of values recommended by WHO. Of the total participants, 17.1% to 24.1% had TG, T-cholesterol and LDL-c levels higher than the WHO recommended range.
 Conclusion: It is concluded that a proportion of our urban healthy young adult population had lipid profiles different from that recommended by WHO.
 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2020; 14(1): 13-17

Acute behavioural and physiological responses of sheep to S/C ivermectin injection

Acute behavioural and physiological responses of sheep to S/C ivermectin injection

Construction of triglyceride biosensor based on nickel oxide–chitosan/zinc oxide/zinc hexacyanoferrate film

A method is described for construction of an amperometric triglyceride (TG) biosensor based on co-immobilization of lipase, glycerol kinase (GK) and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO) onto nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs)–chitosan (CHIT) nanocomposite adsorbed onto zinc oxide/zinc hexacyanoferrate (ZnO–ZnHCF) hybrid film electrodeposited on the surface of an Au electrode. The NiONPs–CHIT/ZnO–ZnHCF hybrid film was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The biosensor showed optimum response within 4s at pH 6.0 and 35°C, when polarized at +0.4V against Ag/AgCl. There was a linear relationship between sensor response and triolein concentration in the range 50–700mg/dl with sensitivity of 0.05μA/mg/dl. The sensor was employed for determination of TG in serum. The detection limit of the biosensor was 10mg/dl. The biosensor was evaluated with 95–96% recovery of added triolein in sera and 2% and 3% within and between batch coefficients of variation (CVs) respectively. There was a good correlation (r=0.99) between serum TG values by standard enzymic colorimetric method and the present method. The biosensor lost 50% of its initial activity after its 100 uses over a period of 180 days, when stored at 4°C.

Construction of an amperometric TG biosensor based on AuPPy nanocomposite and poly (indole-5-carboxylic acid) modified Au electrode

A method is described for construction of an amperometric triglyceride (TG) biosensor based on covalent co-immobilization of lipase, glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase onto gold polypyrrole nanocomposite decorated poly indole-5-carboxylic acid electrodeposited on the surface of a gold electrode. The enzyme electrode was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Biosensor showed optimum response within 4 s at pH 6.5 and 35 °C, when polarized at +0.1 V against Ag/AgCl. There was a linear relationship between sensor response and triolein concentration in the range 50-700 mg/dl. Biosensor was employed for determination of TG in serum. Detection limit of the biosensor was 20 mg/dl. Biosensor was evaluated with 91-95 % recovery of added triolein in sera and 4.14 and 5.85 % within and between batch coefficients of variation, respectively. There was a good correlation (r = 0.99) between sera TG values by standard method (Enzymic colorimetric) and the present method. The biosensor was unaffected by a number of serum substances at their physiological concentration. Biosensor lost 50 % of its initial activity after its 100 uses over 7 months, when stored at 4 °C.

Determination of serum triglyceride by enzyme electrode using covalently immobilized enzyme on egg shell membrane

A mixture of commercial lipase, glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase was co-immobilized onto egg shell membrane through covalent coupling. A method is described for fabrication of a triglyceride (TG) biosensor using egg shell membrane bound enzymes. The biosensor measured current, i.e. flow of electrons generated from H 2O 2, maximally when polarized at 0.4 V. The biosensor showed optimum response within 10 sec at pH 7.0 and 35 °C. The current was in proportion to concentration of TG in the range 0.56–2.25 mM. An amperometric method was developed for determination of TG employing this enzyme electrode. The minimum detection limit of the method was 0.28 mM. The analytic recovery of added TG was 95.00% and 96.50%. Within batch and between batch coefficients of variations (CV) were <2.14% and <3.48% respectively. A good correlation ( r = 0.985) was obtained between serum TG level by standard enzymic colorimetric method and the present method. Serum substances such as urea, uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, ascorbic acid and pyruvic acid had no interference. The enzyme electrode was used 200 times over a period of 70 days without any considerable loss of activity, when stored at 4 °C.

Lab-on-a-chip for analysis of triglycerides based on a replaceable enzyme carrier using magnetic beads

In this paper an enzyme-carrier-based microfluidic chip coupled with a gold nanoband microelectrode as electrochemical detector for Triglyceride (TG) determination was developed by co-immobilized lipase, Glycerokinase (GK) and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPOx) on chitosan/Fe(3)O(4) composite nanoparticles with a shell-core structure, which combined the advantageous features of microfluidic chips technology with magnetic beads. This procedure enabled the easy renewal of the microchip enzyme carrier after each determination in a highly reproducible manner. Several operational parameters such as working potential, buffer pH, adenosine triphosphate concentrations (ATP, mM), separation voltage and temperature were evaluated and optimized. The performance of enzyme-carrier-based microfluidic chip for TG determination was modulated by changing the length of enzyme carrier from 1.0 to 3.0 cm, and the linear ranges were changed from 0-4.0 mM to 0-10.0 mM with the detection limits from 15 μM to 6.0 μM. The enzyme carrier remained its 70% activity after 40 days storage. This system was successfully employed for on-line detection of TG in serums. The experimental results demonstrated that this enzyme carrier using magnetic beads based microfluidic chip provided a relatively simple, sensitive, miniature, and replaceable means for the accurate determination of TG in serum.

Detection of triglyceride using an iridium nano-particle catalyst based amperometric biosensor

The detection and quantification of triglyceride (TG) using an iridium nano-particle modified carbon based biosensor was successfully carried out in this study. The detection procedures were based on the electrochemical detection of enzymatically produced NADH. TG was hydrolyzed by lipase and the glycerol produced was catalytically oxidized by NAD-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase producing NADH in a solution containing NAD(+). Glyceryl tributyrate, a short chain triglyceride, was chosen as the substrate for the evaluation of this TG biosensor in bovine serum and human serum. A linear response to glyceryl tributyrate in the concentration range of 0 to 10 mM and a sensitivity of 7.5 nA mM(-1) in bovine serum and 7.0 nA mM(-1) in human serum were observed experimentally. The potential interference of species such as uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) was assessed. The incorporation of a selected surfactant and an increase in the incubation temperature appeared to enhance the performance of this biosensor. The conditions for the determination of TG levels in bovine serum using this biosensor were optimized, with sunflower seed oil being used as an analyte to simulate the detection of TG in blood. The experimental results demonstrated that this iridium nano-particle modified working electrode based biosensor provided a relatively simple means for the accurate determination of TG in serum.

Upregulation of liver VLDL receptor and FAT/CD36 expression in LDLR−/− apoB100/100 mice fed trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid

This study explores the mechanisms responsible for the fatty liver setup in mice fed trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12 CLA), hypothesizing that an induction of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression is associated with lipid accumulation. To this end, the effects of t10c12 CLA treatment on lipid parameters, serum lipoproteins, and expression of liver lipid receptors were measured in LDLR(-/-) apoB(100/100) mice as a model of human familial hypercholesterolemia itself depleted of LDLR. Mice were fed t10c12 CLA over 2 or 4 weeks. We first observed that the treatment induced liver steatosis, even in the absence of LDLR. Mice treated for 2 weeks exhibited hypertriglyceridemia with high levels of VLDL and HDL, whereas a 4 week treatment inversely induced a reduction of serum triglycerides (TGs), essentially through a decrease in VLDL levels. In the absence of LDLR, the mRNA levels of other proteins, such as VLDL receptor, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid translocase, usually not expressed in the liver, were upregulated, suggesting their involvement in the steatosis setup and lipoprotein clearance. The data also suggest that the TG-lowering effect induced by t10c12 CLA treatment was attributable to both the reduction of circulating free fatty acids in response to the severe lipoatrophy and the high capacity of liver to clear off plasma lipids.

Epidemiología del perfil lipídico de la población anciana española: el estudio EPICARDIAN

The aim of this study was to describe the lipid profile, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (C-LDL), HDL cholesterol (C-HDL) and triglyceride (TG), to compare these levels between geographical areas and to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in elderly residents (65 years and older) from urban and rural areas of Spain. Epidemiological, observational, multicentre study of Spanish elderly people residents (>or= 65 years old) of 3 communities in 3 Spanish regions: Arévalo (Avila) and Begonte (Lugo) as rural areas and Lista (Central Madrid) as urban area. Stratified randomized sample by age and sex from population census of each area. The participation rate was: 84.6%. At-home interviews (phase 1) (n = 4522): with determination of capillary blood cholesterol levels (Reflotron) and clinical visit (phase 2) (1/3 selected randomly, n = 1907): determination of serum TC levels (enzymatic colorimetric method CHOP-PAD), C-HDL, C-LDL (Friedewald equation) and TG (Trinder Method). Mean concentrations of TC was 230.3 (46.8) mg/dl. These levels decreased significantly with increasing age (p < 0.001), higher in women (p = 0.001); lower in Lugo (226.4 [49.7] mg/dl) than in Madrid (233.2 [42.3] mg/dl) and Arévalo (236.5 [43] mg/dl) (p = 0.002). Global prevalence of hypercholesterolemia by SEA simplified criteria was: 68.9% (95% confidence interval, 66.8-71). Mean concentrations of C-LDL was: 159.4 (37.9) mg/dl; C-HDL: 48.2 (15) mg/dl, and TG: 119.7 (63.85) mg/dl. 31% of cases were awarded about the hypercholesterolemia. Only 30% of them were under treatment with lipid lowering drugs; and 30% of the subjects showed CT concentrations < 200 mg/dl, with no differences by sex, age, study area or education level. Female sex, urban habitat and hypertension were the only variables independently associated to hypercholesterolemia in the logistic model. The prevalence of dyslipidemia is slightly higher to SEA estimation for the European elderly population (50%), greater in women and in younger groups. The awareness, treatment and control of hypercholesterolemia are low among the Spanish elderly population.

Monosegmented flow-analysis of slow enzymatic reactions: Determination of triglycerides in serum

A monosegmented flow system (MCFA) is proposed to achieve slow enzymatic spectrophotometric determinations, here applied to the determination of triglycerides in blood serum. The sample (4.5 μL), enzymatic reagent (150 μL) and an air plug (100 μL) are simultaneously inserted into a carrier stream buffered to pH 7.9 (Tris ⋅ HCl). In order to avoid the cumbersome step of air removal, a relocating detector was used. This system handles about 60 samples/h, yielding precise results (r.s.d. usually<2.5%). Sensitivity is 56 mAU ⋅ L/mmol up to 6 mmol/L triglycerides. Accuracy was assessed by running 50 samples already analysed by a conventional procedure yielding the equation CMCFA(mmol/L)=1.00(±0.04) CRef(mmol/L)−0.03(±0.08); r=0.990.

Recommended Method for Determination of Tri-glycerides in Serum

Recommended Method for Determination of Tri-glycerides in Serum

Error Detection of High Concentrations of Endogenous Free Glycerol in Determination of Serum Triglyceride with the TBA-80S Automated Discrete Analyzer

Error Detection of High Concentrations of Endogenous Free Glycerol in Determination of Serum Triglyceride with the TBA-80S Automated Discrete Analyzer

Determination of Serum Triglycerides by Capillary On-Column Gas Chromatography

We report an accurate method, based on capillary on-column gas chromatography, for determining triglycerides in human serum. After serum extraction and chemical hydrolysis, glycerol is directly measured by gas chromatography (GC). With our extraction method no free glycerol is extracted from serum. The accuracy of this method was compared with that of a method based on the original procedure of Carlson (J. Atheroscler. Res. 3, 334-336 (1963)) and which is standardized by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, Atlanta, U.S.A.). Orthogonal regression analysis of the GC method (y) and the CDC reference method (X) resulted in y = 0.996 X + 0.000 with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The variances of analytical data, collected over a two month period showed that, for the GC method, the within-day coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 1.43%; the between-day CV less than 1.35%. The data for the CDC method were less than 3.36% (within-day) and less than 6.38% (between-days). The CDC method is linear up to 3.7 mmol/l and the GC method to 22 mmol/l.

Determination of serum triglycerides by an accurate enzymatic method not affected by free glycerol.

In this automated single-run enzymatic procedure for specific determination of triglycerides in serum, free glycerol is removed from the reaction mixture by pre-incubation with glycerol phosphate oxidase and peroxidase. The subsequent addition of lipase and the chromogen, 4-aminoantipyrine, results in the formation of color proportional to the amount of triglycerides in serum. Standards containing triolein in aqueous detergent are used to calibrate the method. For serum pools from the Centers for Disease Control with target values of 0.74, 1.41, and 2.63 mmol/L, the method produced biases of +0.01, -0.05, and 0.00 mmol/L, respectively (mean: -0.01 mmol/L or -0.4%). The mean coefficient of variation was 1.4% within and 2.5% between days; the combined CV, 2.9%. Ninety 6-microL serum samples can be analyzed per hour. The method is more accurate and precise than one based on an NADH-coupled enzyme system with separate addition of lipase.

Amperometric enzymic determination of triglycerides in serum.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmperometric enzymic determination of triglycerides in serumHandani. Winartasaputra, Shia S. Kuan, and George G. GuilbaultCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 12, 1987–1990Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00249a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (476 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Impaired intestinal fat absorption in chronic renal failure.

We performed oral fat loading tests in 10 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on hemodialysis (5 children and 5 adults). Fat absorption was measured by hourly determination of serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), and lipoproteins (LP) after oral administration of a 'milkshake' containing 50 g of fat of dairy origin. 10 age-matched healthy volunteers with normal fasting serum TG levels and 10 subjects with fasting hypertriglyceridemia served as controls. Mean fasting serum TG levels in CRF patients were elevated compared to normal controls (177.6 +/- 14.6 mg/dl, 2.0 +/- 17 mmol/l vs. 91.0 +/- 10.5 mg/dl, 1.03 +/- 12 mmol/l). 6 patients (4 adults, 2 children) had type IV LP patterns and 2 patients (both children) showed type IIb hyperlipidemia. In only 2 patients, 1 child and 1 adult were TG, CHOL and LP electrophoresis all normal. The oral fat loading test in all CRF patients showed delayed appearance of TG and chylomicrons (CHYL) in the bloodstream i.c. impaired or slow absorption of fat from the gut. In contrast to normal and hypertriglyceridemic controls, TG and CHYL levels in CRF did not decrease by 5 h after the oral fat load. This study demonstrates impaired intestinal fat absorption in children and adults with CRF.

Factors involved in the determination of triglycerides in serum: An international study

Ten laboratories analysed five different specimens in duplicate on ten separate occasions by one, or several, of five common triglyceride methods. Simple statistical data are presented and, as far as possible, these are interpreted in the light of the methods used and the results of chemical analyses of the materials. Great variability was found between the results of the participating laboratories. The major factor involved seems to be the material specific nature of the methods under study. At least one method in common use is contraindicated.

An improved semi-automated method for the colorimetric determination of triglycerides in serum

A semi-automated colorimetric determination for triglycerides in serum is described. The extraction is performed in sample cups and a part of the upper layer is sampled automatically. The use of modified reagents leads to greater stability and results in only one phase in the continuous flow system. The method is simple and inexpensive and therefore convenient for most laboratories with increasing requests for triglyceride determinations in serum. The method also shows good reproducibility and excellent correlation with the enzymatic method (Eggstein, M. and Kreuz, F.H. (1966) Klin. Wochenschr., 267–273).

Mechanized Enzymatic Determination of Triglycerides in Serum

A procedure for enzymatic determination of serum triglycerides [Clin. Chem. 19, 476 (1973)] has been adapted for use in continuous-flow analysis (Technicon AutoAnalyzer). A very simple manifold is used; serum is incubated at 37 degrees C with the lipase and alpha-chymotrypsin in potassium phosphate buffer (0.1 mol/liter, pH 7, containing 1.50 g of bovine serum albumin per liter). The liberated glycerol is dialyzed against the complete glycerol reagent. The change in absorbance at 340 nm resulting from oxidation of NADH is proportional to the dialyzed glycerol. The same manifold can be used to determine preformed glycerol if the hydrolyzing enzymes are omitted. The hydrolysis is complete, as shown by the use of equivalent glycerol standards. No prior treatment of the samples is necessary. Assays are run at 60 per hour in the AutoAnalyzer l, 80 per hour in the AutoAnalyzer ll. Results with both instruments for 150 samples correlated well with those obtained by the same enzymatic manual method and by the AutoAnalyzer fluorometric procedure.

The Determination of Serum Triglyceride by the Enzymatic Hydrolysis

The Determination of Serum Triglyceride by the Enzymatic Hydrolysis