Determination Of Surface Temperature Research Articles

Determination of land surface temperatures for some oak stands with Landsat 8 OLI satellite images: a case study from Turkey.

This study investigates the effect of forest cover, development stage and aspect factors on surface temperature (LST) in Demirköy and Düzce Forest Enterprises (FE) using Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery from July 2021. In Demirköy FE, the highest LST value was recorded in the district center with 47.4 °C, in Düzce FE, the highest LST value was recorded in the provincial center with 44.6 °C, while the lowest value was 14.3°C in Demirköy FE and 13.02 °C in Düzce FE in densely forested areas. When the stands were evaluated, it was found that pure juvenile oak stands had the highest average LST value with 30.48 °C in Demirköy FE and 23.96 °C in Düzce FE, whereas lower LST values were observed in old oak stands due to more dense cover. In terms of aspect, higher temperatures were recorded in the southern and western aspects in both study areas. In Düzce FE, high LST values were also observed in juvenile stands in the northern direction, indicating the influence of local factors such as topography and solar radiation angle. The highest LST values were observed in open forest areas; 6-9 °C higher temperatures were found in Demirköy and 1-5 °C higher in Düzce compared to vegetated areas. Significant correlations were found between LST and vegetation indices, and the highest correlation was found between LST and Normalized Difference Structuring Index (NDBI) (R2, 0.54 in Demirköy and R2, 0.50 in Düzce). NDVI showed a negative relationship with LST (R2, 0.47 in Demirköy, R2, 0.43 in Düzce). These findings reveal the critical role of forest density, tree species, and forest management practices in regulating surface temperatures, especially in the context of urbanization and deforestation.

The GRAZ Method—Determination of Urban Surface Temperatures from Aerial Thermography Based on a Three-Dimensional Sampling Algorithm

A novel method to derive surface temperatures from aerial thermography is proposed. Its theoretical foundation, details regarding the implementation, relevant sensitivities, and its application on a day and night survey are presented here. The method differs from existing approaches particularly in two aspects: first, a three-dimensional sampling approach is used to determine the reflected thermal radiation component. Different surface classes based on hyperspectral classification with specific properties regarding the reflection and emission of thermal radiation are considered in this sampling process. Second, the method relies on a detailed, altitude-dependent, directionally and spectrally resolved modelling of the atmospheric radiation transfer and considers the spectral sensitivity of the sensor used. In order to accurately consider atmospheric influences, the atmosphere is modelled as a function of altitude regarding temperature, pressure and greenhouse gas concentrations. The atmospheric profiles are generated specifically for the time of the survey based on measurements, meteorological forecasts and generic models. The method was initially developed for application in urban contexts, as it is able to capture the pronounced three-dimensional character of such environments. However, due to the detailed consideration of elevation and atmospheric conditions, the method is also valuable for the analysis of rural areas. The included case studies covering two thermographic surveys of city area of Graz during daytime and nighttime demonstrate the capabilities and feasibility of the method. In relation to the detected brightness temperatures apparent to the sensor, the determined surface temperatures vary considerably and generally cover an increased temperature range. The two processed surface temperature maps of the city area of Graz are finally used to validate the method based on available temperature recordings.

Allowable surface temperature of ceiling heating based on radiant temperature asymmetry

Radiant temperature asymmetry as one of the criteria for local thermal discomfort has an influence on the practical design of the heating system, as people are most sensitive to the radiant heating of the top of the head. The paper presents the determination of the allowable surface temperature of the heated ceiling based on the theoretical calculation using the angle factors and taking into account the allowable the radiant temperature asymmetry according to the standard values of 5 and 7 K. In practice, the radiation temperature asymmetry is determined by measuring two radiant temperatures. In this paper, the measurement of radiant temperature asymmetry is measured in an experimental room with a heated ceiling and the results are compared with the theoretical calculation procedure. The paper points out the differences between the measured and calculated values of the radiant temperature asymmetry. Based on the analyses, the allowable ceiling temperatures for radiant heating have been determined for different room geometries so that the radiant temperature asymmetry for thermal comfort categories A, B is actually observed. A new correlation has been established to determine the allowable surface temperature of the radiant ceiling as a function of the angle factor between the small plane element and the ceiling. For practical use, the correlation has been adjusted for typical geometric cases without the need for calculation of angle factors. Maximum ceiling surface temperatures are graphically displayed without causing thermal discomfort. Conversely, in large rooms with a heated ceiling, the ceiling surface temperature is severely limited, precisely because of the potential for thermal discomfort due to radiant temperature asymmetry.

Thermal regime of peatlands in Western Siberia near the southern border of the permafrost

Relevance. The permafrost degradation under the effect of global warming. It determines the necessity for a predictive assessment of permafrost stability to minimize disturbances to engineering installations in the permafrost zone. Aim. To assess the stability of frozen peatlands in the southern part of the zone of insular distribution of permafrost. Objects. Soils of flat-mound and high-mound palsa mires, which preserve permafrost on the southern border of the insular permafrost zone. Methods. Measurements of the temperature of peat and mineral soil in geocryological boreholes from 0 to 10 m deep using the SAM-N automatic monitoring surveillance network; determination of surface temperature from thermal channels of MODIS satellite images from 2000 to 2022; analysis of meteorological indices and determination of air temperature trends for predictive assessment of permafrost stability; calculation of indicator values of permafrost state, such as freezing degree-days and thawing degree-days, frost index, freezing and thawing N-factors. Results. Numerous features of unstable permafrost have been observed. In particular, the mean annual temperature of the surface layer was positive in all studied boreholes (+0.8...+1.3°C), and the temperature at the depth of zero amplitudes (10 m) is close to the melting point (with the predominance of temperatures in the range of –0.2...–0.3°C). Besides, a layer of soil that does not freeze throughout the year (non-merging permafrost) was identified. The thawing degree-days and frost number values correspond to areas with unfrozen soils. Positive trends in air temperature, Earth's surface temperature, and snow depth were observed. For 2000–2022, surface air temperature increased by 0.76°C/10 years on average. The land surface temperature increased in summer by an average of 0.42°C/10 years. If the positive trend in surface air temperatures continues, frozen peatlands in the southern part of the permafrost zone will completely melt in 50–70 years.

Genetic Algorithm as the Solution of Non-Linear Inverse Heat Conduction Problems: A Novel Sequential Approach

Abstract Direct measurement of surface heat flux could be extremely challenging, if not impossible, in numerous applications. In such cases, the use of temperature measurement data from subsurface locations can facilitate the determination of surface heat flux and temperature through the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). Several different techniques have been developed over the years for solving IHCPs, with different levels of complexity and accuracy. The filter coefficient technique has proved to be a promising approach for solving IHCPs. Inspired by the filter coefficient approach, a novel method is presented in this paper for solving one-dimensional IHCPs in a domain with temperature-dependent material properties. A test case is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics where the front side of a slab is subject to known transient heat flux and the temperature distributions within the domain are calculated through numerical simulation. The IHCP solution in the form of filter coefficients is defined and a genetic algorithm (GA) is used for the calculation of filter matrix. The number of significant filter coefficients required to evaluate surface heat flux at each time-step is determined through trial and error and the optimal number is selected for evaluating the solution. The structure of the filter matrix is assessed and discussed. The resulting filter coefficients are then used to evaluate the surface heat flux for several different test cases and the performance of the proposed approach is assessed in detail. The results showed that the presented approach is robust and can result in finding optimal filter coefficients that can accurately estimate various types of surface heat flux profiles using temperature data from a limited number of time steps and in a near real-time fashion.

Determination of land surface temperature and urban heat island effects with remote sensing capabilities: the case of Kayseri, Türkiye

Kayseri, a densely urbanized province in Türkiye, grapples with pressing challenges of air pollution and limited green spaces, accentuating the need for strategic urban planning. This study, utilizing Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 satellite imagery, investigates the evolution of land surface temperatures (LST) and urban heat island (UHI) effects in key districts—Kocasinan, Melikgazi, Talas, and Hacılar—between 2013 and 2022. This research has been complemented with an analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), exploring correlations among the LST, UHI, NDVI, and NDBI changes. The findings indicate that a significant portion (65% and 88%) of the study area remained unchanged with respect to the NDVI and NDBI differences. This research’s findings reveal that a substantial portion (65% and 88%) of the study area exhibited consistency in the NDVI and NDBI. Noteworthy increases in the NDVI were observed in 20% of the region, while only 4% exhibited higher NDBI. Strikingly, the UHI displayed strong negative correlations with the NDVI and robust positive correlations with the NDBI. The LST changes demonstrated a reduced temperature range, from 21 to 51 °C in 2013, to 18 to 40 °C in 2022. Localized environmental factors, notably at the National Garden site, showcased the most significant temperature variations. Notably, the UHI exhibited strong negative correlations with the NDVI and strong positive correlations with the NDBI. The study’s results emphasize the interplay among the NDBI, LST, and UHI and an inverse relationship with the NDVI and NDBI, LST, and UHI. These findings hold implications for urban planning and policymaking, particularly in the context of resilient and sustainable land use planning and the UHI mitigation. This research underscores the intricate interplay among the NDBI, LST, and UHI, highlighting an inverse relationship with the NDVI. These findings hold crucial implications for resilient and sustainable urban planning, particularly in mitigating the UHI effects. Despite limited vacant spaces in Kayseri, geospatial techniques for identifying potential green spaces can facilitate swift UHI mitigation measures. Acknowledging Kayseri’s complex dynamics, future research should delve into the UHI responses to urban morphology and design, extending this methodology to analyze the UHI effects in other Turkish cities. This research contributes to a broader understanding of UHI dynamics and sustainable urban planning practices, offering valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers alike.

Influence of Electrode Surface Evolution on the Properties of High-current Vacuum Arcs in Switching Applications

Properties of high-current vacuum arcs in dependence on electrode surface status have been studied. The AC current pulses with 16kA (rms) at 50Hz have been applied to spiral contact system made of conventional CuCr material. Each contact pair was loaded with 20 shots. Arc diagnostics comprises arc current and voltage measurements as well as various optical diagnostics. Two high-speed cameras were used for analysis of arc dynamics. Near infrared radiation spectroscopy was applied for determination of the anode surface temperature after the arc extinguishing. The results show clear changes in arc dynamics and anode surface temperature with progressing surface ageing.

Comparison of the consequences of state of charge and state of health on the thermal runaway behavior of lithium ion batteries

In this work the influence of the SoC and the SoH on the thermal runaway was analyzed in depth (SoC 30–100 % /SoH 75–100 %). Generally, the results show a decrease in the strength of the TR reactions with decreasing SoC/SoH. The determined surface temperatures decrease by >100 °C when SoC and SOH are reduced to 50 % SoC or 75 % SoH because there are fewer stored and active lithium ions as well as less overall stored energy and more inactive components. Released particles and gas caused a mass loss reduction of 12.5 % (SoC) and 7 % (SoH), respectively, with measurable gas concentrations of decomposition products and linear hydrocarbons decreasing. At the same time the concentrations of gaseous electrolyte components increase. A comparative analysis at SoC 80 % or SoH 80 % shows that the amount of stored energy or Li-ions incorporated at the time of penetration into the anode is responsible for the main reaction characteristics, which include the course of the voltage drop, the temperature evolution and the composition of the reaction gases. However, despite aging effects occurring with SoH reduction, the surface temperatures and determined gas concentrations reach the same values. At microscopic scale, changes in the reactions, e.g. SEI-decomposition, are expected, but no effect on the macroscopic TR is measurable. In general, it has been shown that both lower SoC and SoH minimize the severity of an occurring TR. In summary, it could be determined that cell surface temperatures drop by the same average values, up to 100 °C, for the same reduction in SoC and SoH. Gas concentrations decrease, as do cell mass loss parameters. With lower energy, the amount of carbonate compounds in the gas phase increases, with decomposition products increasing with increased energy. In general, it has been shown that both lower SoC and SoH minimize the severity of an occurring TR. In a comparative analysis of decreased SoC and SoH, it was shown that the type of decrease in stored Li-ion amounts, setting SoC 80 % or SoH 80 %, does almost not affect the macroscopically detectable responses of TR. The surface temperatures reached on the cell, as well as the gas concentrations determined and parameters such as the penetration depth to the TR and the mass loss show identical values for SoC 80 % and SoH 80 %. In the final analysis, it is the quantity of stored Li-ions that determines the effects and strength of the TR, and effects such as cyclic aging or state of charge are negligible on a macroscopic level. The results help to better allocate the effects of aging and charging to the utilization phase and existing hazards, and form the basis for further predictions and simulations.

A Review on Measurement of Spectral Directional Emissivity of Microstructured Surfaces in Infrared Wavelength Range

A survey of researches in the field of spectral directional emissivity measurements of microstructured surfaces by using direct and indirect radiometric methods in infrared wavelength range is presented. Nowadays, new concepts of periodic surface microstructures with geometrical dimensions of the same order of magnitude as the thermal radiation wavelengths are becoming one of the attractive methods for controlling spectral radiative properties of a surface like emissivity and reflectivity. Since the resonance effect between the periodic microstructures and the electromagnetic field has become one of the most promising ways to vary optical or radiative properties of the radiating surfaces artificially, in this review paper emphasis is given to the measurement of directional spectral emissivity of microstructured surfaces. A review of many systems is presented that are capable of measuring the spectral directional emissivities of solid surfaces at moderate temperatures. An overview of experimental setups is provided including the reference sources of radiation, the sample clamping and heating, detection systems, methods for the determination of surface temperature and procedures for emissivity evaluation. The paper is focused on methods of finding the emissivity of microstructures. Selected experimental data in the form of graph are presented for various microstructured surfaces.

LST determination of different urban growth patterns: A modeling procedure to identify the dominant spatial metrics

The growing threat of urban heating has attracted considerable scholarly attention to their modeling and prediction. To improve the urban land surface temperature (LST) determination, this study assumed that the spatial pattern of built-up patches matters in LST prediction. To test this idea in a rapidly-urbanizing landscape, different urban growth types including infilling, edge expansion and outlying patterns and their LST layers were extracted from Landsat images in 1992, 2002, 2012, and 2022. The mean LST of each growth pattern was then modeled using the multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and an array of independent variables related to the spatial formation and LST of the newly-grown and previously-existed urban patches. Results of the best infilling MLR model (R2 = 0.579) showed that the highest mean LST of the infilling growth is expected to be around the center of large focal patches. The mean LST of the edge expansion growth patches were found to be influenced by the mean LST of the edge of their focal patches and their shape structure (R2 = 0.362). The area of the outlying growth patches was also selected as the sole predictor of their mean LST (R2 = 0.334). According to the findings, the mean LST of the outlying, infilling and edge expansion growth patterns are influenced by the landscape composition, configuration and structure, respectively. Our results corroborate the idea that the performance of the urban LST prediction and their practical implications can be improved when the built-up landscape is divided into more spatially similar growth classes.

Determination of surface temperature in water bodies with the use of multiband landsat satellite images: Case study of Seyfe Lake

Determination of surface temperature in water bodies with the use of multiband landsat satellite images: Case study of Seyfe Lake

Method of identifying urban heat islands by remote sensing based on big data

In recent decades, the speed of construction, expansion, and development of smart cities by humans has been increasing faster, thanks to new technologies. However, alongside the fantastic development of new technologies also comes negative impacts such as climate change. One of the characteristics of climate change is the changing thermal comfort of humans living in the city. Heat stress is a feature of the urban heat island phenomenon. Congestion of airflows within the urban area causes localized hot areas, causing a temperature difference of 2-3 degrees between the areas inside the city and the suburbs. This study presents a method for determining surface temperature and the location of heat islands based on Google's cloud computing platform. The platform uses a combination of satellite imagery, Earth observation data, and machine learning algorithms to allow users to identify and measure changes in land use, ecosystems, and climate patterns at a global scale. Google Earth Engine enables researchers and organizations to process enormous amounts of data with short turnaround times. The method described in the article allows the analysis and retrieval of data in the large dataset of the Landsat 8 satellite. By determining the location of heat islands, the government, policymakers, and planners can develop plans to cope with the urban heat island phenomenon and improve the quality of life for residents.

Thermal behavior of a conical antenna cooled with nanofluid saturated porous media: effects of the cavity’s inclination and aspect ratio

Purpose The aim of this work is to determine the average surface temperature of a conical antenna. Its cooling is ensured by means of a nanofluid-saturated porous structure. The volume fraction of the H2O–Cu nanofluid ranges between 0% (pure water) and 5%, whereas the ratio between the thermal conductivity of the used porous materials and that of water (fluid base) varies in the wide 4–41.2 range. The antenna is contained in a coaxial conical closed cavity with a variable distance between the cones, leading to an aspect ratio varying between 0.2 and 0.6. The axis of the assembly is also inclined with respect to the gravity field by an angle varying between 0° (a vertical axis with top of the cone oriented upwards) and 180° (a vertical axis with top of the cone oriented downwards). Design/methodology/approach Simulations have been done by means of the volume control method based on the SIMPLE algorithm. Findings Results of the numerical approach show that the cavity’s aspect ratio and inclination with respect to the gravity field significantly affect the thermal behavior of the active cone. Otherwise, the work confirms that the Maxwell and Brinkman models used to determine the nanofluid’s effective thermal conductivity and viscosity, respectively, are adapted to the considered assembly. Originality/value A new correlation is proposed, allowing the determination of the average surface temperature of the active cone and its correct thermal sizing. This correlation could be used in various engineering fields, including electronics, examined in the present study.

Thermal and dimensional evaluation of a test plate for assessing the measurement capability of a thermal imager within nuclear decommissioning storage

In this laboratory-based study, a plate was designed, manufactured and then characterised thermally and dimensionally using a thermal imager. This plate comprised a range of known scratch, dent, thinning and pitting artefacts as mimics of possible surface anomalies, as well as an arrangement of higher emissivity targets. The thermal and dimensional characterisation of this plate facilitated surface temperature determination. This was verified through thermal models and successful defect identification of the scratch and pitting artefacts at temperatures from 30°C to 170°C.These laboratory measurements demonstrated the feasibility of deploying in-situ thermal imaging to the thermal and dimensional characterisation of special nuclear material containers. Surface temperature determination demonstrated uncertainties from 1.0°C to 6.8°C (k=2). The principle challenges inhibiting successful deployment are a lack of suitable emissivity data and a robust defect identification algorithm suited to both static and transient datasets.

Thermal degradation assessment study of a direct vaporization ORC based micro-CHP system under close-to-real operating conditions

• Most of the thermal degradation assessment methods are far from real conditions. • The thermal degradation temperature is affected by the assessment method. • Static approaches can provide over-restrict thermal degradation temperatures. • Surface temperatures don’t need to be limited by values taken from static methods. • Degradation studies must quantify the effective time over the degradation limit. Organic Rankine cycles have the potential to be implemented at a micro-scale and to fulfil the technological gap that is preventing the retrofit of the wall-hang residential combi-boilers by cogeneration systems. Such ability requires the use of high-temperature combustion gases to vaporize the organic fluid and needs to deal with the risk of its thermal degradation. Limits to the fluid bulk temperatures are well known and easily controllable, nevertheless, the relevance of the thermal boundary layer and the temperature of the heat-transfer surfaces over the thermal degradation must be considered and analyzed in depth because of the significant temperature differences between the combustion gases and the organic fluid. With the objective of understanding the thermal degradation temperature limits presented in the literature, an extensive and updated review of the most relevant works was presented. Due to the dispersity of the information regarding the thermal degradation methods and procedures found, a new framework was developed to classify them according to their key essential features: the thermal stress, the degradation assessment and the determination of the limit temperature. The output of that classification is presented together with the degradation temperature value to expose their dependency. The review also allows identifying that the large majority of the thermal degradation temperature values were determined using operating conditions that are far from reality. Complementing the review analysis, this paper offers a first insight into the study of the effect of the thermal boundary layer on its chemical integrity. This is achieved by coupling a detailed comprehensive characterization of the system operating conditions, which comprise the determination of the heat-transfer surface temperatures in contact with the organic fluid, with the realization of dynamic thermal stress tests that include the experimental evaluation of the organic fluid thermal degradation. Operating conditions that lead to heat-transfer surface temperatures well above the threshold found in the literature are considered in this work. The absence of thermal degradation in this situation may indicate that i) the current threshold should not be used to impose upper bounds on the evaporator heat-transfer surface temperature and ii) the time (and not only the temperature) has a significant effect on the thermal degradation of the organic fluid in real operating systems.

Surface temperature measurement of cooling and heating droplets by rainbow refractometry.

Rainbow refractometry was used to measure the temperature and size of transparent spherical particles. In practice, however, there are limitations to the application of heating and cooling droplets, as the temperature measured is neither the average nor the surface or core temperature of the droplet. Reported here is an exploitation of this technique for droplet surface temperature determination. Droplet surface tension was measured by detecting the evolution of interference fringes of oscillating droplets. The dependence of surface tension on temperature facilitated the study of surface temperature of an evaporating droplet with time. Moving ethanol, n-heptane, and n-decane droplets were investigated under heating and cooling conditions. The capabilities and limitations of rainbow refractometry were verified by comparing the droplet temperature values measured directly by rainbow refractometry with the surface temperature.

Investigation of Thermal Behavior of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicle

With growing concerns over climate change due to automotive emissions, fossil fuel depletion, and the increasing price of crude oil, electric vehicles have gained more interest as a mode of transportation. Various electric vehicles have been developed in recent years, including pure electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). One of the keen focus area in the ongoing development of EVs is their energy storage systems. Mostly lithium-ion batteries are being used as an energy storage system in EVs. Various complicated reaction occurs during charging/discharging of batteries and the thermal behavior of the batteries are coupled to these reactions. Electrochemical reactions affect the heat generation rate, and higher temperatures further increase the speed of the electrochemical reactions. Adverse operating temperatures can impact battery performance, degradation, and safety. Hence it is become very important to investigate the thermal behavior of the lithium-ion batteries. Thermal investigation of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries of different chemistry and shape factor is conducted for different charging/discharging rate and atmospheric conditions using numerical technique. The numerical technique includes the determination of surface temperature of battery by solving the energy balance equation using suitable numerical method. The accuracy of numerical techniques is validated using the experimental techniques. Thermal investigation conducted in this research can help in deciding the operating strategies of battery management system and further in designing the proper thermal management system.

Experimental study on the thermal control of a roof-top collective building antenna using a porous matrix filled with Water-Copper nanofluid

This experimental work addressed the thermal control a roof-top collective building antenna meant to control home equipment in smart buildings. The antenna was placed inside a concentric quasi-cylindrical cavity maintained at low temperature. Cooling was provided by a Water-Copper nanofluid saturated porous matrix placed between the antenna and the enclosure. The ratio of the thermal conductivity of the porous material to that of the water varied from 4 up to 41.2. The nanoparticles volume fraction varied between 0% and 5%. The main result was a new semi-empirical correlation that allows for the determination of the antenna's average surface temperature as a function of the governing parameters: ratios of nanofluid to water and porous media to water thermal conductivities, nanoparticles volume fraction, and Rayleigh number. The applicability of the correlation was illustrated for a practical application case. It was found that, for some cases, the proposed thermal control system improves power dissipation by a factor of 33% as compared with the case of pure water (2 kW versus 1.5 kW).

Proposal of a numerical and experimental methodology for simultaneous determination of thermal properties and internal surface temperature: experimental validation using a polyvinyl chloride flat plate

Proposal of a numerical and experimental methodology for simultaneous determination of thermal properties and internal surface temperature: experimental validation using a polyvinyl chloride flat plate

Protocolo metodológico para obtenção dos valores de radiância, emissividade e temperatura de superfície de imagens Landsat 8 utilizando LEGAL

Considerando-se a importância do sensoriamento remoto térmico, pesquisadores vêm atuando no desenvolvimento de diversos algoritmos que contribuam na determinação da temperatura de superfície com a utilização de dados orbitais. Tais algoritmos podem ser utilizados em estudos que objetivam avaliar o fenômeno de ilha de calor urbana, em estudos de microclimas habitacionais, no entendimento térmico do fluxo de energia em paisagens urbanas e para a compreensão da interação da temperatura superficial com diferentes alvos de superfície terrestre. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste artigo é o de divulgar um protocolo metodológico para obtenção dos valores reais de temperatura de superfície de imagens Landsat 8, a partir da criação de algoritmos em LEGAL e, dessa forma, possibilitar a replicação e execução de outras pesquisas que visem à obtenção desses dados através do SPRING, um software brasileiro gratuito e de livre acesso. A elaboração deste protocolo é justificada pela quase completa ausência de trabalhos que descrevam a obtenção da temperatura de superfície e outros parâmetros físicos (radiância, reflectância, emissividade) ou ecológicos (NDVI, SAVI, IAF) através do SIG mencionado. Trata-se de um protocolo inédito, que poderá constituir base de referência para pesquisadores, estudantes e gestores não familiarizados com o desenvolvimento de algoritmos, mas que visem à obtenção correta e adequada de dados de sensoriamento remoto térmico. Também fica evidenciado que é extremamente viável a utilização de ambientes livres para trabalhos com álgebras de mapas, ambientes estes que podem demonstrar robustez de processamento igual a versões de softwares pagos.Palavras-chave: radiância, reflectância, índices de vegetação, emissividade de superfície, SPRING. Methodological protocol for obtaining radiance, emissivity, and surface temperature values from Landsat 8 images using LEGAL A B S T R A C TGiven the importance of thermal remote sensing, researchers have been working on the development of algorithms that contribute to the determination of surface temperature using orbital data. Such algorithms can be used in studies that evaluate the urban heat island phenomenon, in microclimate studies, in the thermal understanding of energy flow in urban landscapes, and the understanding of the interaction of surface temperature with different targets on the earth's surface. Thus, the current article proposes a methodological protocol to obtain the real values of the surface temperature of Landsat 8 images through algorithms in LEGAL and, in this way, to enable the replication and execution of other studies that obtain these data through the SPRING, free and open-access software. The elaboration of this protocol is justified by the absence of works describing the attainment of surface temperature and other physical parameters (radiance, reflectance, emissivity) or ecological parameters (NDVI, SAVI, LAI) through the mentioned GIS. This is an unprecedented protocol, which can be a reference for researchers, students, and managers unfamiliar with the development of algorithms, but who want to obtain correct and adequate maps of thermal remote sensing. It is also evident that it is extremely viable to use free environments to work with map algebra, environments that can demonstrate processing robustness equal to paid versions of software.Keywords: radiance, reflectance, vegetation indices, surface emissivity, SPRING.