Determination Of Radon Concentration Research Articles

Determination of Radon Concentrations in Selected Soil Samples from the City of Mosul Using Nuclear Track Detector CR-39

Determination of Radon Concentrations in Selected Soil Samples from the City of Mosul Using Nuclear Track Detector CR-39

Determination of radon concentrations and physicochemical parameters of non-alcoholic carbonated beverages consumed in Türkiye and assessment of radiological health risk

ABSTRACT The strategy for controlling the existence of radionuclides in drinking water depends upon an individual dose criterion (IDC) of 0.1 mSv/y, which represents a very low level of risk that is not expected to cause any identified adverse health effects. Radon gas, considered a carcinogenic radionuclide, can dissolve and accumulate in drinking water. Non-alcoholic carbonated beverages (NACBs), which mainly contain drinking water, phosphoric acid, citric acid, caffeine, and sugar, represent one of the most consumed groups worldwide and in Türkiye. In this study, the radon activity concentration and some physicochemical characteristics of 45 NACB samples from 24 most preferred commercial brands in Türkiye were determined to assess the radiological health risk associated with the ingestion of these samples. Radon activity concentrations measured in NACB samples using the AlphaGUARD radon analyzer ranged from 22.8 ± 0.7 to 54.9 ± 1.7 mBq/L. The pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and brix values in NACB samples ranged from 2.31 to 7.29, 401 to 3281 μSv/cm, 355 to 2453 mg/L, and 0.10 to 12.95%, respectively. Total (ingestion and inhalation) annual effective doses and the corresponding excess lifetime cancer risks estimated for adults to assess the radiological health risk are significantly below the IDC and advised safety limit (10−3), respectively.

Determination of radon concentration in bottled drinking water of Dhaka City

ABSTRACT Among all natural radiation sources, exposure to radon (222Rn) is considered as the most hazardous to human health. Recognizing the significance of water in preserving a healthy life style, assessing the 222Rn activity in drinking water is crucial. The 222Rn activity concentration was measured in 20 different branded bottled drinking waters purchased from Dhaka city using both alpha and gamma-ray spectrometry systems. Activity concentrations of 222Rn in bottled water obtained via RAD7 detector varied from 0.1 ± 0.02 Bq/L to 0.42 ± 0.01 Bq/L with an average value of 0.26 ± 0.02, while the value varied from 0.12 ± 0.01 Bq/L to 0.52 ± 0.31 Bq/L with an average value of 0.29 ± 0.09 by HPGe detector. The obtained results show lower concentrations when compared with other studies around the world as well as the US-EPA reference level of 11.1 Bq l−1 or 300 pCi l−1. The total annual effective dose calculated for different age groups and internal organ doses were found below the action level recommended by WHO (0.1 mSv y−1) and ICRP (3–10 mSv y−1), due to 222Rn, 3H and 40K in drinking water. Based on the obtained radon concentration and concomitant dose values, this study suggested negligible health hazards due to the consumption of bottled drinking water in Bangladesh. The results of this study could serve as a reference data for future studies in the area and beyond.

Determination of Radon Concentration in Groundwater of Areekode Region, Kerala, India - A Case Study

Abstract The primary factors in the radiation exposure received by the human population from soil and water are natural radioactivity, uranium isotopes, and thorium isotopes. High levels of nuclear radiation exposure are now one of the leading causes of cancer. Radon and its offspring in the biosphere have long been the topic of research. Various experts from all over the world have undertaken several investigations on the quantity of radon in surface and groundwater supplies. An attempt was made to measure the levels of radon in groundwater in and around Areekode using a smart radon monitor (SRM) developed by the Baba Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in Mumbai. Groundwater/Bore well water in this region had 222Rn in concentrations ranging from 0.37±0.03Bq/L to 3.53±0.10Bq/L. The environmental protection agency’s allowable limit of 11.1 kBq/m3 was met by all of the samples.

Prediction of the Radon Situation in Buildings Constructed Under the Renovation Program

The paper is devoted to the study of the regularities of the radon situation formation in modern multi-storey buildings at the design stage. Calculation schemes for radon entry into the premises of the lower and upper floors are constructed, a method for determination of radon concentration in the building after its erection is proposed. It is based on a joint analysis of the soil base physical and mechanical characteristics of and the design features of the underground shell of the building. According to the calculations results, a significant role of air exchange in the formation of a favorable radon situation in the building was noted.

222Rn Activity Concentration Measurement and its Radiological Risks in the Environment of Barserin Village, Erbil-Iraq

222Rn Activity Concentration Measurement and its Radiological Risks in the Environment of Barserin Village, Erbil-Iraq

Analysis of radon concentration and gamma dose rate in residential houses of Ambon and Seram Islands, Maluku

Radon concentration analysis in the residential houses on Ambon and Seram Island - Maluku through the passive method using the CR-39 nuclear track detector has been studied. The CR-39 nuclear track detector was installed inside the residential houses for 3 months. After finishing the exposure, the detector was taken and etched using 6.25 N NaOH solution. The nuclear track of radon in the CR-39 was read by a microscope with 400 times magnification. From the results of reading the track, determination of radon concentration in the houses was calculated. The results of the analysis showed that radon concentrations in the residential houses of Ambon and Seram Islands, Maluku at the low level were in the range of 2.56 ± 0.18 Bq/m3 to 59.65 ± 4.22Bq/m3 with an average value of 28.42 ± 1.98 Bq/m3. The average concentration of radon is still below the average radon concentration in the world of 50 Bq/m3. The value of dose received by the population due to exposure of radon and gamma radiation in the range of 0.90-1.44 mSv/year. There is a positive correlation between radon concentration value and total radiation doses received by the population for a year. This data can be used in the study of radiation safety for the Ministry of Health and as a contribution to Indonesia in the international community about monitoring environmental radiation from radon concentrations in residential houses

ASSESSMENT OF ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSE DUE TO INHALATION AND INGESTION OF RADON IN WATER SAMPLES FROM THE CEMENT INDUSTRIAL AREA OF SOKOTO, NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

Water remains the most abundant and critical commodity for guaranteeing the continuity of human lives on earth. Ensuring cleanliness of water for human consumption is of paramount importance. The 222Rn concentration has been assessed in drinking water samples collected from various water resources used by communities around Sokoto Cement Company, with the view of assessing the radiological risk, if any, to human health. The sources of collected water samples were hand pumps and hand dug wells and water seepages. Determination of radon concentration was conducted using liquid scintillation counter (Model: Tri-Carb-LSA1000) following standard procedures. The overall mean value of 222Rn concentration was found to be 34±3.7 Bq/L The resulting mean annual effective doses due to inhalation of radon in the water samples was 41 μSvy-1, while ingestion for adults, children and infants were 248±27 μSvy-1, 372±40 μSvy-1 and 434±47 μSvy-1 respectively. These values are above the recommended benchmarks prescribed by UNSCEAR, WHO, European commission and USEPA guiding the utilization of water for drinking and domestic purposes. This indicates that the water resources around the cement company are not safe for drinking and domestic purposes from the radiological point of view.

Natural background radiation at Lab 2 of Callio Lab, Pyhäsalmi mine in Finland

In operating mines, as well as in deep locations for planned scientific activities, it is essential to recognize the natural background radiation from the point of view of both occupational hazard and experimental background. Callio Lab, located in the Pyhäsalmi Mine, Finland, is one of the underground laboratories participating in the Baltic Sea Underground Innovation Network (BSUIN). The characterization of the natural background radiation was done at the Lab 2, which is the deepest located in Callio Lab. It involved in-situ gamma spectrometry, thermal neutron flux measurements, radon concentration determination, and α∕β laboratory spectrometry of water and rock samples. At a depth of 1436 m (∼4000 m w.e.) within the felsic volcanic bedrock occurs a volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, wherein a thermal neutron flux of (1.73 ± 0.10) × 10−5 cm−2s−1, a gamma-ray flux of 12.7 ± 1.5 cm−2s−1, a gamma-ray dose of 0.158 ± 0.029 μ Sv/h and a radon concentration of 213.3 Bq/m3 ± 11% were determined.

Determination of radon concentration in groundwater of Gadau, Bauchi State, Nigeria and estimation of effective dose

Owing to its proximity to rock and soil, groundwater may contain a non-negligible amount of naturally occurring radioactive materials. If so, the drinking water sourced from deep-bore wells may pose great harm to human health. Acknowledging that water plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, it is important to study the radiological implications of radon gas associated with the intake of groundwater. A total of 10 groundwater samples were analyzed using RAD7 alpha spectrometry (Durridge Co., USA). The measured radon concentration was found to be in the range of 4.92–82.89 (mean 38.3 Bq l−1), which is higher than the US-EPA reference level of 11.1 Bq l−1 or 300 pCi l−1 but within the permissible limit of 100 Bq/m3 set by WHO and EU for indoor radon level (i.e., for inhalation pathway). The values obtained from the studied media were found to be relatively higher than most of the data available in the literature. The mean annual effective dose for ingestion (8.05 μSv y−1) and inhalation (0.10 μSv y−1) was found to be significantly lower than the action level recommended by WHO (0.1 mSv y−1) and ICRP (3–10 mSv y−1), due to 222Rn, 3H and 40K in drinking water. Note that, such a comparison may not reflect the real scenario since our estimated dose is only contributed to by 222Rn. However, the obtained data could serve as a reference for any future radiological study of the waterbody in this region.

Determination of radon concentrations near mobile towers in selected cities of Babylon governorate, Iraq

Determination of radon concentration in a dwelling is preferred method for monitoring the internal exposure of radiological contaminants. Measurement the concentration of radon and their daughter products in indoor and outdoor of dwelling for Al-Medhatyah and Al-Hashimiyah cities, Babylon governorate near mobile stations were carried out by nuclear track detectors (CR-39) in a bare mode. The results show that the concentrations of indoor radon were found to vary from 85.51 Bq/m3 to 157.48 Bq/m3 with an average value of 131.43 ± 20.71 Bq/m3.This values was lower than the ICRP reco mmended values of (200 – 300 Bq/m3) and thus is within safe limits. The outdoor radon concentrations was vary fro m 100.75 Bq/m3 to 110.06 Bq/m3 with average 105.26 ± 3.8 Bq/m3, the outdoor radon concentration is usually low and less than average indoor levels. The equilibriu m-equivalent radon concentration (EECRN), potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC), annual exposure to potential alpha energy (EP), annual effective dose (AED) and the lung cancer cases per year per million people (CPPP) were calculated.

Determination of Radon Concentrations in Soil Around Al-Tuwaitha Site Using CR-39 Detector

In this work radon concentration in 37 soil samples collected from 17 regions surround the (Al Tuwaitha) were measured by using solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD.s) CR-39 with natural exposure of one month, and by comparison with standard samples. The radon concentration in the soil samples was about (9.583 ± 0.36928.029 ± 0.631) Bq/m3 in locations one (Rotate Salman) and eight (An area agricultural near high-voltage towers) respectively, with rate of (20.939 ± 0.541) Bq/m3. The specific activity of radium (Ra) dissolved during generate radon were ranging between (9.857 – 3.37) Bq.kg-1, with rate of (7.393) Bq.kg-1, surface emission of radon gas rate in the soil was found between (0.144 – 0.422 Bq/m2.h) with rate of (0.314 Bq/m2.h) and their mass emission of radon gas rate has the highest value of (0.016 Bq / kg . h) and lower value (0.005 Bq / kg . h) with rate of (0.012 Bq / kg . h. These results are within the acceptable limitthat recorded by UNECEAR and ICRP.

Determination of Radon Concentration and Annual Effective Dose Inside Houses in Left Side of Mosul City During Winter

In this study, radon concentration, annual effective dose, potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC), and average of lung cancer per million persons from radon were measured using (closed can technique) containing CR-39 nuclear track detector. Measurements were carried during winter season inside twenty four hoses in eight locations in the left side of Mosul City. The average radon concentration ranged between (52.97±5.315 to 74.98±5.433) Bq.m-3 with an average value (62.36±7.518) Bq.m-3 which is much lower than the recommended by ICRP action level (200-600) Bq.m-3. The results showed that the potential alpha energy concentration ranged between (5.71×10-3±0.566 ×10-3 to 8.11×10-3 ±0.586 ×10-3) WLM with an average value (6.7×10-3±0.820×10-3) WLM, while the annual effective dose ranged between (1.34±0.134 to 1.89±0.137) mSvy-1 with an average value (1.57±0.189) mSvy-1. It is observed that this value less than the recommended levels (3-10) mSvy-1 reported by ICRP. The average lung cancer cases per year per million persons were found to be 28.3±3.404, there were no induction of existence of radon problems in this survey

Study on alpha cup technique for monitoring of soil radon levels

Determination of radon concentrations in soil usually requires the accumulation of many measurements over a large area. In this study, an alpha cup technique that provides a cumulative result for adsorption of radon progeny over time was investigated. In addition, the performance of measurements were evaluated. To avoid the impacts of temperature and humidity, a new arithmetic correction was explored. Finally, we also investigated the effect of burial time of the alpha cup on soil radon measurements. Experiments showed that the alpha cup technique can satisfy the demands of soil radon measurements in efficiency, accuracy, reliability, and stability.

DETERMINATION OF RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN DWELLING IN ACEH

Abstract. Determination of radon concentrations in dwelling in Aceh region by using a passive method has been conducted. In this research, area considered was divided into several sections called grid. Each grid represents an area of 60 km x 60 km in which, depend on public response, 6-10 passive radon monitors were installed. The number of passive radon monitors installed in Aceh is 200 units, and they can be taken back as many as 191 units or 95.50 %. The passive radon monitors have stayed in dwelling for 3-4 months and after period of the exposure, those radon monitors were taken back and brought to laboratory for further process, and then the track were read and the radon concentrations were calculated. Furthermore, data of radon concentration in dwelling and GPS location were put into MapInfo Software v.10.5 to create a map of radon concentration. The results of the analysis of the radon concentration in dwelling in Aceh demonstrate that the concentrations are in the range of 3.32 ± 0.23 Bq/m3 up to 68.30 ± 4.83 Bq/m3. This result was lower than the radon reference level determined by UNSCEAR, which was 300 Bq/m3. The data are useful in the regional extension and development plans, as well as the basis for health policy analysis due to the existence of radon in Indonesia. Furthermore, these data will become the contribution of Indonesia in the international world through UNSCEAR, IAEA and WHO. The data obtained can be used as partial data in creating a map of radon concentration in residents’ houses in Aceh, as a part of the map of radon concentration in Indonesia. Keywords: radon concentration, dwelling, Aceh, passive methodREFERENSI UNSCEAR, 1996, Natural Radiation Exposures, Forty Fifth Session, VienaIAEA, 2005, Radiation, People and the Environment, Viena.Bunawas, Emlinarti, M. Affandi, 1996, Penentuan laju lepasan radon dari bahan bangunan menggunakan metode pasip dengan metode jejak nuklir, Prosiding PPIKRL, PSPKR-BATAN, 20-21 Agustus 1996, pp. 16-21.Sutarman, L. Nirwani, Emlinarti dan A. Warsona, 2005, Penentuan konsentrasi gas radon dan thoron menggunakan detektor film LR-115 di DKI Jakarta dan sekitarnya, Prosiding PPI–PDIPTN P3TM-BATAN, Jogjakarta, p. 212-221.M. Affandi, D. Iskandar, dan Bunawas, 1996, Radon di Kompleks Perumahan BATAN, Presiding PIKRL, PSPKR-BATAN, p. 262-265Wahyudi, Kusdiana and D. Iskandar, 2016, Mapping of Indoor Radon Concentration in Houses Located in South Sulawesi Province, 2nd International Conference on the SERIR2 14th Biennial Conference of the SPERA, Bali, CTRSM-BATAN, p. 35-38.E. Pudjadi, Wahyudi, A. Warsona and Syarbaini, 2016, Measurement of Indoor Radon-Thoron Concentration in Dwellings of Bali Island, Indonesia, 2nd International Conference on the SERIR2 14th Biennial Conference of the SPERA, Bali, CTRSM-BATAN, p. 186-192.M.H.Magalhães, et al., 2003. Radon-222 in Brazil: an outline of indoor and outdoor measurements. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 67(2), pp.131–143.F.S. Al-Saleh, 2007. Measurements of indoor gamma radiation and radon concentrations in dwellings of Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 65(7), pp.843–848.

Determination of Radon Concentration by Using CR-39 Plastic Track Detectors in Dwellings of Bingöl and Mus Provinces of Turkey

Determination of Radon Concentration by Using CR-39 Plastic Track Detectors in Dwellings of Bingöl and Mus Provinces of Turkey

Determination of radon concentration in drinking water of Taft Township and evaluation of the annual effective dose

Background : Radioacve substances are water chemical contaminants. In this study, the concentraon of radon was measured in drinking water supplies of Tavillages (part of Dehshir-Bafault located in central part of Iran) and also Shirkooh area with granite rocks (containing uranium). Materials and Methods : This cross seconal research was conducted in fall 2013 and winter 2014 on the sources of drinking water and also drinking water network of Ta� city of Yazd province. According to the measured radon levels; the annual effecve absorbed dose was also calculated . Results: Minimum and maximum levels of radon gas were related to sample number 54 (0.88 BqL -1 )

Determination of radon concentration in drinking water resources of villages nearby Lalehzar fault and evaluation the annual effective dose

The radon concentration has been measured in 44 drinking water resources, in villages nearby Lalehzar fault in winter 2014. Some samples showed a higher concentration of radon surpassing limit set by EPA. Further, a sample was taken from water distribution networks for these sources of water. Soluble radon concentration was measured by RAD7 device. Range radon concentration was 26.88 and 0.74 BqL−1 respectively. The maximum and minimum annual effective dose for adults was estimated at 52.7 and 2.29 µSvY−1, respectively. Reducing radon from water before use is recommended to improve public health.

Radon measurement in carbonated water with the Lucas cell and charcoal adsorption methods

There have been developed several different methods for measuring radon concentration in water which are now widely used, such as: liquid scintillation counting, Lucas cell counting, gamma and alpha spectroscopy. However, as far as the radon measurements in carbonated water are concerned, there are some issues caused by the gas excess. The aim of our work was to develop a simple method for measuring radon concentration in carbonated water that can be used for in situ measurements. Nevertheless, we propose not one, but two methods for measuring radon concentration in carbonated water. Thus, the first one is based on Lucas scintillation cells, and can be used for on-site measurements, while the second one utilizes activated charcoal adsorption, and needs a setup laboratory for gamma spectrometry measurements. For the evaluation of the methods, we compared the results of the Lucas cell-Luk3C method and of the activated charcoal method, both for non-carbonated and carbonated water. The simplest method for radon concentration determination—Lucas cell method—was successfully applied to fourteen natural carbonated water samples from Borsec to Bilbor area. The radon concentrations obtained ranged from 5.6 ± 0.5 to 39.6 ± 4.0 Bq/L, with a mean of 15.9 ± 2.6 Bq/L, these values are lower than 100 Bq/L, the maximum value recommended by the World Health Organization.

環境水中ラドン濃度測定法の改良

環境水中ラドン濃度測定法の改良