Determination Of Phenolic Content Research Articles

Inhibitory activity against α-amylase and glucose adsorption capacity of the aqueous decoctate of Chamaecrista nigricans (Vahl) Greene

Diabetes management involves preventing its risk factors. Inhibition of glucosidases and adsorption of excess free glucose are approaches to the prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, glucose adsorption capacity, and α-amylase inhibitory activity in vitro of the aqueous extract of Chamaecrista nigricans. Determination of phenolic compounds content was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the aluminum chloride method was used for total flavonoids one. The glucose oxidase peroxidase kit was used to determine the adsorption capacity of glucose while the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method was used to assess the inhibitory activity against α-amylase. Levels ranging from 33.87 ± 2.48 mg GAE/100 mg dry extract (DE) for total phenolic compounds and 1.98 ± 0.51 mg QE/100 mg DE for total flavonoids were observed. The adsorption capacity was correlated with the glucose concentration of the solution (r = 0.95) and was up to 36.61 μmol/g DE for a glucose concentration of 30 mM. The extract from the November collection was most active against α-amylase with IC50 = 0.17 mg DE/mL. Observations confirm the traditional use of this species as a preventive measure in recipes for the treatment of diabetes. This data provides a basis for future pharmaceutical prospecting.

Determination of bioactive compounds, phenolic contents, fatty acid and biogenic element profiles of the seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes

Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of sunflower seeds were determined to be between 99.64 (Kalamis) and 130.75 mg GAE/100g (Belfis) to 838.33 (Toramis) and 1455.67 mg QE/100g (LG50.480), respectively. Also, antioxidant activity values of sunflower seeds were recorded between 1.27 (Pioner mm54) and 1.73 mmol/kg (other varieties;except Bella). Quercetin and rutin amounts of sunflower seeds were identified to be between 1.18 (deray) and 28.72 mg/100g (Toramis) to 0.97 (İsida) and 6.98 mg/100g (Pioner MM54),respectively. The phenolic components found in the highest amounts in sunflower seeds were quercetin and rutin. Linoleic and oleic acid contents of the oils extracted from sunflower varieties were identified between 1.84 (Arsentik) and 69.56 % (Jais) to 15.72 % (Jais) and 90.95 % (Arsentik), respectively. Interestingly, the linoleic acid values of the "Aromatic" and "Arsentic" sunflower seed oils were found at the lowest concentrations, while the oleic acid results of the oils of these varieties were detected at the highest concentrations. The crude protein amounts of sunflower kernels changed between 18.82 (Pioner mm54) and 29.81 % (Belfis). P and K contents of sunflower seeds were recorded between 4908.24 (Pioner mm54) and 10561.27 mg/kg (Bella) to 4117.86 (Loris) and 6901.06 mg/kg (Deray), respectively.

Characterization of multilayer bacterial cellulose-chitosan films loaded with grape bagasse antioxidant extract: Insights into spectral and water properties, microstructure, and antioxidant activity

This work explores the development and characterization of composite multilayer films comprising bacterial cellulose (BC) and chitosan enriched with antioxidant compounds from grape bagasse extract (GE) and glycerol. SEM images revealed a compact structure with successful interactions between BC and chitosan, confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Equilibrium moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), swollen capacity, and solubility were systematically investigated, unveiling the influence of glycerol and GE concentrations. Moisture content increased with elevated glycerol and GE levels, attributed to their hydrophilic nature. WVP rose with higher concentrations of hydrophilic compounds, affecting the films' permeability. Swollen capacity decreased, and solubility increased with the addition of GE and glycerol, indicating a more compact film structure. The incorporation of GE conferred antioxidant properties to the films, as evidenced by DPPH and ABTS+ assays, and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) determination. TPC values varied from 0 to 1.75 mg GAE/g dried film, depending on GE. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) highlighted polymeric associations, and UV–Vis spectra demonstrated enhanced UV-blocking properties. Overall, these multilayer films offer promising applications in food packaging, leveraging natural antioxidant sources for an enhanced functionality.

Determination of phenolic content and bioactive characterization of Anatolian propolis

AbstractIn this study, propolis referred to as of Türkiye Anatolian propolis was utilized. This work was aim to prepare a 70% ethanolic extract of propolis and subsequently determine certain biochemical parameters, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), phenolic and flavonoid composition, inhibitory effects on certain enzymes [acetylcholinesterase (AChE), urease, and alpha-amylase], along with assessments of antiviral activity against Vero cells, lung cancer cells (A549), and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The richness of phenolic content in Anatolian propolis clearly indicates a high inhibitory effect on these enzymes. Additionally, it was observed to exert significant effects on cancer cells and demonstrated effective antiviral activity. It can be contemplated that the Anatolian propolis might serve as a potential source for novel drugs, and the isolation of its compounds could offer opportunities for utilization in traditional medicine.

Determination of Phenolic and Flavonoid Content in Ziziphus Jujuba Mill. Fruit Collected from Farah Province, Afghanistan

The fruit of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a member of the Rhamnaceous family, is a valuable exporting dry fruit of Afghanistan. The plant is found in some provinces of the country, but Farah province produces it more. The purposes of this study were to standardize the jujube fruit collected from Farah Province and to determine the amount of its phenolic and flavonoid contents. Jujube fruit (JFs22) was collected from medicinal plant sellers in Kabul. After identification and pharmacogenetic evaluation of JFs22, the amount of phenolic and flavonoid content in the fruit was determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The test sample was Ziziphus jujuba. The JFs22 had 10.27±0.532% foreign matter, 4.58±0.33% moisture, 1.97±0.09% total ash, 0.26±0.04% acid insoluble ash, 50.69±0.30% water soluble extractive content, and 24.93±0.59% methanolic extractive value. The JFs22 had flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic substances, saponin, and mucilage as its active ingredients. The total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents of the methanolic extract of JFs22 were 9.84±1.65 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 0.55±0.04 mg rutin equivalent (RE) in 3 grams of dry fruit weight, respectively. Although in most of the cases, the values obtained from the pharmacogenetic evaluation of JFs22 ​​were lower than the standard, nevertheless, they are within the standard range available in pharmacopeias, and this may be considered a good quality of tested jujube fruit and notice for paying much attention for its processing. The determination of TPC and TFC of JFs22 showed that the Farah province jujube fruit has many polyphenols.

Sesuvium Portulacastrum Potentiates Anticancer Activity by Facilitating the Expression of IRS-1/AKT Signalling: An In vitro Study

ABSTRACT Sesuvium portulacastrum, a coastal medicinal plant with traditional uses has shown promising biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, the mechanisms of action active ingredients of this plant have not been studied. Aim of the current study is to investigate the anticancer activity of Sesuvium portulacastrum using in vitro and in silico analysis. The in vitro assays included NO radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content determination. The data were analysed by one-way-ANOVA and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, steroids, terpenoids and phenols. Antioxidant activity of S. portulacastrum showed the dose dependent effect of nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. In silico analysis showed a better binding affinity with IR, IRS1 and Akt molecules which demonstrated the action of bioactive compound of S. portulacastrum against IRS-1/AKT signalling pathway.

In Vitro Determination of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Content of Various Natural Products (Bee and Herbal Products).

It is obvious that the oxidation process is an undeniable fact and when it comes to aging, one of the first solutions that come to mind is natural products. When it comes to natural products, both plants and bee products play an important, almost combative role against oxidation. For this purpose, natural products of both plant and animal origin were considered together in our study: Linden, green tea, aronia, wild grapes, myrtle, blueberries and basil, honey, pollen and propolis. Total phenolic content values of the extracts ranged between 49.28 and 3859.06 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, and propolis, green tea, chestnut flower and aronia samples were found to have the highest values. When looking at the NOS inhibition potential, it was determined that propolis, pollen and aronia samples had the highest percentage inhibition values of 98.11, 92.29, 83.44, respectively. Antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts were investigated using iron(III) reducing/antioxidant capacity (FRAP), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity test and NOS inhibition tests. The phenolic composition of methanolic extracts was tested using the RP-HPLC-UV (high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet) method with 19 phenolic standards.

Contribution of Phenolic Compounds to the Antioxidant Activity of Leaf and Flower Extracts of Sinapis pubescens L. subsp. pubescens (Brassicaceae).

Within a study focused on Sinapis pubescens subsp. pubescens wild from Sicily (Italy), an edible species still unexplored, our earlier published work has demonstrated good in vitro antioxidant properties for the flower and leaf hydroalcoholic extracts, exhibiting quite different qualitative-quantitative phenolic profiles. Herein, further research was designed to elucidate the role played by phenolic compounds in the different antioxidant mechanisms highlighted for the extracts. To achieve this goal, the crude extracts were subjected to liquid-liquid partitioning with solvents of increasing polarity; then, the fractions were investigated for their antioxidant properties using different in vitro assays. For both flowers and leaves, the ethyl acetate fractions exhibited the best activity in DPPH and reducing power assays, followed by n-butanol. The total phenolic content determination indicated these fractions as the phenolic-rich ones, which were characterized by HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS analysis. Conversely, the phenolic-rich fractions did not show any chelating activity, which was highlighted for the more hydrophobic ones.

Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity study of Adenia panduriformis in Zambia using UHPLC-MS/MS-MZmine3, GNPS, and METLIN Gen2

Diseases, especially degenerative illnesses, can be treated and avoided altogether, and good health can be enhanced by including health-promoting foods in the diet without side effects. Adenia panduriformis (Passifloraceae) is a wild vegetable consumed as part of the everyday diet in some communities in Zambia. The plant is also used in traditional medicine to effectively treat and manage many diseases, including degenerative diseases. Because of significant health benefits and medicinal attributes, this vegetable has very high merit to be investigated for its phytochemicals and bioactivities. Therefore, this study screened phytochemicals using qualitative chemical tests and Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS), identified metabolites using molecular networking tools and evaluated the total polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of the methanolic leaf extract of the vegetable. Solvent extraction by maceration recovered metabolites for screening by qualitative chemical tests, extraction by QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) was used to recover metabolites for screening by LCMS/MS, and tentative phytochemical constituents were identified using MZmine3, GNPS (global natural products social molecular networking) and METLIN. Total phenolic content (TPC) determination used the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method at 765 nm. Total flavonoid content (TFC) was evaluated using the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay at 510 nm. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay at 517 nm. Phytochemical screening by qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of many classes of phytocompounds, such as alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and saponins. TPC was determined to be 122.30 ± 2.00 mg GAE/g, and TFC was 60.17 ± 0.25 mg QE/g. Screening by LCMS/MS revealed the presence of many metabolites, of which 23 phytocompounds were identified using MZmine3, 42 by GNPS, and 21 by METLIN. The crude extract exhibited high DPPH free radical quenching activity with a relatively low IC50 value of 53.48 µg/mL compared to the reference standard ascorbic acid IC50 of 74.47 µg/mL. The significantly lower IC50 value for the wild vegetable than that of ascorbic acid indicates a considerably high efficiency of the metabolites in the vegetable as antioxidants. The presence of many metabolites with health-promoting properties and high antioxidant activity of the leaf extract of A. panduriformis may be the science behind its remarkable health benefits and power to treat and manage a variety of diseases, including degenerative illnesses. This study presents results that indicate the potential of A. panduriformis as a rich source of metabolites with brilliant health-promoting properties and high antioxidant activity, which may open exciting opportunities for further development in the fields of pharmacology and drug development.

Adaptation of the Folin-Ciocalteu and Fast Blue BB spectrophotometric methods to digital image analysis for the determination of total phenolic content: Reduction of reaction time, interferences and sample analysis

The Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method is the most common method used for total phenolic content (TPC) determination, but in recent years, a more specific method that does not detect non-phenolic reducing compounds has been developed, the Fast Blue BB (FBBB) assay. In this study, the reference spectrophotometric methods have been adapted to a rising, simple, fast and low-cost technique (Digital Image Analysis, (DIA)) based assay while studying if the reaction time of both methods could be reduced and applied for the determination of TPC in food samples. Moreover, the interaction of ascorbic acid (AA) and fructose (F), with both reagents, has been observed.Two linear methods were obtained by DIA with R2 values of 0.997 and 0.995, low detection limits (LOD), a precision and accuracy below 10%, and no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) with the spectrophotometer. The reaction times were 60 and 30 min for FC and FBBB, respectively. The FC method required lower concentrations of AA and F to observe interactions in contrast to the FBBB, which did not exhibit any interactions with F. DIA has successfully been applied with both methods on a variety of drink samples, with results ranging from 10 to 600 mg GAE/g sample.

The Latest Research on 3 (Three) Types of Sea Cucumber Extract from Tegal Mas Island, Lampung

Sea cucumbers are deep-sea-dwelling invertebrate animals that are rich in nutrients and have been empirically used to prevent various degenerative diseases, especially due to their ability to dampen free radicals. The purpose of this study was to identify, and determine antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and toxic properties in extracts of several sea cucumber species originating from Tegal Mas Island, Lampung. The identification results of the three sea cucumber species were Stichopus vastus Sluiter (SV), Stichopus monotuberculatus Quay & Gaimard (SM), and Stichopus quadrifasciatus Massin. (SQ). The extraction was performed by kinetic maceration against all parts of the sea cucumber using a 70% ethanol solvent. Antioxidant activity test using the DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrilhydrazyl) free radical suppression method and determination of the total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that SV had the highest total phenolics and antioxidants with the lowest toxicity. However, optimisation of extraction between wet and dry sea cucumbers is still required. Extraction optimisation with various solvents can also be done to gain secondary metabolites more effectively.

Phytochemical Screening, GC-MS Analysis and Total Phenolic Content Determination of Bioactive Compound of Propolis

India is a hub for a large variety of natural products that have proven their therapeutic efficacy in various ailments and disorders. Despite it, a lot of natural products are yet to be explored, and Indian propolis is one of them. Indian propolis is a waxy natural product obtained from beehives. In this research, phytochemical constituents present in Indian propolis were qualitatively analyzed using phytochemical screening, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and quantitatively using total phenolic content. Phytochemical screening results revealed the presence of total phenolic content, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, proteins, steroids, flavonoids, oils & resins supported by GC-MS results. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 different constituents having higher peak areas. Amongst these 17 bioactive compounds, oxirane, phenyl ethyl alcohol, caffeine, chrysene, riboflavin and 2-aminophenol were found to have higher peak areas of 5.78, 4.58, 4.46, 3.11, 2.65 and 2.56%, respectively. The results of total phenolic contents revealed the presence of 23 different constituents in different concentrations amongst ellagic acid, kaempferol, epicatechin, galangin, and quercetin were present in rich amounts 538.73, 402.34, 234.85, 121.95 and 95.3 μg/kg, respectively. These constituents are well known for their therapeutic efficacy, which is an indication for the exploration of the therapeutic efficacy of Indian propolis in the future.

Isolation and characterization of bioactive components from hydroalcoholic extract of Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. to evaluate its hepatoprotective activity

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. (Family: Poacea/Gramineae) is being used to treat numerous ailments in traditional/folklore and indigenous system of medicine due to its antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiparasitic, analgesic, antipyretic and anticancer activities; however there is no documented evidence regarding its hepatoprotective efficacy. AimThis study was aimed to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Cymbopogon jwarancusa (HECJ) against paracetamol (PCM) induced liver damage in albino Wistar rats, and to identify the bioactive components present in the extract responsible for the said activity. Materials and methodsFive groups of rats (n = 6) were orally treated with: 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (normal control), 50 mg/kg silymarin (reference standard), HECJ [515 mg/kg (low dose) and 720 mg/kg (high dose)] (test groups) for 7 days daily, followed by induction of hepato-toxicity using PCM (2 gm/kg) on 7th day (PCM control; reference standard; test groups). The blood samples to estimate the level of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and total protein; liver tissue homogenate for antioxidant markers (GSH, GST, GPx, and LPO) and liver section for histopathological analysis were collected. Isolation and characterization of phytochemicals from HECJ was done by preliminary screening, determination of phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid content, and GC-MS analysis. ResultsThe animals pre-treated with HECJ dose-dependently and significantly alleviated the PCM-induced alterations in liver enzymes, plasma proteins, serum total bilirubin and antioxidant markers levels. The histopathological analysis suggest that PCM causes marked necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration, while preservation of the normal hepatic architecture was observed in groups pre-treated with, reference standard drug silymarin, and HECJ. Preliminary screening of the extract, determination of phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid content, and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of some important bioactive components such as phenolics, flavonoids, glycoside, tannins, steroids, fatty acids, sterols, esters, saponins, terpenes/terpenoids and essential oil which could be synergistically responsible for the plant's hepatoprotective effect. ConclusionsThis study concluded that C. jwarancusa could be taken as a beneficial natural product for its hepatoprotective efficacy; however, future line of work is required to establish its precise mechanism of action.

Determination of polysaccharide and phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the crude extract from mycelial biomass of strain Tropicoporus linteus NTH-PL3

Tropicoporus (synonym Phellinus) mushroom is one of the precious medicinal mushrooms and has been proven to play a significant role in supporting health. However, studies on the Tropicoporus mushroom have only been carried out in our country within the last ten years, so the scientific data on this mushroom source is not really rich. This study aimed to add research data on molecular identification of strain NTH-PL3 collected in nature and determination of bioactive compounds, as well as antioxidant activity of the total extract from mycelium of Tropicoporus. Results of rDNA ITS sequence analysis showed that strain NTH-PL3 belongs to Tropicoporus linteus species with the highest similarity in ITS sequence of 99.87%. The total yield of bioactive compounds extracted from the mycelium using 75% methanol was 29.75±3.84%. In the crude bioactive extract, total polysaccharide content was 23.72±1.34 mg glucose/g and 18.54±1.87 mg gallic acid/g for phenolic. EC50 values for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferrous ion chelating ability of total crude bioactive extract from mycelium of Tropicoporuswere 268.54±3.89 and 411.65±10.87 μg/ml, respectively.

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Thrombolytic and Membrane Stabilizing Activities of Canna indica L. Leaves (Family: Cannaceae)

Canna indica L., a perennial plant known as Indian shot and African arrowroot, is a member of the family Cannaceae. Historically, this plant was used to treat menstrual cramps, diarrhea and dysentery. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities of the methanol extract of C. indica leaf and its organic soluble fractions. The DPPH free radical scavenging method and the total phenolic content determination were utilized to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, whereas the brine shrimp lethality bioassay was implemented to study the cytotoxic potential. The ability of the extractives to prevent the hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC) in response to the application of heat and hypotonic solutions was used to estimate of their membrane stabilizing potential. In all of these experiments, the methanolic leaf extract (ME) displayed moderate activity, while the petroleum ether soluble fraction (PSF) and the dichloromethane soluble fraction (DSF) demonstrated the most promising antioxidant and cytotoxic activities among the extractives. However, the strongest thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities were observed by the chloroform soluble fraction (CSF). Additional research may be necessary to determine which phytoconstituents are most likely to be responsible for the aforementioned qualities. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26(2): 162-166, 2023 (July)

PHYSIOCHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF Urtica dioica L. LEAVES GROWING IN ZAKHO, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ

The research aims to assess different pharmacognostic standards on the Urtica dioica L. leaves with the determination of the total phenol and flavonoid contents using different extracts. U. dioica L. is a species grown commonly in Kurdistan region, Iraq used among the population as a folklore medicine treating different diseases. These standards include; percentage value of extracts using different solvents, phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds, fluorescence analysis using different chemicals under UV and visible light, and physiochemical properties were performed for moisture content, total solid, total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, sulphated ash, crude fat and crude fibers. The percentage extracts yielded 22% and 20% of water and ethanol respectively while n- hexane had the lowest one (2%) using the Soxhlet extraction method. The screening of phytochemicals identified the presence of phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and terpenoids. The Kjeldahl method's protein assay revealed a high concentration of protein and the analysis of elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy shows the abundance of calcium, magnesium and iron among the six measured elements. Our findings revealed that U. dioica L. leaves are a good source of proteins, minerals, and exhibit a potential source of phytochemicals and these findings will be useful in the identification and development of pharmacopeial standards.

Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Padina boergesenii: Unveiling Its Prospects as a Promising Cosmetic Component.

Marine macroalgae, such as Padina boergesenii, are gaining recognition in the cosmetics industry as valuable sources of natural bioactive compounds. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical profile of P. boergesenii and evaluate its potential as a cosmetic ingredient. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight (HRLCMS QTOF) analyses were employed to assess the functional groups, phycocompounds, and beneficial compounds present in P. boergesenii. Pigment estimation, total phenol and protein content determination, DPPH antioxidant analysis, and tyrosinase inhibition assay were conducted to evaluate the extracts' ability to counteract oxidative stress and address hyperpigmentation concerns. Elemental composition and amino acid quantification were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and HRLCMS, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed diverse functional groups, including halo compounds, alcohols, esters, amines, and acids. GCMS analysis identified moisturizing, conditioning, and anti-aging compounds such as long-chain fatty alcohols, fatty esters, fatty acids, and hydrocarbon derivatives. HRLCMS QTOF analysis revealed phenolic compounds, fatty acid derivatives, peptides, terpenoids, and amino acids with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-nourishing properties. Elemental analysis indicated varying concentrations of elements, with silicon (Si) being the most abundant and copper (Cu) being the least abundant. The total phenol content was 86.50 µg/mL, suggesting the presence of antioxidants. The total protein content was 113.72 µg/mL, indicating nourishing and rejuvenating effects. The ethanolic extract exhibited an IC50 value of 36.75 μg/mL in the DPPH assay, indicating significant antioxidant activity. The methanolic extract showed an IC50 value of 42.784 μg/mL. Furthermore, P. boergesenii extracts demonstrated 62.14% inhibition of tyrosinase activity. This comprehensive analysis underscores the potential of P. boergesenii as an effective cosmetic ingredient for enhancing skin health. Given the increasing use of seaweed-based bioactive components in cosmetics, further exploration of P. boergesenii's potential in the cosmetics industry is warranted to leverage its valuable properties.

Phytochemical Screening, Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Algerian Chrysanthemum coronarium (L.) Extracts

The Algerian flora is rich in medicinal plants that are commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was designed to investigate phytochemical screening, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant properties of areal parts extracts from Chrysanthemum coronarium (L.) collected from Algiers region in the northeast of Algeria. The organic extracts of this plant were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using three different solvents, namely water, methanol and ethanol. The antioxidant capacity of areal parts extracts was measured using DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays. The results of our preliminary phytochemical analysis of C. coronarium (L.) areal parts showed the presence of major known family compounds like phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, quinones, steroids, proteins, alkaloids, quinones triterpenoids, reducing compounds, starch and mucilage with absence of glycosides. The methanolic extract analysis showed a higher yield extraction and the determination of phenolic contents showed a significant value of 208.50 ± 0.25 mg GAE/mg of extract in comparison with the ethanolic extract (164.785 ± 0.04 mg GAE/mg of extract) and aqueous extract (132.642 ± 0.38 mg GAE/mg of extract). Also, the determination of the flavonoid contents revealed that the methanolic extract contained the highest value (23.46 ± 0.08 mg CE/mg of extract) in comparison with the ethanolic extract (21.86 ± 0.17 mg CE/mg of extract) and aqueous extract (12.63 ± 0.32 CE/mg of extract). Concerning the antioxidant properties, interesting values were attained for the methanolic extract which exhibited higher antioxidant activity, namely IC50 = 4.72 ± 0.06 mg/L and IC50 = 2.49 ± 0.01 mg/L for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, whereas a value of 2.43 ± 0.02 mg/L was obtained for the reducing power assay. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of natural antioxidants.

PENETAPAN KADAR TOTAL FENOLIK-FLAVONOID EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% KULIT BATANG TANDUI (Mangifera rufocostata Kosterm.)

Tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kosterm.) is a species of the genus Mangifera which is known to contain phenolic and flavonoid compounds and is one of the plants used as an alternative medicine by the people of South Kalimantan. The purpose of this study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content of 70% ethanol extract of tandui bark. Qualitative analysis using phenolic and flavonoid phytochemical screening with 3% FeCl3, Mg-HCl reagents and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with spot appearance 10% FeCl3 for phenolic and 5% AlCl3 for flavonoid compounds. Quantitative analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, determination of total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with gallic acid standard solution, while determination of total flavonoid content using AlCl3 reagent with quercetin standard solution. The results of identification of phenolic and flavonoid compounds by phytochemical screening and TLC showed that 70% ethanol extract of tandui bark contained phenolic and flavonoid. The results of the determination of the total phenolic content using UV-Vis spectrophotometry were 471.3126 mgGAE/g or 47.1312%, while the total flavonoid content was 872.075 mgQE/g extract or 87.2075%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that 70% ethanol extract of tandui bark contains secondary metabolites in the form of phenolics and flavonoids which have potential as medicine.

In vitro Investigation on Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Assessments of Partially Purified Fractions of Cassia siamea and Butea monosperma: Indigenous Myanmar Medicinal Plant

This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potentials of fractions from Cassia siamea and Butea monosperma. The water, hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions of tested plants was determined their bioactivities by hemolysis, antiglycation, alpha-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibition, glucose uptake by yeast cells, DPPH radical scavenging, and total phenolic content determination assays. Non-hemolytic effects of all fractions were shown by < 20% on RBCs. The best inhibition activities for AGE formation of water and hexane fractions from C. siamea were shown in IC50 values (mg/mL) of 0.17 and 0.14, respectively. For B. monosperma, the EtOAc fraction exhibited the best inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 0.10 mg/mL. The water and ethyl acetate fractions of C. siamea strongly inhibited α-glucosidase, and their IC50 values were 0.16 mg/mL and 0.17 mg/mL, respectively. Ethyl acetate fractions of B. monosperma significantly inhibited α-glucosidase, with a respective IC50 value of 0.14 mg/mL. DPP-IV inhibitory activities for water, hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions of C. siamea revealed with IC50 values of 0.11, 0.09, and 0.18 mg/mL, respectively and those of B. monosperma were 0.23, 0.13, and 0.24 mg/mL, respectively. The glucose uptake effect observed in the water and ethyl acetate fractions of B. monosperma was better than that observed in the fractions of C. siamea at tested glucose concentrations (5-25 mM). In addition, all tested fractions were very active in antioxidant capacity. This study indicated that the water fraction of C. siamea and ethyl acetate fraction of B. monosperma exhibited the best antidiabetic potential with high antioxidant power.