Determination Of Oxygen In Steel Research Articles

鋼中の微量酸素分析に関する研究

For accurate analysis of oxygen below 10ppm in steel, application of oxygen compound reagents is investigated in the inert gas fusion method instead of ordinary standard steel samples.Oxygen to the reagents can completely be extracted by using a Sn plus Cu bath and a good linearity is obtained in the calibration curve.In order to confirm the recovery of oxygen in highly clean steels, standard steel samples were analyzed by employing the calibration curve derived from reagents. Without metal bath, oxygen in steels was not perfectly recovered, while the application of metal bath (Sr or Sn plus Cu) resulted in complete extraction. These results show that proper regents are applicable for the calibration and use of suitable metal bath is needed for the accurate determination of oxygen in steel, especially for the low level below 10ppm.

Non-aqueous Titrimetric Determination of Oxygen in Steel and Investigation of the Reference Material for Calibration of Commercial Instruments

Non-aqueous Titrimetric Determination of Oxygen in Steel and Investigation of the Reference Material for Calibration of Commercial Instruments

キャリヤーガス抽出-非水溶媒滴定法による鉄鋼中酸素の定量と装置校正用標準試薬の検討

キャリヤーガス抽出-非水溶媒滴定法による鉄鋼中酸素の定量と装置校正用標準試薬の検討

14MeV速中性子放射化分析法による酸素の定量

A method for the determination of oxygen in steel and other metals by the 16O (n, p) 16N reaction with 14MeV neutrons has been investigated. Parameters such as instrumental conditions, sample size, and interferences from other elements can be recognized and their effects are evaluated and experimentally controlled.The sample size is important to obtain a good precision and accuracy. For the industrial routine analysis a preference is given to cylindrical samples of diameter 12·5mm and thickness 10mm. In order to ensure a reliable pneumatic transport and minimize the error in counting, tolerances on the size must be kept within ± 0·2mm as strictly as possible.Interferences by B and F on the oxygen analysis are experimentally investigated. B and F of 0·1% correspond to oxygen of 70 and 420ppm, respectively.The long-term coefficient of variation for analysis of a given sample over a period of 10 days is 4 to 10%.The accuracy of this method is checked by comparison of the results with those of the vacuum fusion method. The agreement of the results obtained by the two methods is satisfactory.The determination of oxygen in various powder samples such as acid insoluble residue in steel and iron powder is also demonstrated with satisfactory results.

764. Comparative evaluation of methods for determination of oxygen in steels using instruments PVP and EA-1: N N Timoshenko et al, Zavodsk Lab, 37 (9), 1971, 1054–1055 in Russian)

764. Comparative evaluation of methods for determination of oxygen in steels using instruments PVP and EA-1: N N Timoshenko et al, Zavodsk Lab, 37 (9), 1971, 1054–1055 in Russian)

On the precision of oxygen determinations in steel by 14-MeVv neutron activation

The precision of the 14-MeV neutron activation determination of oxygen in steel has been examined as a function of the oxygen content for a large number of steel and cast iron samples. The experimental and the statistically expected standard deviations have been compared. In the conditions used, 2.5 counts from 16N were registered for each p.p.m. of oxygen in the samples. The neutron flux was monitored by a simultaneously irradiated oxygen standard.

L'automatisation en analyse par activation neutronique et ses applications a la production industrielle

Reasons are given for the applications of activation analysis being generally confined to laboratory use. Conditions are given for application of analytical methods to industrial process control, in particular for automatic determination of oxygen in steels.

An oxygen standard for the determination of oxygen in steel by 14-MeV neutron activation analysis

A relative method for the determination of oxygen in steel via the 16O(n,p) 16N reaction by means of 14-MeV neutrons is described. A standard is irradiated immediately behind the sample and the induced activities are counted simultaneously with two separate but identical detector systems. The standard mixture ( ca. 5 g of graphite plus iron oxide containing 80 mg of oxygen per g) is compressed into a steel capsule of the same external dimensions as the samples (26 mm diameter, 9 mm thick). Dimensional tolerances, choice and purity control of the oxygen compound and preparation of the standard mixture are discussed. Fast neutron shielding, absorption of fast neutrons, self-absorption of the 16N /gg-rays and the average neutron flux in sample and standards are considered and a total correction factor is established. Flux inhomogeneities and differences in counting geometry and discriminator setting can be determined by irradiation and counting of two identical standards. The accuracy of this method was checked by comparison of the results with those of the reducing fusion method; satisfactory agreement was observed, although the activation results tended to be slightly higher. The mean long-term standard deviation for analysis of a given sample over a period of 6 months was found to be ±3%.

Emission spectrometric determination of the gaseous elements in metals—IX. Direct-reading determination of oxygen in steels

The d.c. carbon-are extraction technique for the emission spectrometric determination of the gaseous element content of metals has been adapted to the direct-reading determination of oxygen in high and low alloy steels. A near-infrared sensitive phototube (EMI 9558B), having a low dark current, is used as the detector. The O 7772 Å line is isolated with a small, 0·5 meter, table-model spectrometer and a group of argon lines near 7635 Å is selected by an interference filter and used as the internal standard. The method has been applied to high and low-alloy steels having oxygen concentrations ranging between 0·0048 and 0·085 wt.%. Over a period of 1 month the analytical results showed a coefficient of variation of 5·6%.

An automatic spectrographic method for the determination of oxygen in steel

A device for the determination of oxygen in steel (20–200 mg samples) is described. A high temperature hollow-cathode discharge is used to melt the sample and excite the atomic spectrum of oxygen. A compact grating monochromator fitted with two red-sensitive photomultipliers is used to record the difference in integrated intensity between the oxygen multiplet at 7772 5 A and the adjacent background during a fixed integration period, the corresponding voltage difference being presented on a digital voltmeter linked to an automatic print-out. The automatic cycle of operations takes 2.5 min per sample. The sensitivity of the technique is 1 μg 0. The coefficient of variation per determination varies from 6 to 15% depending upon the homogeneity of the sample.

The determination of oxygen in steel

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Determination of oxygen in steels by an isotope dilution method

Determination of oxygen in steels by an isotope dilution method

An Automatic Device for the Determination of Oxygen in Steel

IN recent years there has been a considerable interest in analytical methods for the determination of gases in metals, and there are numerous techniques available for this purpose, for example, vacuum fusion and hot-extraction methods; systems involving the 16O(n p)16N reaction, and others dependent on the liberation of the gases by means of a d.c. arc followed by gas chromatographic or spectrographic measurements.

直流弧光法による鉄鋼中の酸素分光分析

直流弧光法による鉄鋼中の酸素分光分析

Evaluation of Inert Gas Fusion Method for Rapid Determination of Oxygen in Steel

The inert gas fusion method has been improved and evaluated for use as a rapid method of determining oxygen in steel samples. The method has been tested by comparison with the vacuum fusion method on a variety of steels. It permits a determination of oxygen in most steels in 7 minutes or less. Most of the advantages of vacuum fusion are retained in the method, yet a considerable simplification in apparatus and its operation is gained. The analyses are in agreement with those obtained by vacuum fusion. (auth)

New Development in the Application of a Hollow Cathode Discharge Tube Designed for the Quantitative Determination of Oxygen in Metals

In a paper read before the Third National Meeting of Science in Belgium, in summer 1950, and later in a paper presented to the meeting of the G.A.M.S. in Strasbourg in October of the same year, the author reported a new spectroanalytical method of determination of oxygen in steel. This method which makes use of a hollow cathode discharge both to bring the specimen to a variable high temperature and to excite its spectrum, was developed in collaboration with I. Ottelet in the spectroscopic laboratory of our Institute under contract with the Belgium Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques. - We wish to express here our gratitude to this organization and to its director Dr. P. Coheur both for financial aid and for their comprehensive cooperation.

Determination of Oxygen in Steel by Vacuum Fusion Method

Determination of Oxygen in Steel by Vacuum Fusion Method

炭素螺旋式眞空熔融爐に依る鋼中酸素定量方法の精密度に就て

The determination of oxygen in steel is highly important for the study of steel making reactions, and the most appropriate, means of determination is the vacuum-fus on method.Among several types of vacuum-fusion furnaces the authors adopted a carbon-spiral-furnace which was not so expensive, and examined the accuracy of our apparatus. The results was satisfactory as follows:The graphite crucible is heated and degassed at 2000-2100°C for 2·5-3 hours till the pressure in the furnace becomes the order of 10-4mm Hg. When the temperature is lowered to the experimental temperature of 1600-1700°C, the pressure in the furnace reaches the order of 10-5mm Hg, and shows the blank value of 0·10-0·05cc CO/15mn at room temperature By the use of the present earbon-spiral furnace, the 98% oxygen inclusion of the pure Fe2O3 powder and the 97% of the pure SiO2 powder may be extracted.

Rapid determination of oxygen in steel

Rapid determination of oxygen in steel

Hydrogen-reduction method for the determination of oxygen in steel

Hydrogen-reduction method for the determination of oxygen in steel