Determination Of Land Research Articles

Using A Study of the Social Challenges of Urbanization in the Next 30 Years based on Age Transition and Comprehensive Plans for Iranian Cities: The Case of Hamedan City

An examination of population growth in Iran during the past three decades shows that the sharp increase in the rate of birth in the 1980s significantly expanded the base of the age pyramid of the Iranian population in that decade. Throughout time, this expanded surface has gradually transitioned to the higher levels of the pyramid and has now reached the age group of 25-29 and will soon reach the age group of 20-24, two age groups that form 1/4 of Iran’s population. Considering this and the expansion of urbanization in recent years, elderly citizens will constitute a large part of Iran’s urban population in the next 30 years. An urban elderly population has special needs and requires special social spaces. But a closer look at the comprehensive plans proposed for Iranian cities, which often have been prepared with the next 20 years in mind, shows that most of the government’s policies and plans in cities involve the needs of the younger generation. In other words, the current status of Iranian cities and the proposed plans will not meet the needs of the elderly in the coming decades. Using documentary research and analysis of the contemporary structural maps of Hamedan City, this study examined the urbanization challenges resulting from age transition in 2041 to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) efficient requirements in quality-of-life. The findings indicate that Hamedan’s current form and its urban development plans have fundamental flaws because of inattention to the phenomenon of age transition based on United Nations (UN) policies in the determination of land uses and accessibility to public spaces for elderly citizens and this creates social challenges in the city.

Implementasi Penetapan Nilai Jual Objek Pajak pada Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Kabupaten Banjar Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

The determination of the NJOP is based on the assessment of the land and property/buildings carried out by the Regional Government. The purpose of this research is to find out how to determine the selling value of tax objects and their implications for land and building tax revenues in Banjar Regency. The method in this research is descriptive. This research was conducted in the working area of Kertak Hanyar and Gambut Districts. The data collection technique used in this research is a field study. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive quantitative data analysis. The results of this study are that Banjar Regency determines the selling value of the tax object of each taxpayer differently according to the location and condition of the tax object, namely land and buildings. Such as the determination of NJOP in Kertak Hanyar and Gambut Districts, where these two sub-districts are one of the largest contributors to income sourced from PBB Taxes because they are developed sub-districts which are dominated by housing, trade, services, and industry activities. There is a lot of land conversion from agricultural land to other land functions such as housing, business, industry, and services. The determination of land and building NJOP is still an NJOP determination adopted from KPP Pratama since the transfer of Land and Building Tax for Rural and Urban sectors from central tax to local tax on January 1, 2014, until now. UN revenues that have the highest potential are in Kertak Hanyar and Gambut Districts. Local governments must assess and reprocess data, especially between the selling value of tax objects (NJOP) and selling prices that occur in the community, and update PBB objects from previous data, such as non-taxable tax objects (public facilities) so that the determination of NJOP become more relevant. Local governments need to re-establish NJOP for data that has not been subject to PBB, or updating existing data will increase the selling value of tax objects that are the basis for imposing PBB.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Kesesuaian Lahan Tanaman Padi Menggunakan Metode AHP dan SAW

Rice is one of the staple foods for most of the world's population. However, in planting rice, there are several things that must be considered, namely the aspect of land suitability. Errors in land determination can cause crop failure which results in reduced rice production. This system was built based on the website using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to calculate the weight of the criteria and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to determine the selection of land suitability for rice plants. In determining the suitability of paddy fields using 5 criteria, namely soil type, soil pH, rainfall, temperature, and irrigation waters. The purpose of this research is to assist farmers/farmer groups in selecting land. The results of this study indicate that the AHP and SAW methods have been successfully applied in the system with the results of land recommendations in the Sungai Kunjang sub-district with a preference value of 0,989.

Forest cover trend analysis using MODIS time series and its climatic responses in the Mari El Republic of Russia

This study assesses whether MODIS NDVI satellite data time series can be used to detect changes in forest phenology over the different forest types of the Mari El Republic of Russia. Due to the severe climatic conditions, coniferous and deciduous forests of this region are especially vulnerable to climate change, which can lead to stresses from droughts and increase the frequency of wild fires in the long term. Time series analysis was applied to 16-day composite MODIS (MOD13Q1) (250 m) satellite data records (2000-2020) for the investigated territory, based on understanding that the NDVI trend vectors would enable detection of phenological changes in forest cover. There was also the determination of land cover/land use change for the area and examination of meteorological data for the investigated period. For the study, we utilized four phenological metrics: start of season (SOS), end of season (EOS), length of season (LOS), and Maximum vegetation index (MVI). The NDVI MODIS data series were smoothed in the TimeSAT software using the Savitsky-Golay filter. The results of the study show that over the 20-years period variations in phenological metrics do not have a significant impact on the productivity and growth of forest ecosystems in the Mari El Republic.

THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT IN THE PROTECTION OF COMMUNITY LAND ON GREEN-ZONE

Land rights are one of the rights of life of the community. This right should have been protected by the state as the implementation of Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution that the earth and natural wealth in it are protected by the state and used for the people's prosperity. This right is violated by the determination of land owned by the people declared in the green zone so that its use and allocation is limited by the government. On the other hand, when the land will be used in the framework of government planning, the status of the land will change according to the interests of the government. This phenomenon illustrates that the law that should support the state to give a sense of justice to the people on the contrary makes people's rights not fulfilled. The aim to be achieved in this study is to analyze the role of the government in protecting community land rights in the green zone. This research is normative legal research. Based on the research, it was concluded that community welfare and community justice were not well accommodated by the government regarding land in the green zone because there was a lack of clear arrangements regarding the ability to transfer the land.

Diffuse urban sprawl in intermediate cities. Simulation of the expansión process in the city of Temuco, Chile

Urbanization advances vertiginously and its impacts are visible beyond metropolitan spaces. In this context, urban sprawl simulation methodologies become relevant to understand and add to future urban growth scenarios. In this work, the case of the city of Temuco in the La Araucania Region is analyzed, using the following tools: Markov chains; Cellular Automaton; Multicriteria-Multi-objective Assessment; and the determination of land usage/cover using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Based on the above, the urban scenario was determined for 2049 from the spatial patterns of the area under study, since 1985. The model shows a trend to a peripheral and diffuse sprawl towards the north of the city and a strong development towards the western sector in the Labranza neighborhood. That is to say, the first sector is projected as a possible node of expansion, and the second, as one of consolidation. It is concluded that both zones require pertinent updated urban planning instruments, which the city has not had until now.

Land Rights and Improvement Investments Among Crop Farmers in Southwest, Nigeria

This study examined the effects of land rights on investment decisions of farmers and determinants of land rights as well as the impact of land rights on farm productivity in Southwest Nigeria. Multistage sampling process was used in the selection of 320 respondents for the study. Two-stage conditional maximum likelihood (2SCML) approach of multivariate probit regression model and Endogenous switching regression (ESR) model were used for the analysis of the collected data. The results of Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) estimates from ESR revealed that land rights increase farm productivity. This study further confirmed the importance of land rights in facilitating investment in soil-improving measures which subsequently leads to higher productivity. One of the policy implications emanating from this study suggests that having use and transfer rights as against use only rights goes a long way in enhancing investment in soil-improving or conservation measures.
 Keywords: Crop, Investment, Land, Multivariate Probit Regression Model, Rights, Two-stage Conditional Maximum Likelihood.

Urban Growth, Real Estate Development and Indigenous Property: Simulating the Expansion Process in the City of Temuco, Chile

Urbanization is spreading across the world and beyond metropolitan areas. Medium-sized cities have also undergone processes of accelerated urban expansion, especially in Latin America, thanks to scant regulation or a complete lack thereof. Thus, understanding urban growth in the past and simulating it in the future has become a tool to raise its visibility and challenge territorial planners. In this work, we use Markov chains, cellular automata, multi-criteria multi-objective evaluation, and the determination of land use/land cover (LULC) to model the urban growth of the city of Temuco, Chile, a paradigmatic case because it has experienced powerful growth, where real estate development pressures coexist with a high natural value and the presence of indigenous communities. The urban scenario is determined for the years 2033 and 2049 based on the spatial patterns between 1985 and 2017, where the model shows the trend of expansion toward the northeast and significant development in the western sector of the city, making them two potential centers of expansion and conflict in the future given the heavy pressure on lands that are indigenous property and have a high natural value, aspects that need to be incorporated into future territorial planning instruments.

Urban land use planning in Ghana: Navigating complex coalescence of land ownership and administration

Global literature reporting on land governance indicates considerable differences between land ownership and land administration. Yet, in many Sub-Saharan African countries, particularly Ghana, this relationship is blurred in complex land governance regimes. An understanding of this relationship in Ghana’s customary land sector – the dominant land ownership type – is critical in advancing urban land use planning and promoting effective urban management in this era of rapid urbanisation across Africa. Unfortunately, little is known about this relationship in the context of land use planning. Using Kumasi, a rapidly growing city in Ghana as a case study, the purpose of this paper is threefold: (i) to discuss the relationship between customary land ownership and administration in the context of land use planning, (ii) to explore institutional perspectives on sustainable land use planning; and (iii) to examine the implications of customary land ownership and administration on sustainable land use planning. Using a review of relevant land use planning documents on Ghana, and interviews with four urban planning agencies and four customary land owners (chiefs/traditional leaders) in Kumasi, findings indicate a demonstration of an unclear nature of legislative planning framework and a lack of focus on customary land ownership and administration system in urban land use planning. Despite planning laws (e.g., zoning guidelines) emphasising separation of ownership from administration, findings indicate no distinction between customary land ownership and land administration as the traditional leaders (the owners) administer the land via determination of land uses, arbitration of land disputes, and location determination of important community infrastructure and services. Evidence of repetitive and cumbersome nature of land administration by traditional owners and government planning agencies, weak agency framework and coordination challenges has contributed to limited progress of sustainable land use planning in the city.

Local Wisdom of The Agriculture System in Tukang Besi Islands Community (Case Study at Wangi-Wangi Island Wakatobi Regency)

Local wisdom of the community in the agricultural system gains a large number of interests in the field of research because of its ties to the aspects of ecology, economy, and socio-culture. This study aims to analyze Tukang Besi islands community's local wisdom and its role in sustainable agriculture systems. This research was conducted from May to December 2018. The data was collected through orientation, exploratory, and confirmative studies, thus analyzed in qualitative descriptive method by describing local wisdom and its role in sustainable agricultural system. The results showed that agriculture is a way of life for the community in Wangi-Wangi Island. The practice of agronomic local wisdom in cassava cultivation is ecologically, economically, socially and culturally appropriate. Local wisdom is practiced starting from the selection and determination of land, land clearing, planting, maintenance and harvesting. Local wisdom of the Wangi-Wangi Island community in a sustainable agricultural system has three roles: 1) ecologically by maintaining the preservation of land resources through conservation in the welli'a and rawu'a systems by integrating plant diversity, mulching, and fallowing; 2) economically by maintaining the sources of life such as food reserves and alternative sources of income through the collection of forest and marine products, and 3) socially by maintaining a socio-cultural system in harmonious relations between the Sara and the community and by maintaining the stability of production.

Determinants of Land Use/Cover Change in the Iberian Peninsula (1990–2012) at Municipal Level

This work analyzes the determinants associated with main land use/cover changes in the Iberian Peninsula during the 1990–2012 period using a decision tree model. Our main objective is to identify broad-scale patterns that associate the characteristics of geographic areas with the dominant land use/cover change process based on CORINE Land Cover (Coordination of Information on the Environment) and defined in a previously published work. Biophysical, structural and socioeconomic variables were considered as potentially explanatory of the dominant change process at municipal scale. The resulting model allowed identification of a common pattern in Portugal and Spain (urbanization being highly associated to areas already densely populated in the previous period), but also some diverging ones. In particular, dominant trends in Portuguese territory appear to be highly determined by wildfire occurrence. In contrast, Spanish municipalities showed more diverse patterns, usually associated to biophysical determinants like average forest productivity or average terrain slope.

Identification of Agricultural Activities and Soil Fertility in the Cultivation Area of Nuabosi Cassava

<p>The low soil fertility is one of the causes of the reduction in cassava production in the Nuabosi area of Ende Regency. Therefore it is necessary to identify soil fertility and farmer activities on the land. This research used survey system by takes soil samples and farmers from ten fields in five villages, namely Ndetundora I, Ndetundora II, Ndetundora III, Embuteru and Randotonda. Determination of land were used purposive sampling method. Whereas farmer activity data is obtained by interviewing farmers whose land is used as land sampling. Variables observed were physical and chemical soil properties. The results of the analysis of agricultural activities can be described using existing theories. While the analysis results of the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be described using chemical criteria and soil fertility from the Bogor soil research center. The results of interviews and direct observations in the field showed that Nuabosi cassava farmers did not only plant cassava but also used conservative agricultural on their land. The physical properties of the soil analyzed showed that the soil was suitable for cassava plants. Based on soil fertility criteria, these lands have a limiting factor for C-Organic.</p>

Determinants of Land and Labour Market Participation Decisions in Rural Ethiopia

This paper attempts to determine the factors influencing farmers' land and labour market participation decisions in rural Ethiopia. A multivariate probit estimation technique is used to account for potential interdependencies between land and labour allocation strategies. Results suggest that households that are better endowed with farming resources such as oxen and farming skills are more likely to get access to more land and labour through factor markets, while households that are less endowed with these resources are more likely to rent out their land and participate in off-farm jobs. The complementary nature of land renting out and involvement in off-farm work suggests that policy makers should give due consideration to the development of rural off-farm jobs to reduce poverty in rural areas.

Determinants of land take at the regional scale: a study concerning Sardinia (Italy)

In its “Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe” (Communication COM(2011) 571 of 20 September 2011), the European Commission (EC) established an ambitious goal for the European Union (EU), that of achieving no land take by 2050; towards this aim, a key milestone for the year 2020 was set, by stating that European policies in the programming period 2014–2020 ought to consider both their direct and their indirect impacts on land use in the EU.Within this framework, this paper builds upon the findings of a previous paper (Zoppi and Lai, 2014), in which we estimated the magnitude of land take over a short period of time (2003–2008) in Sardinia, an Italian NUTS2 region, and we assessed whether and how land take is related to a set of variables that are regarded as important determinants in the literature, such as parcel size, accessibility, and proximity to main cities and towns, to the coastline, or to protected areas.In this paper we study the land-taking process taking Sardinia as a case study, in two larger time periods, 1960–1990 and 1990–2008. We assess if, and to what extent, these factors reveal similar, or different, effects in the two periods, and try to identify consistencies concerning the determinants of land take.

Women and the vote: a world history

Introduction 1. Democracy before Democracy 2. The Rights of Man 3. Early British Radicals 4. Rise of the Middle Class Campaigner 5. New Found Rights in New Found Lands 6. 'In with our women' in the Western US 7. Out of the Doll's House in Scandinavia 8. Lobbyists to Militants in Britain 9. Victory and Disenfranchisement in the US 10. Who Won Votes from the War? 11. The Pope and the Vote - Catholic Europe 12. Latin American Mothers of the Nation 13. The Enfranchisement of the East 14. Africa and the Cold War 15. The Veiled Vote Conclusion Appendix 1: The Strange Case of Switzerland Appendix 2: Chronology of Women's Suffrage Notes Bibliography Index

Exploring Atlantic Transitions: Archaeologies of Transience and Permanence in New Found Lands, edited by Peter E. Pope and Shannon Lewis-Simpson

Exploring Atlantic Transitions: Archaeologies of Transience and Permanence in New Found Lands, edited by Peter E. Pope and Shannon Lewis-Simpson. Woodbridge, The Boydell Press, 2013. xxii, 353 pp. $50.00 US (cloth). In the preface to Exploring Atlantic Transitions: Archaeologies of Transience and Permanence in New Found Lands, Peter Pope observes that post-medieval archaeologists are no longer wedded to interpreting artifacts of European origin found in North American sites as indicative of embryonic colonies. This reconceptualization of Europeans' objectives overseas engenders new ways of understanding archeological artifacts in time and place. Sarah Newstead, for example, shows that Portuguese redware constituted 13-24% of all pottery sherds found at sites of English occupation in Newfoundland, with higher percentages at sites of seasonal occupation and lower at sites of colonial settlement. The length of residence in Newfoundland influenced transatlantic connections and consumption patterns. This rich collection of thirty-one essays originated with the 2010 meeting of the Society of Post-Medieval Archaeology held at Memorial University to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the founding of Cupid's Cove, Newfoundland, the first permanent English settlement in what became Canada. Although topics range from late tenth-century Russia settlement north of Novgorod to the environmental impact of forest clearance in nineteenth-century British Columbia, two-thirds of all the articles are about areas of eastern Canada, and all are conceptually relevant to understanding the movement of people and goods in the early modem Atlantic world and how Europeans projected power. This collection is particularly important for the way it highlights the diversity of economic enterprises and ethnic groups across the entire North Atlantic world and offers new perspectives on relations among trade, resource extraction, and colonization. The earliest era covered is the late Middle Ages, when Europeans pushed northward within Europe. The essays by Mark Brisbane, David Gaimster, and Natascha Mehler and Mark Gardiner challenge us to consider the social and political impulses driving commercial and settlement expansion to remote places, the agents behind expansion, and its relevance for how Europeans projected control into the Americas. In a provocative essay, Peter Pope asks why in the early seventeenth century there was an efflorescence of settlement activity in the northern parts of North America. He suggests that a consumer revolution among the English and Dutch made utilitarian household items affordable for people of middling means, a suite of innovations that included metal and ceramic utensils and containers, and knitted woolen clothing. These commodities, Pope argues, made overwintering in North America more viable. In an evocative essay on the commodities exported from Portugal to Newfoundland in the seventeenth century, Tania Manuel Casimiro provides evidence of foods, such as olives, chestnuts and almonds, raisins and prunes, oranges and lemons that would have provided critical nutritional supplements to the diets of both seasonal labourers and overwinterers. Indeed, those food items probably helped to check the scurvy that Steven Pendery and Hannah Koon describe as such a scourge on early attempts at colonization. The combination of essays results in a repeated contextualization of early settlements in Newfoundland with activities elsewhere in the Atlantic world. Four essays address the Calverts and their legacies in Newfoundland, Maryland, and Ireland. …

Determination of Land Use/Cover Changes and Land Use Potentials of Sivas City and its Surroundings Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS)

Land cover/use change information is a very important and useful source for planners in land use studies. Moreover, determination of land use potential by considering capability of the land and other characteristics provides an important data source for regional planning studies. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are widely used for this purpose. This study aims to determine land use/cover changes in the Sivas city and its surroundings using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, and to create the land use potential map that shows the optimal land usage of the study area. Landsat satellite images from 1987 and 2002 were used to determine the changes and to follow the development of residential areas in the Sivas city. By revealing the existing environmental characteristics of the study area (topography, geology, soil, climate, hydrology), optimal land usage (settlement, agriculture, forest and meadow-range) was determined according to the data. The land use potential map of the study area was created using suitability maps for the optimal land usages. By assessing the land use/cover change information and optimal land usage together, it was determined that the city was developed in the northeast, south and southwest direction. The settlements were founded on the most appropriate areas from the agricultural point. As a result, suggestions for the appropriate land use in the Sivas city and surroundings were made for the future.

Determination of Land and Marine Containment Sites of Oil Spills from Crude Oil Pipelines

Containment sites are the most important locations for recovering spilled oil on land and marine environments. Analyses for determining of containment sites for crude oil pipelines are explained in detail. Necessary information for designing land and marine containment sites is introduced. The necessary databases for efficient response are also mentioned. The paper is guidance for planners who will design oil spill response plans.

Exploring Atlantic Transitions: Archaeologies of Transience and Permanence in New Found Lands. Edited by Peter E.Pope, with ShannonLewis‐Simpson. Boydell and Brewer. 2013. xix + 349pp. £30.00.

Exploring Atlantic Transitions: Archaeologies of Transience and Permanence in New Found Lands. Edited by Peter E.Pope, with ShannonLewis‐Simpson. Boydell and Brewer. 2013. xix + 349pp. £30.00.

Identification of New World aquatic invertebrate illustrations in The Drake Manuscript

Images of aquatic invertebrates are included in a late 16th-century work, Historie Naturelle des Indes, also known as The Drake Manuscript. While the renderings are often whimsical and exaggerated, they nonetheless appear to be based on direct observations. We sought to identify these aquatic invertebrates and explore their early history. Most were identifiable to species based on the renderings and captions. Images of horseshoe crab were also found in Brief and True Report of the Found Land of Virginia (1590), which contains etchings derived from watercolours by John White. We speculate that renderings of horseshoe crab in The Drake Manuscript may have descended from a lost detailed watercolour by John White in connection with his voyages to Roanoke rather than being based on direct observations. Finally, the freshwater unionoid mussel illustration appears to be the oldest known depiction of mantle lures unique to some species in this taxon.