Determination Of Fenvalerate Research Articles

Assessment of Fenvalerate in Water, Soil and Vegetable Samples

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric scheme was described for the determination of fenvalerate in environmental samples. The scheme was based on the hydrolysis of 1 N of 5 mL NaOH to form cyanohydrin. The cyanohydrin is reacted with bromine and pyridine to form glutaconic aldehyde, which is then coupled with p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to give yellow dye having maximum absorbance at 440 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.6- 6.2 µg in a nal solution volume of 25 mL. The molar absorptivity of the colored system is 3.84×104 L mol-1cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity is 2.4×10-3 µg cm-2. The reproducibility assessed by carrying out seven days replicate analysis of a solution containing 0.6 µg of fenvalerate in a nal solution volume of 25 mL. The standard deviation and relative standard deviation for the absorbance value were found to be ± 3.4×10-3 and 1.5% respectively. The proposed scheme is sensitive and free from the interference of other toxicants. The analytical parameters were optimized and the scheme was applied to the determination of fenvalerate in environmental samples.

A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Selective Extraction and Determination of Fenvalerate from Food Samples Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) was prepared using fenvalerate (FEN) as template and pyrrole as monomer. For comparison, non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was synthesized in the absence of FEN. A molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) procedures were performed in column method by florescence detection technique. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis using a C18 column (300 mm × 3.9 mm, 5 μm), acetonitrile/water (1:1 v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1 was applied for the quantitative determination. The parameters that affect the efficiency of method were thoroughly investigated. The measurements were done under the optimal conditions. The influence of desorption solvent, amount of sorbent, pH, and ionic strength were investigated. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of method were obtained as 0.19 and 0.63 ng g−1, respectively. The relative standard deviation of standard solution (RSD%) was obtained 4.07 %. The application of method to separation and preconcentration of FEN in food samples were examined. The minimum and maximum recovery (%) through the spiking 50 ng of FEN per gram of samples was obtained as 85.30 and 96.50, respectively.

Determination of Fenvalerate in Tomato by Ultrasound-Assisted Solvent Extraction Combined with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UASE) combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) has been developed for extraction and determination of fenvalerate from tomato samples. Fenvalerate was determined by high-performance liquid-liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector. Effects of parameters such as type and volume of extraction solvent in the UASE stage, sonication time, type and volume of extraction solvent and disperser solvent in the DLLME-SFO stage, salt addition and pH effect on extraction were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 5-500 µg kg(-1) with a detection limit of 0.6 µg kg(-1). The relative standard deviation for five replicate measurements of 100 µg kg(-1) of fenvalerate was 6.5%. The relative recovery of fenvalerate in different tomato samples at a spiking level of 10, 20 and 50 µg kg(-1) is in the range of 93.5-108%. The obtained results show that UASE-DLLME-SFO is a sensitive, fast and simple method for the determination of fenvalerate in tomato samples.

Analysis of fenvalerate in its formulations and environmental samples using spectrophotometry

Two rapid, simple, sensitive, and nonextractive spectrophotometric methods were described for the determination of fenvalerate (syntheitic pyrethroid) in its formulations, water and grain samples. The methods are based on the hydrolysis of fenvalerate with methanolic NaOH to form 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde. The resultant aldehyde group was condensed with 4-aminoantipyrine in the basic medium to form a red product having λmax at 489 nm or condensed with4,4′-methylene-bis-m-nitroaniline to form a plae red product with an absorption maximum of 513 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed over the range 0.6–10 μg/mL (molar absorptivity 2.184 × 104 L/mol cm) for 4-aminoantityrine and over the range of 1–12 μg/mL (molar absorptivity 4.162 × 104 L/mol cm) for 4,4′-methylene-bis-m-nitroaniline. The formations of color derivatives with the reagents are instantaneous and stable for 40 and 32 h, respectively. The methods were rapid, simple, sensitive, and free from nontarget species. The proposed methods have been applied to the determination of fenvalerate in its formulations and environmental samples.

High-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for determination of fenvalerate and deltamethrin in emulsifiable concentrate formulations

A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for estimation of the active ingredient in commercial emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations of fenvalerate and deltamethrin. Known concentrations of the reference-grade synthetic pyrethroid and its EC formulation solution were applied to HPTLC plates which were developed with hexane-toluene, 1 + 1 ( v/v ), as mobile phase. The active ingredient present in the formulation was estimated by densitometry in single-beam single-wavelength reflectance mode. Calibration plots for fenvalerate and deltamethrin were linear in the range 3–23 µg. Recoveries of fenvalerate and deltamethrin from laboratory-prepared EC formulations were in the range 96–100%. The method can be used for quality control and for checking the shelf-life of formulations. The results from the HPTLC method were comparable with those obtained by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with flame-ionization detection (FID).

Photochemical–spectrofluorimetric determination of two pyrethroid insecticides using an anionic micellar medium

The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles on the photochemically induced fluorimetric (PIF) method was investigated in the determination of fenvalerate and deltamethrin insecticides. Physical and chemical variables affecting the sensitivity of the method were optimized. Linear calibration curves were established over more than two orders of magnitude. The limits of detection were 2.2–2.5 times lower in SDS micelles than in common organic solvents. The RSDs were between 3.7 and 5.2%. Application of the method to the analysis of commercial technical formulations and spiked water samples was evaluated. Satisfactory recoveries were found, ranging from 88.4 to 112.6%. The possible origins of the observed PIF enhancement effect in micellar solution are discussed.

Determination of fenvalerate in seawater and sediment utilizing isotopic dilution and GC/MS

Determination of fenvalerate in seawater and sediment utilizing isotopic dilution and GC/MS

Determination of fenvalerate in flowing-seawater exposure studies.

Determination of fenvalerate in flowing-seawater exposure studies.

Gas-Liquid Chromatographic and Gas-Liquid Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Fenvalerate and Permethrin Residues in Grasshoppers and Duck Tissue Samples

A procedure is described for determining fenvalerate and permethrin residues in grasshoppers and duck tissues. Samples are Soxhlet-extracted with hexane and cleaned up by gel permeation chromatography with an in-line alumina column. Samples are analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection, and confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The average recovery from fortified tissues was 97%.

Determination of fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid, in grapes, peppers, apples, and cottonseeds by gas-liquid chromatography.

Determination of fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid, in grapes, peppers, apples, and cottonseeds by gas-liquid chromatography.