Determination Of Cinnarizine Research Articles

Diode Array Detection for UPLC Determination of Cinnarizine and Dimenhydrinate in their Combined Dosage Form

Background: Cinnarizine is used to treat nausea and vomiting accompanied by motion sickness. Dimenhydrinate is used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting and dizziness. The coformulation of the two drugs showed the lowest rate of adverse effects compared to single dimenhydrinate. Objective: A fully validated ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method has been conducted for the simultaneous estimation of cinnarizine (CIN) and dimenhydrinate (DIM). Materials and Methods: The UPLC method used Acquity Column as stationary phase and mobile phase methanol: buffer (pH = 3.5 ± 0.05) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 50: 25: 25 at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Detection was performed by DAD at 260 nm. Results and Discussion: Retention time was 0.71 and 1.12 min for DIM and CIN, respectively. The linearity was found to be 1-40 μg/mL and 2-80 μg/mL for CIN and DIM; respectively. Conclusion: The method was appropriately used for the quantitation of both drugs in pure form, synthetic mixtures and tablet preparation.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE METHOD FOR OBTAINING NANOCAPSULES, DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHODS OF DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF CINNARIZINE INCLUSION IN A PROLONGED DOSAGE FORM BASED ON POLY-D, L-LACTID-CO-GLICOLIDE, AND ITS VALIDATION

Common pathologies of the cardiovascular system are cerebrovascular disorders, for which cinnarizine is prescribed. An innovative, prolonged nanocapsule dosage form based on poly-D, L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) has been developed.The aim of the research was improvement of the technology and development of the methods for determining the level of cinnarizine inclusion in nanocapsules. The research problem consisted of a great number of drug encapsulation peculiarities, as well as various physicochemical properties of the substances that cannot be taken into account in the existing methods of determination.Materials and methods. In the study, the following substances were used: cinnarizine, PLGA (50:50), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The remaining reagents and solvents fitted into the category of chemically pure. For development of the methods for quantitative determination of cinnarizine and its validation, a spectrophotometric method of analysis was used. Model mixtures used as objects of the study, had been prepared. Validation assessment of the methods was carried out upon such indicators as specificity, linearity, detection limit, repeatability, reproducibility.Results. Methods for spectrophotometric determination of the degree of cinnarizine inclusion has been developed. It has been established that encapsulation reaches 63.74%. Validation testing methods has been carried out. The results of such tests as specificity, linearity, detection limit, repeatability, reproducibility correspond to the safe range of values regulated by Product specification file. Due to the impossibility of determining the degree of cinnarizine inclusion on the basis of standard methods of preparation, the technology of producing nanocapsules has been adjusted.Conclusion. The technology has been optimized and new techniques have been developed. Taking into account the characteristics of production and the physicochemical properties of the components, they make a reliable analysis of the degree of cinnarizine inclusion in nanocapsules possible. The relative error of the developed methods of determination does not exceed ± 2.67%. Based on the results of the validation assessment, this methods is valid for all indicators.

Simultaneous determination of cinnarizine and nicergoline in a binary mixture using first derivative spectra, first derivative of ratio spectra and multivariate calibration techniques

Four methods are described for the simultaneous determination of cinnarizine (Cinn) and nicergoline (Nic). The first method is based on the first derivative (1D) ultraviolet spectrophotometry, with zero crossing and peak to base measurement. The first derivative amplitudes at 216.1 and 235.0 nm were selected for the assay of cinnarizine and nicergoline, respectively. The second method is based on the first derivative of the ratio-spectra (1DD) obtained by measurement of the amplitudes at 256 and 290.6 nm for cinnarizine and nicergoline, respectively. The other two chemometric methods applied were classical least squares (CLS) and inverse least squares (ILS). The calibration of these chemometric methods that involves absorbance and concentration data matrices is used for the prediction of unknown concentrations of Cinn and Nic. The numerical values were calculated by using Matlab R12 version 6.0 and Origin 5.0 software. The linear ranges are 1–40 and 1–46 μg/mL for cinnarizine and nicergoline, respectively, for all methods. The four methods were successfully applied to assaying the pharmaceutical formulations (Cinibral® tablets).

Voltammetric oxidation and determination of cinnarizine at glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The voltammetric oxidation of cinnarizine was investigated. In pH 2.5 Britton–Robinson buffer, cinnarizine shows an irreversible oxidation peak at about 1.20 V at a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified glassy carbon electrode. The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that MWCNT-modified glassy carbon electrode can remarkably enhance electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of cinnarizine. The electrocatalytic behavior was further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for the cinnarizine determination by differential-pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit are 9.0 × 10 −8 to 6.0 × 10 −6 M and 2.58 × 10 −9 M, respectively for cinnarizine. The proposed method was successfully applied to cinnarizine determination in pharmaceutical samples. The analytical performance of this sensor has been evaluated for the detection of analyte in urine as a real sample.

Voltammetric Behavior and Determination of Cinnarizine in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Serum

The electrochemical reduction of cinnarizine was investigated by cyclic and linear sweep adsorptive voltammetry at glassy carbon electrode in Britton-Robinson buffers over the pH range 2.5–11.5. For analytical purposes, a well-defined adsorption-controlled cathodic peak was obtained at pH 2.5. By cathodic adsorptive linear sweep voltammetry, a linear calibration plot was obtained in the range of 2.0 × 10−7 to 5.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 with detection limit of 9.0 × 10−9 mol L−1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of cinnarizine in commercial formulations with mean recovery and relative standard deviation of 100.24% and 1.46, respectively. The proposed method was also applied for drug determination in spiked serum samples by applying the standard addition method with a mean recovery of 97.80% and standard deviation of 3.06.

Determination of Cinnarizine in Pure and Pharmaceutical Formulations

AbstractTwo simple, rapid and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the assay of cinnarizine (CNR) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the formation of chloroform soluble ion‐association complexes of CNR with thymol blue (TB) and with cresol red (CR) inNaOAc‐AcOH buffer of pH 3.6 for TB and in KCl‐HCl buffer of pH 1.6 for CR with absorption maxima at 405 nm and at 403 nm for TB and CR, respectively. Reaction conditions were optimized to obtain the maximum color intensity. The systems obeyed Beer's law in the range of 0.6–15.8 and 0.8–16.6 μg mL−1 for TB and CR, respectively. Various analytical parameters have been evaluated and the results have been validated by statistical data.

Determination of cinnarizine in pharmaceutical preparations by spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry and potentiometry

New methods are developed for the determination of cinnarizine in various dosage forms. They are based on the reaction of cinnarizinium cation with cobalt tetrathiocyanate anion, whereby a sparingly soluble blue 2∶1 drug: reagent ion-pair complex is quantitatively formed. The complex is (a) extracted with nitrobenzene and spectrophotometrically measured at 622 nm; (b) extracted with nitrobenzene and nebulized in an air-acetylene flame for atomic absorption spectrometric monitoring of cobalt at 242.5 nm; and (c) dispersed in a PVC membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether and used as a sensor for direct potentiometric determination of the drug. Optimum reaction conditions and performances of the three analytical techniques are evaluated and compared. At the 25 mg level of cinnarizine, the three methods give results with equal accuracy and precision. The average recovery is 98–99% of the nominal and the mean standard deviation is 0.7%. No significant interferences are caused by drug excipients and diluents.

Sensitive determination of cinnarizine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection

A sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of cinnarizine in human plasma. Cinnarizine and clocinizine (internal standard) were extracted from acidified plasma (pH 4.7) into carbon tetrachloride and the organic layer was evaporated. The products were separated on a Microspher C18 (3 μm) column, using a mixture of 0.04 % triethylamine in 0.01 M ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4), pH adjusted to 4.2 with orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), and acetonitrile (20∶80, v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min at 40°C. Fluorescence detection (λex = 245 nm, λem = 310 nm) was used; the detection limit was 0.5 ng/ml under the conditions used, and the calibration curve linear in the concentration range evaluated (1–60 ng/ml). The assay has been used to measure cinnarizine concentrations in plasma after oral administration to volunteers.

Determination of Cinnarizine in Whole Blood and Plasma by Reversed Phase HFLC and its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study

Abstract Cinnarizine is determined in whole blood and plasma by reversed phase HPLC on a RP-18 stationary phase. The one-step extraction is performed with a chloroform/hexane (2/3) mixture. A high recovery of 91% and a detection limit of 2 ng/ml are obtained as well as a good precision. The internal standard is meclozine. Pharmacokinetic parameters found are in accordance with data cited in literature.

Determination of cinnarizine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Determination of cinnarizine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.