Determinants Of Women's Participation Research Articles

Determinants of women participation in income generating activities: evidence from Ethiopia

This paper aims to examine the major determinants and challenges of women's participation in income-generating activities focusing on rural women of Ethiopia. To carry out this study, both primary and secondary data were used. Randomly selected 161 households were the source of primary data for this study. Secondary data were collected from the review of related literature. A binary logistic regression econometric model was implemented to identify major determinants of women's participation in income-generating activities. The finding of this study revealed that in the study area, women are not allowed by their husbands to participate in high-income earning activities. They are considered a housewife and only husband are expected to participate in high income-generating activities due to the local customs. In the study area, women's participation in the income-generating activity is determined by age, husband’s education, women's education, family size, land size, market distance, livestock holding, and access to credit. This paper contributes to the literature on women's participation challenges in income-generating activities, giving emphasis to rural women's perspectives. It provides the basis for further studies aimed at challenges hindering women's participation in high-income earning activities, particularly in developing countries.

Determinants of Women Participation on Watershed Management in Gibe Sub Catchment of Nono Benja District Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

Watersheds, especially in the developing world, are increasingly being managed for poverty alleviation as well as for environmental conservation. In Ethiopia, watershed management.Program started in 1970. However, it achieved limited success due to its failure in addressing the problems of local people. Women’s knowledge and role in watershedmanagement is largely unrecognized, especially at catchment level.The objective of this studyis to identify the determinants of women participation on watershed management, in Nono Benja district ofJimma Zone. Two stage sampling techniques were used to select sample respondents. In the first stage, from 19 kebele of the district, 6 kebeles were selected by simple random sampling, In the second stage 248 respondents were selected based on probability proportional to the size of population. The necessary data were generated both from primary and secondary sources to answer the research question. Hence, field observation, household survey, key informant interview and focus group discussions were the principal means of generating primary sources of data while secondary data were obtained from reviewing various governmental documents and reports,books and Academic research papers Econometric Model were employed for analyzing data.SPSS version 20 and STATA version 13 software were used for data analysis. The results of the binary logit model indicated that, age, education, training, credit were positively and significantly related to the probability of women participation in watershed management while off farm income was negatively and significantly related to the probability of women participation. Thus, there is need for policies aiming at enhancing women’s participation in watershed management by promoting training, providing extension services,off farm income as well as facilitating access to credit services. Policy and development emphasis on these factors would lead to greater participation in Nono Benja watershed development programme Keywords: Women, Logit, Watershed, Socio‑Economic, Demographic, Intuitional Factor DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/80-02 Publication date: November 30 th 2021

Determinants of Women Participation in Micro and Small Enterprises in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia

The study was undertaken with the objective of assessing determinants of women participation choice and intensity of participation in Micro and Small Enterprises in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. Within the zone three town administrative were selected based the largest number of economic activities. The investigation was grounded on cross-sectional review information from 385 women Micro and Small Enterprise's undertakings participant and non-participant that were assigned using semi-structured interview schedule, key informants interview, focus group discussion, and personal observation. Secondary data was acquired from empirical reports, government policy documents, national statistical reports, journal articles and reports of different organizations. Heckman's two-stage selection model was applied to recognize factors influencing women's participation decision and intensity of participation in MSEs. The first level of probit model estimation results reveal that educational status, business experience, access to credit, access to training, achievement motivation, receiving remittance, information seeking behaviour and initial capital were emphatically and fundamentally impact the likelihood of women participation decision in MSE while age was negatively related and does significantly determine the participation choice of the women. The after effects of the second stage Heckman model demonstrated that the intensity of participation in Micro and Small Enterprises was significantly and positively influenced by educational status, access to market, access to transportation, and achievement motivation. Hence, this study recommends that government and concerned bodies are anticipated to enhance the educational level, skill, and knowledge development training, provide aids and subsidized to income, credit facilities, and the remittance-receiving channels. It is also suggested that women should formulate their own goals and they should participate in business by their own choice nevertheless of other alternatives accomplish well and actions need to be accepted to offer incentives for women who have faced a lack of available initial capital in the study area.

Determinants of Women Participation in Livelihood Development Activities: A Case of Kinango Sub-County, Kwale County, Kenya

Determinants of Women Participation in Livelihood Development Activities: A Case of Kinango Sub-County, Kwale County, Kenya

Determinants of Women Participation and the Implication on Saving and Credit Cooperatives’ Development

<p><em>In Ethiopia, promoting gender equality and women empowerment is one of the millennium development goals (MDG) because women play a vital role in the community by taking care of all social activities. Even if women have the talents and skills, cooperatives like other forms of enterprise, reflect the broader society in which they operate, gender imbalances do exist, despite the cooperative principles and values that proclaim equality and equity. It is assumed that, saving and credit cooperatives (SAACOs) can serve the majority of rural people on sustainable base if only they have good performance for which equal participation of women is essential. However, in Dale district the female participation in SACCO is comparatively low. Therefore, to improve the performance of SACCOs and women membership, the major factors which affect the women participation need to be examined. Hence this paper focused on determinants of women participation and the implication of SACCOs in the study area.</em><em> </em></p><p><em>To address the objectives, both primary and secondary data were used. To collect the primary data, 148 cooperative women members from 13 selected cooperatives which are established during the year 2010 and another 130 non members from the vicinity of selected cooperatives have been identified randomly. Direct interview method was adopted by semi-structured interview schedule to collect the primary data. In addition, focus group discussion and key informant interview also carried out to elicit relevant information pertaining to the research. The collected data was analysed using SPSS (version 20) to arrive meaningful results. Descriptive statistics such as Mean, Standard Deviation, Chi-square Test, and Wilcoxon One Sample Test were used for analysis and interpretation of data. In addition, Binary Logistic Regression model was used to trace out the influential factors responsible for the participation of women in SACCOs in the study area. The analysis results are presented in the form of tabulation and diagrammatic representation.</em><em> </em></p><p><em>The outcome of the research shows that overall participation of women members in the affairs of SACCOs is relatively moderate. </em><em>The overall participation efficiency index value (244.5) which is slightly above the base value of 200 also supports the results. </em><em>As an average 85.8% of the sample women is satisfied with the operation and management of cooperatives. Also test of statistics proved that all the variables are significant either 1% or 5% level. Logit regression results indicate that out of 12 variables included in the model, 9 variables are found to be highly significant in determining the participation of women in SACCOs. A </em><em>positive implication of women membership in SACCOs’ development also found through test results and is highly significant with the value of 4.27 which is far above the median value of 2. On the basis of findings suitable policy implications are forwarded.<br /></em></p>

Demographic Variables as Determinants of Women’s Participation in Child Nutrition Education in Osun State, Nigeria

The study examined demographic variables as determinants of women participation in child nutrition education in Osun State, with a view to establishing the level of nutrients children have in breast-feeding and how child nutrition education impacted women participation and psychosocial development of mothers and children. The descriptive survey research design was employed. The random sampling technique was used to select 525 respondents which comprised mothers who brought their children to the hospitals and clinics. t-test was used to analyse the data There was significant difference in level of women participation with low and higher education in child nutrition awareness (t=1.96, df =525, p>0.5). There was no significant difference in the level of participation of unemployed and employed women in child nutrition awareness (t=.567, df =525,p>0.5). Similarly, there was significant difference between the level of participation of single and married women in child nutrition awareness’. (t=1.815, df =525, p>0.5. Therefore, the study recommended that every women, irrespective of age, level of education, level of employment, or marital status need to be educated and aware of the effects of nutrients children acquired in breast-feeding. Also, the government; non-governmental organizations, community workers and society at large should organize seminars and workshops on how to improve child nutrition practices.Key words: Demographic, child nutrition, education, women participation,Osun State