Determinants Of Production Efficiency Research Articles

Production efficiency and effect of sustainable land management practices on the yield of oranges in northwest Vietnam

ABSTRACT Land management is vital for agricultural production and ecosystem service maintenance to mitigate the effects of climate change. This is particularly important in regions with higher proportions of sloping land, where degradation is more prevalent. The mountainous northwest of Vietnam provides a salient example of an area with sloping and highly degraded soils. This article employed data envelopment analysis to investigate the effect of sustainable land management practices on efficiency and yield in the cultivation of oranges. Determinants of production efficiency and the interaction between efficiency and yield were also analyzed. Results indicate that 130 out of the studied 174 groves are not operating at optimal efficiency levels and that most producers would benefit by increasing their scale of production. Furthermore, the adoption of sustainable land management was found to improve production efficiency and yield both positively and significantly. Finally, the production efficiency of orange groves is positively affected by the ethnicity of the head of the farming household, access to extension services, and the degree of sustainable land management adoption. Farming households headed by members with higher levels of education and more farming experience were also found to significantly contribute to scale efficiency.

Determinants of Production Efficiency of Maize-Dominated Farmers in Western Parts of Ethiopia in Gudeya Bila District: Evidence under Shifting Cultivation Area

Background In Ethiopia, maize is produced as major food crop that is based on traditional methods of production, and there exists inefficiency in the use of available scarce resources. Thus, poor people are failing to achieve rapid economic growth, development, and food security still today in the country. Hence, the best possible means of achieving development is through increasing the production efficiency of farmers. Thus, to estimate the levels of production efficiency, this study specifically used only data of farmers who are producing without ploughing by oxen and without using fertilizers in the study area under shifting cultivation. Method Stochastic frontier production is used to estimate the technical efficiency score, and the cost frontier model is used to estimate production efficiency. To determine the determinants of production efficiency, the Tobit model was used in this study. Result The Tobit model results show that loss due to wild animals, experience of household, and off-farm income had a negative impact on production efficiency of farmers. Regarding the positive determinants of production efficiency, land conservation practice and mobile use have a positive influence. Conclusion and recommendation. The farmers in the study area are inefficient in the production of maize. Since the loss of maize products is high due to wild animals such as pigs, apes, and monkeys that results in production inefficiency, the agricultural policies and strategies of Ethiopian governments should be directed toward providing tourism to protect those wild animals. Additionally, to increase the production efficiency, construction of terraces and soil bunds to conserve land and supporting the farmers by providing network facilities for mobile usage that boost maize production efficiency of farmers is essential for policymakers.

Determinants of productivity and efficiency of okra production for export in Suphan Buri and Nakhon Pathom Provinces, Thailand

Agriculture is the prime source of economic activities, especially in Asia. In the okra export market channels, Japan was a major importer, yet suspended all importation of okra from Thailand, according to the promulgation of the Positive List System. This study aimed to: 1) estimate one particular type of productive efficiency, viz. technical efficiency, in okra production in Thailand's Suphan Buri and Nakhon Pathom Provinces, by using a Cobb-Douglas production function for single okra output and multiple inputs. The analysis applied the Stochastic Production Frontier; 2) investigate the determinants of production efficiency by using Tobit regression. Based on data collected from 222 okra farming households in two provinces, who contracted with private companies to produce okra for export. The results revealed that the average technical efficiency of okra production among the samples in Suphan Buri and Nakhon Pathom Provinces was 81.45%. Furthermore, the results showed that okra growers' gender, age, formal years of schooling, number of family members engaged in okra production, and hired labour had positive relationships with efficiency scores. While years of experience in okra production had a negative effect.

Farm Level Efficiency of Crop Production in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia

The gap between demand for and supply of food can be minimized by improving productivity either through introduction of modern technologies, reallocation of resources or improving the efficiency of production. It is however almost impossible to increase production by bringing more land and capital resources as they are very limiting in the rural parts of the developing world. Wheat, faba bean (horse bean) and lentil are the three most important crops in the central highlands of Ethiopia and enhancing the farm level efficiency of their production is a crucial component of the food security strategy of the government. This study aims at analyzing level and determinants of production efficiency of these crops by smallholder farmers in North Shewa zone. The study generated data from 480 randomly selected smallholder farmers in the 2015/16 production season. The study estimated, technical, allocative and economic efficiencies using Data Envelopment Analysis technique. The results showed that mean technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were 77%, 69% and 53%, respectively, indicating a substantial inefficiency in the production of these important crops. Analysis of determinants of efficiency using a double-bounded Tobit model indicates that age, education, off/non-farm income, livestock holding, credit access, extension contacts, market distance, distance to all weather road and average farm plots distance significantly affect efficiency of production. The findings of the study show that the production efficiency of these crops can be significantly improved through increased integration of the crop and livestock subsystems, investment of basic education and infrastructure, and improvement of the agricultural extension system and the rural credit services.

Determination of production efficiency, color, glass transition, and sticky point temperature of spray-dried pomegranate juice powder

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the powder recovery, color characteristics, glass transition temperature (Tg), and sticky point (Ts) temperature of spray-dried pomegranate juice powder as affected by different concentrations of maltodextrin (DE 20). Five different combinations of pomegranate juice and maltodextrin (95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20 and 75:25 v/w) were prepared and spray dried in a laboratory-type spray dryer. Increase in concentration of maltodextrin significantly increased the powder recovery and 20% of maltodextrin was required for successful spray drying of pomegranate juice (powder recovery > 50%). Color values of pomegranate juice powder were significantly influenced by concentration of maltodextrin. With increase in concentration of maltodextrin powder, lightness (L* value) increased from 45.54 to 74.46, a* value decreased from 20.43 to 11.45 and b* value decreased from 2.16 to −3.83. Results showed that with increase in maltodextrin concentration from 5% to 25%, Tg increased ...

SFA를 이용한 전복 양식업의 지역별 효율성분석에 관한 연구 - 완도지역을 중심으로 -

Based on the survey on aquaculture management status in Nohwa-eup, Bogil-myeon, Wando-eup in Wando region, this study aimed to estimate productive efficiencies of abalone aquaculture production using a stochastic frontier approach (SFA) and to find out their determinants. In the analysis, a Cobb-Douglas production function with an inefficiency term that follows an halfnormal distribution was assumed for the estimation of productive efficiencies. Then, based on the outcomes of productive efficiencies, determinants of productive efficiency were investigated using a tobit regression model. Results showed that the average inefficiency was estimated to be 10% and the production size would be a statistically significant variable for the production. In addition, it was shown that the cage installing method would be an important factor affecting to the level of productive efficiency.

Economic efficiency among small scale poultry farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. "A stochastic frontier production model approach"

The economic efficiency, determinants of production efficiency and the sources of inefficiency in small scale poultry production in Imo State are investigated using a stochastic frontier production function, which incorporates a model for inefficiency effects. Data were collected with structured questionnaire from 180 small scale poultry farmers randomly selected from the three agricultural zones of Imo State, and analyzed using the stochastic frontier model. Results show that labour, capital, day-old chicks, feed, drugs and vaccine and utilities are the major factors that are associated with changes in the output of poultry. All the examined farmer-specific socio economic variables, which comprise gender, farming experience, education, credit, household size and extension, were found to be the significant factors that account for the observed variation in efficiency among the small scale poultry farmers. Keywords : economic efficiency, small scale poultry farmers, stochastic frontier production model International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 6 2005: 19-25

Farm size and the determinants of productive efficiency in the Brazilian Center‐West

AbstractThis paper explores the determinants of technical efficiency, and the relationship between farm size and efficiency, in the Center‐West of Brazil. This is the region where agricultural production and total factor productivity have grown the fastest since 1970. It is also a region characterised by unusually large farms. Technical efficiency is studied with Data Envelopment Analysis and county level data disaggregated by farm size and type of land tenure. The efficiency measure is regressed on a set of explanatory variables which includes farm size, type of land tenure, composition of output, access to institutions and indicators of technology and input usage. The relationship between farm size and efficiency is found to be non‐linear, with efficiency first falling and then rising with size. Type of land tenure, access to institutions and markets, and modern inputs are found to be important determinants of the differences in efficiency across farms.

Farm size and the determinants of productive efficiency in the Brazilian Center-West

This paper explores the determinants of technical efficiency, and the relationship between farm size and efficiency, in the Center-West of Brazil. This is the region where agricultural production and total factor productivity have grown the fastest since 1970. It is also a region characterised by unusually large farms. Technical efficiency is studied with Data Envelopment Analysis and county level data disaggregated by farm size and type of land tenure. The efficiency measure is regressed on a set of explanatory variables which includes farm size, type of land tenure, composition of output, access to institutions and indicators of technology and input usage. The relationship between farm size and efficiency is found to be non-linear, with efficiency first falling and then rising with size. Type of land tenure, access to institutions and markets, and modern inputs are found to be important determinants of the differences in efficiency across farms.

Determining Productive Efficiency in the EU: the Role of Public Capital and Investment in Education

The aim of this article is to measure and analyse productive efficiency behaviour in the EU from 1980 to 2001, trying to assess whether European integration processes have benefited the technological catch‐up among the Member States. To carry out this research, a stochastic frontier model has been used, making it possible to study the role of public investment in infrastructure and education in explaining differences between EU countries. These capitals are introduced in the function to be estimated and take into consideration allocation criteria in European countries as determinants of productive efficiency. Findings confirm the positive influence of public capital on production and of investment in education on the improvement of efficiency, as well as the intensification of the technological catch‐up among countries as integration progresses. These results have implications for economic policies, as they support the maintenance of active regional policies in the EU for the future.

Examining the Determinants of Productive Efficiency with it as a Production Factor

Information technology (IT) is becoming so important in conducting business nowadays that recent research has begun to treat IT as a production factor in the firm's production process. Following this line of thinking, this paper intends to examine the relationship between IT spending and productive efficiency so as to identify some firm-specific characteristics that are associated with the efficient use of IT in the production of output. The methodology employed in this study is a generalized stochastic frontier model. In the presence of IT spending as a production factor, we find that out of the seven firm-specific characteristics examined, beta and debt-to-equity ratio are negatively correlated with productive efficiency, while the other five (return on assets, return on equity, shareholder return, sales growth, and research and development expenses) have positive effects. Implications for practitioners are drawn from the empirical results, and some topics are suggested for future research.

Productive Efficiency during Transition: Evidence from Bulgarian Panel Data

New and unusually rich panel data for Bulgarian companies during late communism and early transition were used to investigate the determinants of productive efficiency. Compared to conventional production functions, stochastic frontier models were found to be the preferred specifications. Typically, enterprise performance was found to be unaffected by several factors, including the extent of exports, joint venture status, labor management relations and unionization. However, business efficiency was enhanced by incentive compensation arrangements. Compared to fading communism, the determinants of productive efficiency were found not to have changed much during early transition. Average firm efficiency was also investigated and found to be quite low—between 0.603 and 0.720. This dispersion has grown during early transition.J. Comp. Econom.,September 1998, 26(3), pp. 446–464. Hamilton College, Clinton, New York 13323; University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida 32789.

Structural adjustment policies and productive efficiency of socialist enterprises

The paper uses panel data from a five percent stratified random sample of Yugoslav industrial enterprises to test several hypotheses about the determinants of productive efficiency. The estimating procedure selects the production function best supported by the data and allows for industry-specific production function parameters as well as from firm-specific fixed or random effects. The instrumental variable estimates suggest that productive efficiency is unaffected by the four structural/policy variables whose effect we examine: the extent of export orientation, joint venture status, divisionalization of the firm, and the firm's market share.

Determinants of Production Efficiency: The Case of Rice Production in Antique Province, Philippines

Analyses of the efficient use of technologies in the context of irrigated agriculture have been numerous in the literature. On the other hand, empirical studies on rainfed agriculture which is an important source of production and employment generation in many developing countries are scanty. The objective of this paper is to examine how effectively farmers in the rainfed areas in the Philippines, given the current modern technology, apply the technology at the farm level and to identify the factors causing differences in efficiency amongst farmers. [710]