Determinants Of Mothers Research Articles

Awareness and healthcare seeking behavior of neonatal danger signs, and predictor variables among mothers/caregivers in four developing regional state of Ethiopia

Introduction: Mothers/caregivers should be aware of a newborn’s danger signs and promptly seek medical attention. Hence, this study assessed mothers’/caregivers’ awareness, healthcare seeking behaviors for neonatal danger signs and their determinants in the developing regional state of Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was employed among mothers/caregivers of neonates in the developing regional state of Ethiopia. The sample was determined in collaboration with the Central Statistics Agency of Ethiopia. Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to recruit the sample. Data were collected through an interviewer administered structured questionnaire using a tablet computer. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were applied to identify determinants of awareness and treatment-seeking behavior for neonatal danger signs.ResultsThe result of the study showed that nearly one-third (32.7%) of the respondents had a good level of awareness of neonatal danger signs, and 69.0% of the respondents had good healthcare-seeking practice about neonatal danger signs. Regional state (Benishangul-Gumuz) [AOR = 1.61; 95% CI (1.09, 2.39)], Muslim’s [AOR = 1.75; 95% CI (1.20, 2.55)] and permission to travel to a health facility [AOR = 0.48; 95% CI (0.37, 0.63)] were determinants of mothers’/caregivers’ awareness about neonatal danger signs. Antenatal care (ANC) attendance and institutional delivery were shown to have a positive association with neonatal healthcare seeking (AOR = 2.14 and AOR = 2.37, respectively).ConclusionIn Ethiopia’s developing regional states, mothers/caregivers were remarkably unaware of neonatal danger signs. Region, religion, mothers’/caregivers’ age, and need for permission to travel to a health facility were predictor variables for neonatal danger sign awareness. Better healthcare seeking practices, which are determined by ANC attendance and institutional delivery, are observed in these regions. Federal and regional governments should give these regions due attention. Moreover, regional health bureaus and health professionals should tackle the problem by focusing on the identified factors.

Spatial variation and determinants of mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact care practices in Ethiopia: A spatial and multilevel mixed-effect analysis.

Skin-to-skin contact care practice is placing a naked baby on the mother's chest with no cloth separating them, in a prone position covered by a cloth or blanket. It improves the survival of newborns by preventing hypothermia, improving breastfeeding, and strengthening mother-to-child bonding. Nevertheless, it remains under-practiced in many resource-constrained settings. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to explore the spatial variation and determinants of mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact care practices in Ethiopia. The study was done using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A weighted sample of 10417 mothers who gave live birth before the five-year survey was extracted for the analysis. Arc GIS version 10.3 and SaTscan version 10.0.2 were used for the spatial analysis. A multilevel mixed logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with skin-to-skin contact care practices of mothers and newborns. Finally, a statistically significant association was declared at a P-value of < 0.05. In this study, skin-to-skin contact care practice of mothers and newborns was non-random across Ethiopia with Moran's I: 0.48, p < 0.001. The most likely significant primary and secondary clusters were found in Addis Ababa (RR = 2.39, LLR = 116.80, p <0.001) and Dire Dewa and Harari (RR = 2.02, LLR = 110.45, p <0.001), respectively. In this study, place of delivery (AOR = 12.29, 95%CI:10.41, 14.54), rich wealth index (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05,1.59), medium wealth index (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI:1.17, 1.68), having 1-3 antenatal care visits(AOR = 1.86,95% CI: 1.56, 2.29), having ≥4 antenatal care visits (AOR = 1.93,95% CI: 1.56, 2.39), initiating breastfeeding within the first hour (AOR = 1.75,95% CI:1.49,2.05) and media exposure (AOR = 1.20,95%CI 1.02,1.41) were factors associated with skin to skin contact care practice of mothers and newborns. This study concludes that the Skin-to-skin contact care practices of mother and newborn is not random in Ethiopia. Therefore, the implementation of essential newborn care packages should be regularly monitored and evaluated, particularly in the cold spot areas of skin-to-skin contact care practices. Besides, media advertising regarding the importance of Skin-to-skin contact care practices for mothers and newborns should be scaled up to increase the practices.

A cross-sectional study of breastfeeding device use and its determinants in mothers attending immunization outpatient department of an urban health training centre attached to a teaching medical institute

Background: Breastfeeding as a practice was recommended by World Health Organization. Breastfeeding devices are used to feed the expressed breastmilk to infants, it is one determinant which is linked with both favourable and unfavourable outcomes in exclusive breastfeeding practices among term and pre-term infants. Methods: This was a cross sectional, observational study carried at an urban health training centre. The study subjects were mother and their infants residing in the urban slum. Objectives of the research were to determine the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding, to find various breastfeeding devices used by mothers and the factors associated with it. A total of 230 mother-infant dyads were included in the study. Results: Majority of mothers belonged to 21-30-year age group, housewives (93%) and Hindu by religion (68%). Majority received education till secondary school (57%) and 3.5% were illiterate. Majority had their first child before they turned 30 and most of the infants were female (55%). Over 3/4th of the infants were being exclusively breastfed, initiated on breastfeeding within first hour of birth (41%) and 1/5th received pre-lacteal feed, Breastfeeding device use was noted in 15 participants (6.5%), in which majority were using spoon followed by bottle. Mothers using breastfeeding devices showed higher proportion of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: Use of breastfeeding device showed association with mother’s occupation, lower age of mother at the time of marriage and first delivery while religion and parity of mothers were not significantly associated with it.

Concordance and determinants of mothers’ and children’s diets in Nigeria: an in-depth study of the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey

ObjectivesImproving the diversity of the diets in young children 6–23 months is a policy priority in Nigeria and globally. Studying the relationship between maternal and child food group intake can...

Mothers' Care-Seeking Behavior for Common Childhood Illnesses and Its Predictors in Ethiopia: Meta-Analysis.

Background Healthcare-seeking interventions can potentially reduce child mortality; however, many children die in developing countries without reaching a health facility. The World Health Organization reported that 70% of child deaths are related to delay care-seeking. So, this review is aimed at identifying mothers' care-seeking behavior for common childhood illnesses and predictors in Ethiopia. Methods Systematic search of studies was done on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, institutional repositories, Academic Search Premier, and manually from reference lists of identified studies in the English language up to August 2021. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal tool for prevalence study. This meta-analysis used the random-effect method using the STATA™ Version 14 software. Result Fourteen studies involving 8,031 participants were included in this meta-analysis. After correcting Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill analysis, the overall pooled prevalence of mothers' care-seeking behavior is 60.73% (95% CI: 43.49-77.97), whereas the highest prevalence, 74.80% (95% CI: 62.60, 87.00) and 67.77%(95% CI: 55.66, 79.87), was seen in Amhara region and urban residents, respectively, while the lowest, 36.49% (95% CI: -27.21, 100.18) and 47.80% (95% CI:-15.31, 110.9), was seen in South Nation Nationality Peoples' Regions and among rural residents, respectively. Mothers' educational status (P ≤ 0.001) and mothers' marital status (P ≤ 0.001) were significantly associated with mothers' care-seeking behavior. Conclusion Even though children are a vulnerable group, mothers' care-seeking behavior for common childhood illnesses is significantly low. Educational status and marital status were determinants of mothers' care-seeking behavior. So, all responsible bodies should work on the improvement of mothers' care-seeking behavior.

Socio-economic and cultural determinants of mothers and fathers for low birth weight newborns in the region of Marrakech (Morocco): A case-control study.

BackgroundLow birth weight (LBW) is defined as a birth weight less than 2500 g. It is an important predictor of early neonatal mortality, morbidity, and long-term health outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for low birth weight in Marrakech Morocco.MethodsA retrospective based case-control study was conducted from July 2018 to July 2019. 462 mother infant pairs (231 low birth weight babies as cases and 231 normal birth weights as controls) were included in the study. Data were collected through face to face interview using a structured and pretested questionnaire. The collected data were managed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with low birth weight at p-value < 0.05 with their respective odds ratios and 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe univariate analysis revealed the effect of the following determinants on the LBW: rural residence, father’s age, father’s professional activity, consanguinity, family type, mother’s low educational level, and mother’s intense physical activity. After the multivariate analysis, the risk factors identified were: rural residence (P = 0.017), father’s professional activity (temporarily working) (P = 0.000), absence of the consanguinity link (P = 0.016), and mother’s intense physical activity (P = 0.014).ConclusionResults show father’s professional activity (temporarily working), rural residence, absence of the consanguinity link and mother’s intense physical activity are independent predictors of low birth weight. The current findings add substantially to the growing literature on the influence of parent’s socio-demographic and cultural factors on LBW in resource-constrained settings and provide empirical data for public health interventions to reduce low birth weight.

Magnitude and Determinants of Postnatal Mothers' Knowledge of Essential Newborn Care at Home in Rural Ethiopia.

IntroductionGlobally, nearly three million children die in the neonatal period. Although there is scant information about rural mothers, the enhancement of mothers' knowledge and skills toward essential newborn care (ENC) is a vital aspect in the reduction of newborn illness and mortality. Thus, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and determinants of mothers' knowledge of ENC.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among recently delivered women using a multistage sampling method in Chole woreda. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the determinant factors with the level of knowledge. Odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval was used to describe association and significance was determined at a P-value < 0.05.ResultsData from 510 mothers were employed for analysis. Overall, 33.5% (95% CI: 29.4, 37.6) of the mothers had good knowledge of ENC. Antenatal care (ANC) visits [AOR: 2.42; 95% CI: (1.50, 3.88)], counseled about ENC during ANC [AOR: 5.71; 95% CI: (2.44, 13.39)], delivery at health institutions [AOR: 2.41; 95% CI: (1.30, 4.46)], religion [AOR 1.99, 95% CI: (1.25, 3.16)], and educational level [AOR = 1.64 95% CI: (1.10, 2.51)] were significantly associated with knowledge of ENC. About 74, 75, and 41% of mothers practiced appropriate cord care, breastfeeding, and thermal care, respectively.ConclusionThree out of 10 mothers had a good level of knowledge of ENC. Knowledge gaps identified pertained to cord care, breastfeeding, and thermal care. There is opportunity to enhance maternal knowledge of ENC through improving access to ANC and institutional delivery.

Job Satisfaction and Women's Timing of Return to Work after Childbirth in the UK

This article examines to what extent multiple facets of pre-childbirth job satisfaction affect women's labor market outcomes after first childbirth in the UK. Using the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) we find that higher levels of overall job satisfaction increase the probability of returning to work sooner, and to the same job, during the sample period. Satisfaction with job security, work hours and the work content - but not with pay – are important determinants of mothers’ employment choices. We discuss the role of job satisfaction on women's ability to combine work and family responsibilities, and related aspects of job quality.

Determinants of Mother's Financial Literacy on Family Economic Welfare: Maqashid Sharia Analysis

This study involved determinants of maternal financial literacy on household welfare from the perspective of maqashid al-syariah. This study used two waves of IFLS, namely IFLS-4 (2007) and IFLS-5 (2014). In addition, several data related to the value of household assets and household characteristics are available based on IFLS-4 (2007). The study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis and regression using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The findings in this study include the expenditure variable has no significant effect on the family welfare variable. The social consumption variable has a negative and significant impact on family welfare. The savings variable has a positive and significant effect on family welfare. The variable was to borrow funds has a positive and significant effect on family welfare. The pension fund variable has a positive and significant effect on family welfare. Mother's education variable has a negative and significant effect on family welfare. The variable number of family members has a positive and significant effect on the family's economic interest. The variables of residence and year have no significant impact on the family's economic welfare.

Determinants of Mother's Financial Literacy on Family Economic Welfare: Maqashid Sharia Analysis

This study involved determinants of maternal financial literacy on household welfare from the perspective of maqashid al-syariah. This study used two waves of IFLS, namely IFLS-4 (2007) and IFLS-5 (2014). In addition, several data related to the value of household assets and household characteristics are available based on IFLS-4 (2007). The study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis and regression using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The findings in this study include the expenditure variable has no significant effect on the family welfare variable. The social consumption variable has a negative and significant impact on family welfare. The savings variable has a positive and significant effect on family welfare. The variable was to borrow funds has a positive and significant effect on family welfare. The pension fund variable has a positive and significant effect on family welfare. Mother's education variable has a negative and significant effect on family welfare. The variable number of family members has a positive and significant effect on the family's economic interest. The variables of residence and year have no significant impact on the family's economic welfare.

Measuring and Predicting Intention of Senegalese Mothers to Provide Iron-Rich Foods to their Children

In Senegal, only 43% of children aged 6-23 months are provided with iron-rich foods (IRF). Assessing determinants of mothers’ behaviour is imperative to improve young children nutrition. We developed a validated questionnaire and used it to assess psychosocial factors of mothers' intention to provide IRF to their children aged 6-23 months in the Matam area, Senegal. Using the planned behaviour theory, the first version of a questionnaire was developed and administered to 120 mothers. Exploratory factorial analyses (EFA) were used to generate a shorter and validated final version of the questionnaire, administered to another sample (N=100) of mothers to assess psychosocial factors underlying their intention to provide IRF to children. EFA revealed the importance of perceived benefits mothers have for the health/welfare of their children if providing them IRF, about acting according to expectations of persons in their surroundings and limited access to IRF due to physical/financial constraints. Attitude (β=0.26, p = 0.015) and subjective norm (β = 0.22, p = 0.047) were positively associated with mothers’ intention to provide IRF to their children. Together with sociodemographic variables, they explained 14% of its variance. Our findings revealed that mothers have a strong intention to provide IRF to their children. Although further assessments of this questionnaire are warranted in other contexts, this tool could provide information on potential determinants of mothers’ intention to provide IRF to children.

Rates and Determinants of Mother’s Own Milk Feeding in Infants Born Very Preterm

To examine rates and determinants of mother's own milk (MOM) feeding at hospital discharge in a cohort of infants born very preterm within the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN). This was a population-based cohort study of infants born at <33weeks of gestation and admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) participating in the CNN between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018. We examined the rates and determinants of MOM use at discharge home among the participating NICUs. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify independent determinants of MOM feeding. Among the 6404 infants born very preterm and discharged home during the study period, 4457 (70%) received MOM or MOM supplemented with formula. Rates of MOM feeding at discharge varied from 49% to 87% across NICUs. Determinants associated with MOM feeding at discharge were gestational age 29-32weeks compared with <26weeks (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.25-1.93), primipara mothers (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.86-2.42), maternal diabetes (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.93), and maternal smoking (aOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.19-0.38). Receipt of MOM by day 3 of age was the major predictor of breast milk feeding at discharge (aOR 3.61, 95% CI 3.17-4.12). Approximately two-thirds of infants born very preterm received MOM at hospital discharge, and rates varied across NICUs. Supporting mothers to provide breast milk in the first 3days after birth may be associated with improved MOM feeding rates at discharge.

The Role of Mothers’ Intentions for Physical Activity Education in Children: A Test of Theory of Planned Behavior

Background: One of the important agents in the development of children physical activity is mothers. Objective: The present study aimed to assessing the role of socio-cognitive determinants in mothers’ intention to physical activity education for children based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of mothers who have 3 to 6 old child in the west of Iran, 2018. Participants were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. A structured questionnaire was applied for collecting data and data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using correlations, and linear regression statistical tests. Results: Mean age of the mothers was 31.68 [95% CI: 31.17, 32.19]. Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control variables predictors accounted for 42% of the variation in the intention of physical activity education for children by mothers. Perceived behavior control (Beta=-0.654 and P≤ 0.001) was the more influential predictor on physical activity education intention. Conclusion: It seems that designing and implementation of educational programs to increase perceived behavior control of mothers regarding the physical activity education for children may be the usefulness of the results in order to the promotion of physical activity among their children.

Correlates of mothers' nutritional status in developing economies: Evidence from demographic and health surveys.

The study investigates the determinants of the nutritional status of mothers in developing countries. For a panel of 38 developing countries, data were obtained from the nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Married women of reproductive age group (15 to 45 years), currently living with their husbands were selected as the target population. Body mass index was used as a proxy measure to gauge the nutritional status. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to assess the socioeconomic determinants of mothers' nutritional status. The findings from both descriptive and probability analyses identified the mothers' poor educational status, early marriage, high fertility rate, low birth interval, low women empowerment status, household poverty, and belonging to rural areas as the main determinants of poor nutritional status of mothers in developing countries; hence, there is a need to focus more on this group in order to stop the sustained transmission of intergenerational malnutrition.

Prevalence and determinants of mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact in The Gambia: a secondary data analysis

BackgroundSkin-to-skin contact (SSC) between mother and the newborn brings many benefits including its potential to promote the survival of the newborn. Nevertheless, it is a practice that is underutilized in many resource-constrained settings including The Gambia where a high rate of maternal and child mortality has been reported. In this study, we examined the prevalence and determinants of mother and newborn SSC in The Gambia.MethodsWe used secondary data from The Gambia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)—2018. Data from 9205 women between 15-49 years who gave birth within 5 years of the survey was extracted for the analysis. Percentages and chi-square test were used for analyses. The significant variables from chi-square test were included in the multivariable binary logistic regression model to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (with corresponding 95% CI) of the factors associated with mother and newborn SSC.ResultsThe results of this study showed that the national prevalence of mother and newborn SSC was 35.7%. Across local government areas; Mansakonko (47.8%) and Kerewan (44.2%) had the highest prevalence, while Basse (28.5%) and Brikama (26.5%) had the least prevalence of mother and newborn SSC in The Gambia. Based on results from the logit model, normal weight (at least 2.5 kg) children were 1.37 times as likely to have mother and newborn SSC, compared with the low birthweight (< 2.5 kg) children (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.78). In addition, there was 38% increase in the odds of rural women who reported mother and newborn SSC, compared with urban women (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.79). Women who delivered at health facility were 3.35 times as likely to have mother and newborn SSC, compared with women who delivered at home (OR = 3.35; 95% CI: 2.37, 4.75). Furthermore, women who initiated antenatal care (ANC) after the first trimester had 21% reduction in the odds of mother and newborn SSC, compared with women who initiated ANC within the first trimester (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.93).ConclusionThe prevalence of mother and newborn SSC was low. In addition, geographical residence, birth weight, urban-rural residential status, place of delivery, and timing to ANC initiation were associated with mother and newborn SSC. There is a need to promote institutional based delivery using skilled birth attendance, promote early ANC initiation and healthy fetal growth.

Determinants of Mothers’ Educational Expectations

Determinants of Mothers’ Educational Expectations

The style of mothering and its determinants: a study among mothers of lower primary school children

Background: The first teacher and everlasting support for a child is his/her mother. Mother–child bonds remain so strongly throughout one’s life in spite of the changing times and complexities of life. Literature suggests that elements of warmth and control from parents, especially mothers positively correlated with achievement and intellectual orientation in children. Objectives were to assess the various styles of mothering and its determinants in mothers of children studying in lower primary schools and residing in Adat panchayat, Thrissur, Kerala.Methods: A community based descriptive study was conducted among 315 mothers of lower primary school children residing in Adat panchayat, Thrissur. Data was collected using Parental Authority Questionnaire.Results: Mean age of mothers was 31.9 years. 73% mothers were practicing predominantly authoritative parenting style, 24% were authoritarian and only 3% were permissive style. The type of family and current age of mothers were significantly associated with the style of mothering. Mothering style did not differ with the gender of children. Occupation of mothers had a significant difference in proportion of parenting styles. The working status of either or both parents significantly influenced the mothering styles.Conclusions: Most mothers followed predominantly authoritative style. Responsive and demanding behaviour of mothers vary significantly with respect to type of family, current age and employment status.

Determinants of mother’s health seeking behaviour during common childhood illness in a costal area of Bangladesh

Background: The government of Bangladesh has committed to stop preventable child deaths in the country before 2035. Objective: To attain this, the government is promoting research-based interventions. This study aims to understand the determinants of health-seeking behavior of mothers during common childhood illnesses in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study and face-to-face survey interview using a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted from 384 mothers to explore determinants of mothers’ healthcare seeking behavior during common childhood illness. This study was conducted in two villages of Teknaf upazila (sub-district) in Cox’s Bazar district between February and August 2014. Results: Out of 384 mothers, 65.4% had reported illness in their children in the 14 days preceding the survey. Most of the mothers (48.6%) reported that their children suffered from fever, cough and cold, and 35.2% of them sought self-care or home remedy on the first action. Mothers’ awareness regarding the danger signs of childhood illness was poor. Moreover, mothers’ education, household monthly income, monthly expenditure on health treatment, and mothers’ knowledge regarding danger signs acted as determinants for mothers seeking formal care during childhood illness. Conclusion: Aiming to ending preventable child deaths, it is necessary to implement intervention focusing on improving maternal education and household income opportunities. More research to explore health seeking behavior encompassing seasonal variation and facility assessment are needed to understand comprehensively the determinants of health seeking behavior of mothers. Keywords: Health-seeking behaviour, Childhood illness, Mother, Healthcare, Determinants

The Determinants of Mothers’ Disclosure of Their Children’s Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Determinants of Mothers’ Disclosure of Their Children’s Autism Spectrum Disorder

Study of the Current Stage and Changes over Time and Determinants of Vitamin A and Iron Intake in Nepalese Mothers and their Children from 2001 to 2011

Study of the Current Stage and Changes over Time and Determinants of Vitamin A and Iron Intake in Nepalese Mothers and their Children from 2001 to 2011 Introduction: Micronutrient deficiency is one of the major problems among mothers and children in Nepal. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the proportion and determinants of mothers and children under the age of 3 years taking vitamin A and iron in Nepal between 2001 and 2011. Methods: Data was drawn from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey in 2001 (N=8,726), 2006 (N=10,793), and 2011 (N=12,674). Vitamin A and iron were assessed as intake from foods and supplements. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of micronutrient intake. Results: The proportion of mothers taking vitamin A from foods increased from 21.1% in 2001 to 74.1% in 2006 and vitamin A from supplements from 11.3% in 2001 to 43.5% in 2011. Similarly, the proportion of mothers taking iron supplementation increased from 57% in 2006 to 80% in 2011. Among children, the proportion taking vitamin A from foods increased from 52.5% in 2006 to 54.8% in 2011, while the proportion of children taking iron from foods decreased from 42.1% in 2006 to 11.1% in 2011. The proportion of children taking vitamin A supplementation decreased from 82.5% in 2001 to 76.7% in 2011. Mother’s education, place of residence, religion, mother smoking status, mother’s age, and child’s age were the key determinants of intake of vitamin A and iron among Nepalese mothers and their children. Conclusion: The proportion of Nepalese mothers taking vitamin A and iron supplementation during pregnancy increased between 2001 and 2011 whereas intake among children decreased during the same period. More prospective studies are needed to understand the changes in nutritional intake.