Determinants Of Smoking Cessation Research Articles

Do Determinants of Smoking Cessation and Relapse Differ between Men and Women? Data from a French National Study

Introduction: There is limited understanding of different predictors of smoking cessation success (SCS) among women and men, despite well-documented differences in smoking behavior. Methods: Using data from DePICT (Description des Perceptions, Images, et Comportements liés au Tabagisme), a national survey of French adults which recruited 2377 regular and former smokers we investigated whether major determinants of SCS differed by sex. Factors associated with unsuccessful vs. No successful quit attempt; vs. SCS were studied using multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses stratified by sex. Results: Women and men share some determinants of SCS including no cannabis use, living in a nonsmoker household and importance giving to being a nonsmoker. However, no e-cigarette use, low-to-moderate alcohol consumption, early smoking initiation, and higher education were associated with SCS only among women. No use of nicotine replacement, having family members who smoke, family opinion on smoking and current employment, were associated with SCS only among men. Neutral or negative friends’ opinion on smoking or living with a smoker were associated with unsuccessful smoking attempts among men. Conclusions: Our results show differences between determinants of SCS according to sex, which highlights the importance of developing tailored interventions that account for sex/gender differences in smoking cessation.

Effectiveness and determinants of smoking cessation in the Saudi Arabian Region of Jazan: A cross-sectional study.

Smoking cessation has significant health benefits. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and related factors of smoking cessation therapies in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. This is a cross-sectional study that took place at smoking cessation clinics in primary healthcare centers between January 2019 and January 2020. This study enrolled a total of 103 people. The success rate for quitting smoking was 36% at three months, with a 13% relapse rate at six months. Age (p=0.017), occupation (p=0.046), daily cigarette intake (p=0.015), and number of visits (p=0.001) were all found to be significant determinants of smoking cessation. In the multivariate analysis, only the number of visits increased the likelihood to quit smoking (AOR=0.31; 95% CI: 0.15-0.63). Self-efficacy was cited as the primary reason for quitting smoking by 71% of the participants, whereas family support, smoking cessation therapies, and friends' support were cited as predictive variables by 18%, 10%, and 1% of the participants, respectively. Smokers who received the smoking cessation intervention package were three times more likely to succeed in giving up smoking when compared to those who received the routine service. Regular follow-up during smoking cessation interventions significantly enhanced the quit rate. It is recommended that pharmacotherapy strategies and intense therapy performed face-to-face with a cessation counselor be combined to improve the quit rate.

Determinants of Smoking Cessation in Palu City, Indonesia

Indonesia has one of the largest tobacco epidemics in Southeast Asia. According to the World Health Organization, smoking-related illnesses kill about 200,000 Indonesians annually. In Central Sulawesi, 26.1% are daily smokers and 6.0% are former smokers. The data show that a future burden of tobacco-related disease can be predicted if people still smoke. The objective of this study was to determine the factors related to smoking cessation in adults (aged 20-59 years old) in Palu City, Indonesia. The Health Belief Model was used as a conceptual framework to guide the study. This was a cross-sectional study and it was conducted with 183 adults. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and logistic regression. The results revealed that significant predictors of smoking cessation included the perceived severity about the consequences of smoking (OR = 4.49, p < 0.001), attempts to quit (OR = 0.93, p < 0.001), and advice from peer/family/physician (OR = 0.32, p < 0.001), with R2 = 0.38. Health care providers can use the findings from this study as an evidence base to develop health promotion and prevention programs to encourage adults to quit smoking and so avoid developing diseases related to smoking. Furthermore, enhancing smoking cessation efforts in young smokers can significantly improve the health of the public.
 Keywords: smoking cessation, adults, Health Belief Model

A randomized trial protocol to determine effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement Therapy on smoking cessation of tuberculosis patients in coastal India

Background: Tobacco smoking and pulmonary tuberculosis combined is two preventable public health concerns. They put the annual global death rates from these two diseases at over six million. There is tangible evidence from studies conducted on more than forty thousand patients regarding nicotine therapy for tobacco smokers enhances likelihood of success when compared to support without nicotine replacement. This study determines the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy among tuberculosis patients.Methods: This protocol study determines the effectiveness of tobacco smoking cessation rates among pulmonary tuberculosis patients on nicotine replacement treatment. The secondary objectives are to determine the relationship between smoking cessation and tuberculosis treatment outcome and the determinants of smoking cessation. This CONSORT 2010 checklist-based, placebo controlled, block- randomized, double-arm, single blind trial will be experimented between March 2019 and August 2022 in Mangaluru, India, with a sample size of 300 in both the arms. The intervention group will be prescribed with nicotine polacrilex chewing gums along with brief advice and the control group with brief advice and sugar-free chewing gum as a placebo for three months in a tapered dose with 3 months of follow-up. The binary outcome of reported status of smoking the participants will be confirmed by urine cotinine qualitative test at the start and end of the trial apart from monthly carbon monoxide monitoring and Fagerstorm scoring. Ethical clearance is obtained from Nitte University.Discussion: The collected information will be summarized by using frequencies and percentages for qualitative data, mean and standard deviation for quantitative data. To compare the outcome measures, quantitative, before and after intervention, paired-t test will be used. If the study has missing data more than 10% of the total sample size as expected during sample size calculation, Pattern-Mixture Model within a mixed-effects logistic regression model for longitudinal dichotomous data will be used. The significance of this study is to gather further evidence nicotine replacement therapy as an appropriate technology in primary care settings and further upwards by conducting the trial in actual healthcare settings. Trial registration: The trial is registered prospectively with the Clinical Trials Registry of India vide CTRI/2018/11/016457 dated 28/11/2018.

Determinants of persistent smoking after acute myocardial infarction: an observational study

BackgroundSmoking cessation is one of the most effective secondary prevention measures after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, around 50% of smokers do not quit smoking after AMI. The aim of the present study is to estimate the proportion of patients quitting smoking and to identify determinants of persistent smoking after AMI in a region with increased cardiovascular mortality. We also assessed the time of smoking cessation after AMI.MethodsWe used follow-up data of patients registered with the Regional Myocardial Infarction Registry in Saxony-Anhalt (RHESA) in Germany. We assessed smoking status and determinants of persistent smoking six weeks after discharge from hospital after AMI. Information on smoking, sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors for AMI, experienced symptoms of AMI, and clinical care were gathered in a computer-assisted telephone interview and questionnaires filled out by study subjects and physicians or study nurses.ResultsOut of 372 smokers at the time of AMI, 191 (51.3%) reported that they quit smoking within six weeks after discharge from hospital after AMI. Strongest determinant of persistent smoking was a previous AMI before the current one (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.10–4.38) and strongest determinants of smoking cessation were experiencing complications in the hospital (0.37, 95%CI 0.12–1.12) and having a life partner (0.56, 95%CI 0.34–0.95). Most individuals who stopped smoking did so during the initial stay in the hospital, before the cardiac rehabilitation (CR).ConclusionsPersistent smoking after AMI and its determinants were similar in our region to previous studies. CR cannot be viewed as determinant of smoking cessation – more likely the same teachable moment induces behavioural change with regard to smoking and participation in CR.

Determinants of Smoking Cessation: A Panel Data Analysis Using HRS

Using longitudinal data of HRS from, this paper analyzes older smokers’ participation decision and cigarettes consumption decisions using two-part and hurdle models with correlated random effects. This study extends the existing literature by incorporating both cigarette prices and health shocks in one unified framework. Our estimates indicate that raising cigarette price plays an effective role in both reducing participation and amount of consumption of cigarettes. Simultaneously, health shocks like diagnosed heart diseases and cancers are found to raise the probability to quit smoking substantially, which verifies the curative aspect of quitting behavior in the elderly. However, if the smoker does not quit even after a health shock, the shock shows a weak effect in reducing smoking intensity. By a decomposition analysis, we show that whereas both health shocks and cigarette prices explain the reduction in smoking prevalence, increases in cigarette prices are main reasons for the drop in smoking intensity over the period of 1992-2010.

How to implement a successful smoking cessation intervention for adolescents?

Abstract Background Policies and programs implemented to promote smoking cessation among youth present disparate results. These variations are explained by interventions themselves but also by context, population and implementation characteristics. Our objective was to analyze these factors, related to enrollment and participation in a smoking cessation program, implemented in vocational or technical schools. Methods Population factors were studied by a systematic review about determinants of smoking cessation among 10-24 years old, updating a previous one. Contextual and implementation factors were identified by a qualitative multiple cases study. A smoking cessation program, TABADO, had been implemented in 3 regions in France, in 10 vocational or technical schools (1 school/1 case). Data collection included 51 observations, 46 semi-structured interviews, and 3 interdisciplinary seminars. Results The review identified 46 factors probably or possibly related to a successful smoking cessation, both individual (e.g. smoking frequency) and collective (e.g. relationship smoking status, anti-tobacco legislation). The case study allowed us to objectify positive or negative factors that influence the enrollment and the participation in the program (e.g. presence of a referent in the school, combination with the school program). Finally, we identified prerequisites to gather before starting such a program. Conclusions This mixt design highlights factors on which we must focus to increase the success of a smoking cessation program for youth. A key factor is to tailor intervention and implementation modalities to the local context. Results enabled us to product a pragmatic guide, TABADO 2, which is now used in a national scaling process. They also will be used to build an intervention theory, which could be used for any smoking cessation intervention for youth. Acknowledgments: The TABADO IDF study group, Inca, the région Lorraine and the ARS Nouvelle-Aquitaine for their financial support. Key messages A smoking cessation program must be a global strategy, considering contextual, population and organizational factors. Instead of trying to strictly apply a protocol, a complex intervention must be tailored to the context in which it is implemented.

Quitting smoking: experiences from the Southwestern region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Tobacco a huge global public health problem with 1.3 billion smokers worldwide contributed to 8.8% of all deaths and 4.1% of DALYs. Current prevalence of tobacco in Saudi is 12.1% considering the extent of tobacco smoking as a health issue. Objective: This study aims to find out the smoking patterns, quitting trials and determinants of smoking cessation among smokers in Aseer region. Methods: This study was conducted in six main antismoking clinics located in Abha city, Aseer region using a purposive sampling technique, this medical-record based, retrospective cohort study included data of all smokers (695) who attended the centers for the sake of quitting smoking. Results: A small percentage (12.8%) had successfully quit smoking i.e. they were smoking free for more than one year. A large proportion (78.3%) reported a previous attempt to quit smoking. Among those who tried to quit smoking, the number of trials ranged from to 1 to 6 times with an average of 2.34 ± 1.46 times and a median of 2 times. The average age of those trying to quit smoking (30.69+10.18 years) was significantly (t=2.127, P=0.034) lower than the corresponding figures of those who did not (32.69 ± 10.31 y). Conclusion: A good proportion of the respondents have a desire to quit and attempts quitting. The tobacco control program in Saudi Arabia has made great efforts with setting up of smoking cessation clinics that are manned with family physicians.

Determinants of smoking cessation and abstinence in a Russian smoking-cessation center.

INTRODUCTIONSmoking prevalence in Russia is one of the highest in the world. It leads to significant damage to the National Health Service. The purpose of the present research was to assess the effectiveness of a qualified smoking-cessation (SC) center in Moscow, and to identify the main determinants of smoking cessation.METHODSThe subjects of this study were a cohort of smokers (n=524) who had attended the SC service in Moscow between 2012-2015. They were followed, for at least 6 months after receiving the professional counselling in smoking cessation, to assess the results of the assistance and to identify determinants of successful smoking cessation.RESULTSOf the smokers, 19% succeeded in reducing by more than half the number of smoked cigarettes, more than 46% of patients completely stopped smoking for different terms: 38% for more than a month and 24% for more than half a year. Odds ratios (ORs) indicated that the probability of successful smoking cessation significantly increased if there was a previous success in smoking cessation: OR 3.71 (95% CI 1.70-8.12); and if there was a high level of motivation to stop smoking OR 4.3 (95% CI 1.92-5.61). The probability of successful smoking cessation decreased with intensity of smoking > 10 cigarettes a day: OR 0.57 (95% CI 0.31-1.02); and an elevated (>7 points) Fagerström-test score OR 0.64 (95% CI 0.37-1.07).CONCLUSIONSDegree of motivation and willingness to quit smoking were the principal determinants of the effectiveness in the attempt to quit smoking within our study cohort.

What are the predictors of success in smoking cessation program?

Smoking is the most important avoidable cause of morbidity and premature mortality in the European Union and other countries. Identification of individual characteristics that predict success in smoking cessation is highly desirable. Psychological determinants of smoking cessation, especially depression and anxiety disorders are associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, a higher rate of nicotine dependence, and elevated withdrawal symptoms. In this study, we aimed to identify the determinants that effect the smoking cessation program success. We scanned 232 patient files, who attended between February 2016–June 2016 in Smoking Cessation Program in a State Hospital. The patients who have applied at least two times to unit were included to study. Phone calls were done 6 months after first admission to check the status of smoking. Then we compared sociodemographic characteristics, nicotine dependence levels and psychological symptoms of patients. Sociodemographic Data Form, Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Scale and Symptom Check List-90 were done with every patient. It is important to determine the predictors to quit smoking for smoking cessation program. In many studies, the level of nicotine dependence has been identified as the main predictor of successful smoking cessation. It is known that the psychiatric co-morbidity is related with low success in this program. Determining psychiatric co-morbidity and treating this will be effective for success of smoking cessation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

THE DETERMINANT OF SMOKING CESSATION BEHAVIOR AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Smoking among women is one of particular concern for the maternal and child health community due to the strong association between prenatal smoking and adverse birth outcomes. Pregnancy is perceived to be a unique reason for smoking cessation, as a motivation to care the unborn fetus. This study aimed to find out the determinants of smoking cessation among pregnant women. Method that we use in this study is systematic review. We identified relevant studies by searching on science database online through SAGE journals, Proquest, Scopus, Emerald, JSTOR, and Spingerlink. Journals were screened by title and abstract according to the research topic then filtered using the criteria exclusion and inclusion. And then we do critical appraisal. The results of the four studies reviewed were found that the determinant of smoking cessation are parity, level of education, socioeconomic status, household SHS exposure, smoking habits of both parents, partner smoking status, psychological factors, antenatal care, intervention for health care provider, age smoking duration. The factor most strongly associated with smoking cessation is Husband’s Smoking Behavior (OR 0.98; Cl 0.97–0.99). The results of this study are expected to give advice for develop future smoking cessation and relapse prevention programs.

Determinants of Smoking Cessation - Counseling Practices among Primary Health Care Physicians in Riyadh Military Hospital Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with Special Reference to Their Smoking Status

Determinants of Smoking Cessation - Counseling Practices among Primary Health Care Physicians in Riyadh Military Hospital Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with Special Reference to Their Smoking Status

Smoking cessation during pregnancy and relapse after childbirth in Canada.

This analysis was undertaken to determine the rates and determinants of smoking cessation during pregnancy and smoking relapse after childbirth in Canada. We used data from the Maternity Experiences Survey, a cross-sectional study of mothers who gave birth to a singleton baby in Canada in 2006. A total of 1586 mothers who smoked occasionally or daily before pregnancy were included in the analysis. The rate of smoking cessation during pregnancy was 53.0% (95% CI 50.3% to 55.7%). Higher pre-pregnancy smoking frequency, Inuit origin, being aged ≥ 35 years, lower education, not attending prenatal classes, lack of social support, stress before or during pregnancy, and living with a smoker were independently associated with higher risk of continued smoking, while First Nations (off-reserve) origin was associated with a lower risk. Among those who had quit smoking, 47.1% (95% CI 43.5% to 50.6%) relapsed postpartum. Living with a smoker, not having breastfed, and having stopped breastfeeding were independently associated with a higher risk of relapse. This study highlights the need to tailor smoking cessation and prevention interventions for some high-risk groups of women.

Time perspective as a determinant of smoking cessation in four countries: Direct and mediated effects from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) 4-Country Surveys

BackgroundFuture oriented time perspective predicts a number of important health behaviors and outcomes, including smoking cessation. However, it is not known how future orientation exerts its effects on such outcomes, and no large scale cross-national studies have examined the question prospectively. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the relationship between time perspective and success in smoking cessation, and social cognitive mediators of the association. MethodsThe ITC-4 is a multi-wave, four country survey (Australia, Canada, United States, United Kingdom) of current smokers (N=9772); the survey includes baseline measurements of time perspective, intentions, quit attempts, and self-reported quit status at follow-up over 8years. We examined the predictive power of time perspective for smoking cessation, as mediated through strength of quit intentions and prior history of quit attempts. ResultsFindings indicated that those smokers with a stronger future orientation at baseline were more likely to have successfully quit at follow-up. This effect was partially explained by intention-mediated effects of future orientation on quit attempts. ConclusionsFuture orientation predicts smoking cessation across four English-speaking countries; the cessation-facilitating effects of future orientation may be primarily due to future oriented individuals' motivated and sustained involvement in the quit cycle over time.

A comparison of time-varying covariates in two smoking cessation interventions for cardiac patients

The aim of the study was to explore the time-varying contribution of social cognitive determinants of smoking cessation following an intervention on cessation. Secondary analyses were performed on data from two comparable randomized controlled trials on brief smoking cessation interventions for cardiac in- and outpatients. Cox regression with time-varying covariates was applied to examine the predictive cognitions for smoking cessation over time. Both samples showed self-efficacy and intention-to-quit to be strong time-varying indicators of smoking cessation during the full 1-year follow-up period, and during the post-treatment phase in particular. Less consistently, time-varying cons of quitting and social influence were also found to be associated with smoking cessation, depending on the sample and type of intervention. Self-efficacy and intention-to-quit were the major covariates and positively related to smoking cessation over time among cardiac patients, in line with social-cognitive theories. Interestingly, both cognitive constructs appeared to act with some delay. Apparently, smoking cessation is a lengthy process in which the interplay between self-efficacy (and intention indirectly) and quitting behavior will largely determine long-term maintenance of abstinence. The presented time-varying analyses seem a valid and feasible way to underpin trajectories of cognitions in datasets with a limited number of time intervals.

Predictors of long-term smoking cessation: results from the global adult tobacco survey in Poland (2009–2010)

BackgroundExpanding the information on determinants of smoking cessation is crucial for developing and implementing more effective tobacco control measures at the national as well as European levels. Data on smoking cessation and its social correlates among adults from middle-income countries of Central and Eastern Europe are still poorly reported in the literature. The aim of the study was to analyze the association of socio-demographic indicators with long term tobacco smoking cessation (quit smoking for at least one year prior to interview) among adults. Moreover, we evaluated motives for giving up smoking from former smokers.MethodsData on former as well as current smokers’ socio-demographic and smoking-related characteristics were derived from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). GATS is a cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey implemented in Poland between 2009 and 2010. GATS collected data on a representative sample of 7,840 individuals including 1,206 individuals who met the criteria of long-term smoking cessation and 2,233 current smokers. Smoking cessation rate was calculated as the number of former smokers divided by the number of ever smokers. Logistic regression analyses were used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the broad number of variables on successful cessation of smoking.ResultsAmong females the quit rate was 30.4% compared to 37.9% in males (p < 0.01). Former smokers declared concerns about the health hazard of smoking (60.8%) and the high price of cigarettes (11.6%) as primary reasons for smoking cessation. Older age, high education attainment, awareness of smoking health consequences was associated with long-term quitting among both genders. Also employed males had over twice the probability of giving up smoking compared with unemployed, and being religious did not contribute to successful smoking cessation.ConclusionResults indicated that smoking cessation policies focused on younger age groups are vital for curbing tobacco epidemic in Poland and should become a public health main concern. There is also the need for interventions to raise awareness on smoking health risks and quitting benefits are crucial to increase cessation potential among adult smokers. Nevertheless further effort needs to be done to prevent smoking uptake.

Smoking Cessation Behavior in Male Portuguese Californians

The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of smoking cessation in a sample of male Portuguese Californians using data from the Portuguese Study, a dissertation thesis study with a crosssectional design that assessed 141 smokers and 67 ex-smokers of Portuguese origin residing in Southern and Central California recruited from Portuguese community clubs. Socio-demographics, acculturation, health beliefs, stress, and social support for smoking cessation were assessed and measured in this population. Bivariate predictors of becoming an ex-smoker were being married (p=.01), having a high support index for not smoking (p

An analysis of life‐course smoking behavior in China

With a total population of more than 1.3 billion people where more than 31% of adults smoke, China has become the world's largest producer and consumer of cigarettes. We adopt a life-course perspective to study the economics of smoking behavior in China. We use data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) to follow individuals over their whole lives and to analyze their decisions to both start and stop smoking. We extend the small but growing body of economic research on smoking in China. Our life-course approach emphasizes that current smoking participation reflects a decision to start and a series of past decisions to not quit. We explore how the determinants of smoking initiation differ from the determinants of smoking cessation. We find results, consistent with some previous empirical evidence, that Chinese smoking is not strongly related to the price of cigarettes. Based on our results, we offer some speculative hypotheses that, we hope, might guide future research on the economics of smoking in China. It seems especially useful to compare the broad patterns we document with the experiences of other countries.

Smoking among pregnant women in Cantabria (Spain): trend and determinants of smoking cessation

BackgroundCantabria (Spain) has one of the highest prevalence of smoking among women of the European Union. The objectives are to assess the trend of smoking during pregnancy in a five-year period and the determinants of smoking cessation during pregnancy in Cantabria.MethodsA 1/6 random sample of all women delivering at the reference hospital of the region for the period 1998–2002 was drawn, 1559 women. Information was obtained from personal interview, clinical chart, and prenatal care records. In the analysis relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Multivariable analysis was carried out using stepwise logistic regression.ResultsSmoking prior to pregnancy decreased from 53.6% in 1998 to 39.4% in 2002. A decrease in smoking cessation among women smoking at the beginning of pregnancy was observed, from 37.3% in 1998 to 20.6% in 2002. The mean number of cigarettes/day (cig/d) before pregnancy remained constant, around 16 cig/d, whereas a slight trend to increase over time was seen, from 7.7 to 8.9 cig/d. In univariate analysis two variables favoured significantly smoking cessation, although they were not included in the stepwise logistic regression analysis, a higher education level and to be married. The logistic regression model included five significant predictors (also significant in univariate analysis): intensity of smoking, number of previous pregnancies, partner's smoking status, calendar year of study period (these four variables favoured smoking continuation), and adequate prenatal care (which increased smoking cessation).ConclusionThe frequency of smoking among pregnant women is very high in Cantabria. As smoking cessation rate has decreased over time, a change in prenatal care programme on smoking counseling is needed. Several determinants of smoking cessation, such as smoking before pregnancy and partner's smoking, should be also addressed by community programmes.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Predictors of Smoking Cessation

Racial/ethnic differences in the determinants of smoking cessation could have important treatment implications. The current study examined racial/ethnic differences in smoking cessation, prospective predictors of cessation, and whether the predictive ability of these factors differed by race/ethnicity. Participants were 709 employed adults recruited through the National Rural Electric Co-op Association or through natural gas pipeline corporations. Data were collected in 1990 and 1994. Although race/ethnicity was not predictive of abstinence, Hispanic, African American, and White smokers displayed differential on tobacco-, alcohol-, and work-related variables. These racial/ethnic differences highlight the specific factors that should be considered when providing smoking cessation treatment to specific populations. Limitations are noted.