Determinants Of Psychological Well-being Research Articles

Gratitude as a Determinant of Psychological Well-Being in Adolescents: an Islamic Psychology Perspective

The psychological well-being of teenagers is still relatively low because teenagers are entering a period of searching for their identity, so teenagers are very vulnerable to their psychological well-being. This research aimed to find out the influence of gratitude on psychological well-being in adolescents. This research used a quantitative type of research with a survey approach. The total research respondents were 358 taken by using the Convenience Sampling Technique with the characteristics: 1) Adolescents aged 16-20 years; 2) Domicile in Palembang; 3) Willing to be a research respondent. The measuring instruments were Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (RPWB) (1989), and The Gratitude Questionnaire Six Item Form (GQ-6) (2002). The research data collection method used an online survey with Google Form platform. The data analysis method used Pearson's Correlations Technique with JASP (Jeffrey's Amazing Statistics Program) version 0.18. The study concluded that there was a significant influence of gratitude on psychological well-being in adolescents (p = <0.001). The higher the level of gratitude in teenagers, the higher the psychological well-being of teenagers. The contribution of gratitude to psychological well-being was 21.1%.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Alexithymia, and Defense Mechanisms Among Medical Students of Northeastern Iran

Background: Defense mechanisms are essential to personality and behavior that help individuals deal with stress. These mechanisms might act in different ways, rendering medical students caring physicians or egoistic individuals, and thus, a good understanding of defense mechanisms can contribute to the efforts made to improve the psychological well-being of medical students. Objectives: We studied the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and alexithymia as determinants of psychological well-being and the mechanisms by which medical students might cope with stress and anxiety. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 medical students, 126 (60%) females and 96 (40%) males, in northeast Iran. Data were collected through GAD-7, the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (FTAS-20), and the Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40). Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS 22.0. Pearson's chi-square test, bivariate correlations, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to identify associations between GAD, alexithymia, and defense mechanisms. Results: A total of 87 (37.5%) participants showed moderate to severe anxiety. Alexithymia was detected in 49 (21%) participants. Mature defense mechanisms had the highest prevalence among participants (56.5%), while immature mechanisms had the least (23.3%). A significant positive correlation was noted between GAD and alexithymia. Also, GAD was positively correlated with immature and neurotic defense mechanisms (P < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between mature defense mechanisms and GAD (P < 0.001). Suppression and humor (mature mechanisms) were the negative predictors of GAD. Reaction formation, somatization, autistic fantasy, splitting, passive aggression, displacement, and pseudo-altruism (an immature and neurotic mechanism) were the positive predictors of GAD. Conclusions: The statistically significant correlations found among GAD, alexithymia, and defense mechanisms suggest that a good understanding of these conditions and mechanisms can contribute to alleviating anxiety among medical students and improving their psychological well-being.

Islamic Civilizations and Plagues: The Role of Religion, Faith and Psychology During Pandemics.

The current study seeks to analyze Muslim experiences of communicative diseases with a focus on the psychosocial impacts and public, communal, and personal responses of Muslim populations throughout history. By examining a selection of plague outbreaks between the 8-19th centuries across the lands broadly defined as the Islamic Mediterranean (Varlık, 2017), the guidelines and coping mechanisms that Muslims extracted from their traditional sources are highlighted. This historical perspective contributes to a better understanding of the psychological and social aspects of pandemics for theMuslim community, specifically for the role played by faith and spirituality as determinants of psychological well-being in Muslims' perceptions and responses. We suggest that such an understanding is especially useful for contemporary mental health practitioners working with Muslim patients through the global COVID-19 pandemic.

Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognitive Function with Psychological Well-Being in School-Aged Children.

Background: Promotion of psychological well-being (PWB) is an emerging social, educational, and health objective, especially for school-aged children. Few studies have examined key correlates and determinants of PWB in school-aged children. This study aimed to examine associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function with psychological well-being in school-aged children. Methods: The study participants were 752 fourth-grade students (mean age = 9.61 years, SD = 0.608) recruited from six elementary schools. Students took the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run® test to assess their cardiorespiratory fitness, and the d2 Test of Attention to assess concentration performance, attention span, and attention accuracy. They also completed the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale to assess their psychological well-being (PWB). After removing missing values and outliers from the original data set, the final data set, consisting of 689 cases (370 boys vs. 319 girls), was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, multiple linear regression models, and independent sample t-tests. Results: The results indicated that cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function are significant correlates of PWB (r = −0.069, r = 0.161). Further, the results found that cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, attention span, and attention accuracy were significantly collective predictors of psychological well-being (F = 13.299, p = 0.000), accounting for 12% of the total variance. Cardiorespiratory fitness was the most significantly individual predictor of PWB (β = 0.174, p = 0.000), followed by the attention accuracy (β = −0.090, p = 0.031). The Welch’s tests revealed that the high-PWB group scored significantly higher than the low-PWB group in cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, and attention accuracy (t = 4.093, p = 0.000, Cohen’s d = 0.310; t = 3.340, p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.256; t = −2.958, p = 0.003, Cohen’s d = 0.130). Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function are significant correlates and predictors of PWB among school-aged children. The students with a higher level of psychological well-being showed a higher cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, and attention accuracy compared to the lower level of PWB group.

Determinants of psychological well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic among “people living with HIV/AIDS” in India

ABSTRACT Using survey data on 647 “people living with HIV/AIDS” (PLHIV) respondents from India, we examine the association between human, economic, and social capital and psychological well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic, and whether pandemic-induced job and financial insecurity are significant stressors. We find that among human capital indicators, family health status results in a more positive mental state and fewer personal conflicts among PLHIV while having more working-age adults in the household results in more conflict. With regards to economic capital, PLHIV in salaried jobs and self-employment have a less positive mental state compared to those in daily wage work. Compared to daily wage workers, those in salaried jobs and self-employment exhibit lower addictive behavior. Self-employed PLHIV respondents also engage in fewer conflicts with their significant other. We do not find any correlation between social capital and psychological well-being. Job and financial insecurity are negatively associated with psychological well-being. While job insecurity is associated with an increase in addictive behavior, financial insecurity increases the likelihood of more frequent personal conflicts. We conclude that there is a need for greater economic and psychological support from institutions, community, and family to assuage the pandemic-induced psychological distress among PLHIV. ABBREVIATIONS: ART: antiretroviral treatment; GSNP+: Gujarat State Network of Positive People; MHI: mental health inventory; OBC: other backward castes; PLHIV: people living with HIV/AIDS; SC: scheduled castes; SD: standard deviation; ST: scheduled tribes

ОТНОШЕНИЕ КО ВРЕМЕНИ И СВОЕМУ ВОЗРАСТУ ВО ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ С ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЕМ И САМООЦЕНКОЙ ЗДОРОВЬЯ НА ЭТАПЕ ПОЗДНЕГО ОНТОГЕНЕЗА

The aim of the work is to study time perspective and subjective age as determinants of psychological well-being and health-related life quality of people at the late ontogenesis stage, leading a different lifestyle. Based on the results of the ZPTI Questionnaire (F. Zimbardo), «Age-of-me» (B. Barak), SF-36 «Health status survey» and «Psychological well-being Scales» (К. Riff) the features of the time perspective, subjective age, health self-assessment and psychological well-being are analyzed in groups of pensioners (58–93 years old) leading a different lifestyle: elderly non-working people who receive home-based social services and elderly non-working people which lead an active lifestyle. It is shown that the categories «time perspective» and «subjective age» express a person’s attitude to time, but relate to different aspects of individuality. Subjective age is more connected with the assessment of physical health status — the physical component of health-related life quality. Time perspective is more connected with personal characteristics — psychological component of health-related life quality; psychological well-being. Self-assessment of health and psychological well-being are closely correlated with the attitude to the present and the past. While the future is in a zone of high uncertainty. The younger the subjective age, the higher the indicators of psychological well-being and health-related life quality. An active lifestyle is a resource that allows pensioners to assess biological and social subjective age younger, be more future-oriented, and have higher indicators of health-related life quality. Health limitations and home lifestyle observed in a reduced health self-assessment and close correlations of all the variables studied. The 65–74 years period, compared to the 58–64 and 75–93 years periods, is characterized by higher indicators of life quality, psychological well-being and the predominance of a balanced time perspective. The main changes in the late-aged people life begin after the age of 75: a decrease in all indicators of health-related life quality and psychological well-being (except for «Autonomy»), as well as an increased focus on the «Fatalistic Present». Thus, the research shows the correlations between attitude to time and age and psychological well-being and health self-assessment. There is almost no study of subjective age in our country. Therefore our work allows us to expand knowledge about subjective age in the Russian sample.

Personality and Resilience as Determinants of Psychological Well-being among Military Children

The military children are a population who are susceptible to psychological stress from the hardships of military life, such as frequent moves and separation from their parents during deployment. Military children are resilient as well as stress prone at the same time. Whilefrequent moves build resilience, combat deployments of their parents makes them vulnerable to the risks associated with psychological and emotional health, attachment problems and coping while overcoming traumatic grief due to death of a family member. The risk is highestright after the military personnel leaves for deployment and immediately upon return. In order to understand the psychological health of children of military personnel, it is important to understand their resilience and personality in relation to psychological well-being. In addition to being a personal trait, resilience is a product of the relationships between children and the resources around them. Despite needs to better understand the impact of deployment on military children and families and to provide proper support for them, rigorous research is deficient. A comprehensive approach based on strengths and problems, of military children and families, with a focus on the prevention, is the need of the hour. The present paper focuses on study of personality and resilience as determinants of psychological well-being. The study was conducted on military children (N= 124) of Army Public School, using HEXACO-PI, Brief Resilience Scale and Psychological Wellbeing Scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results and implications are discussed in the paper. Issues in need of further research are emphasized, especially research into programs that assist military children and families.

Determinants of psychological well-being in axial spondyloarthritis: an analysis based on linked claims and patient-reported survey data

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the psychological well-being and to analyse factors associated with depressive symptoms in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodsA stratified random sample of subjects with a...

Information needs, accessibility and utilization of library information resources as determinants of psychological well-being of prison inmates in Nigeria

This paper investigated information needs, accessibility and utilization of library information resources as determinants of psychological well-being of prison inmates in Nigeria. Survey research design of the correlation type was adopted. The stratified random sampling was used to select 2875 inmates from the population of 4,823 in 12 prisons with functional libraries. A questionnaire titled Information need, accessibility, utilization and psychological well-being of Prison Inmates was used to collect data on the sampled 2875 inmates out of which 2759 correctly completed questionnaire resulting in a response rate of 95.34%, were used in data analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentages, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of correlation analyses. The study found that there was significant multiple correlation among information needs, accessibility to library information resources, utilization of library information resources and psychological well-being of the inmates (r=0.665.p≤ 0.05). Also, there was significant relationship between: psychological well-being and accessibility to library information resources by prison inmates (r=0.438; p≤ 0.05); utilization of library information resources (r= .410; p≤05), and information needs (r=.454; p≤ 05). Result also indicated that information needs, accessibility to library information resources and utilization of library information resources are very critical ingredients in determining the psychological well-being of prison inmates. Consequently, all stakeholders should endeavour to equip prison libraries with relevant and current information resources for improved psychological well-being of prison inmates. article. Keywords: Psychological well-being. Information needs. Accessibility. Utilization. Library Information Resources. Prison inmates. NigeriaLink: http://www2.marilia.unesp.br/revistas/index.php/bjis/article/view/5034

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF REPRODUCTIVE NORMATIVITY

Статья посвящена исследованию репродуктивной нормативности в контексте её связи с психологическим благополучием личности. В ходе теоретического анализа впервые приводится определение репродуктивной нормативности (далее – РН), рассматривается проблема соотношения её объективного и субъективного компонентов как детерминанты психологического благополучия личности. Представлена и обоснована одна из возможных типологий РН, отражающая наиболее распространённые типы репродуктивного поведения современных россиян: 1) высокая РН («Абсолютная норма»); 2) средне-высокая РН («Семья с ненормативным прошлым»); 3) средне-низкая РН («Одинокое родительство»); 4) низкая РН («Отсутствие семьи и детей»). Обнаружено наличие разной степени согласованности между объективным и субъективным компонентами в рамках выделенных типов РН. Наибольшая согласованность наблюдается в группах с высокой и низкой РН, наименьшая – в группе одиноких родителей. Установлено, что рассогласованность между компонентами РН связана с меньшим психологическим благополучием личности. Так, в «группе риска» оказались одинокие родители (средне-низкая РН): они демонстрируют самые негативные оценки восприятия собственной жизни, самоотношение и самоощущение. Средне-благоприятные, практически идентичные показатели психологического благополучия, обнаружены у респондентов с ненормативным прошлым (средне-высокая РН) и респондентов без семьи и детей (низкая РН): психологические выгоды от наличия семьи и детей нивелируются ненормативным опытом родительства, рассогласованием между желаемым и реальным в реализации семейной жизни. «Заблокированная» родительская роль, таким образом, связана со сходным уровнем психологического благополучия, как и «ненормативно исполненная» роль родителя. Самый высокий уровень психологического благополучия ожидаемо установлен в группе с высокой РН («Абсолютная норма»).

Personality Factors as Determinants of Psychological Well-Being among University Students

Sense of well-being is one of the most important goals which individuals strive for. It affects our perceptions of the external world such that we are able to view it with greater positivity and deal with day to day problems effectively. With an increasingly competitive existence, the pressures and challenges confronting the individual are extremely high, therefore it is difficult to maintain this sense of well-being at all stages of life. Adolescence and early adulthood are particularly demanding, because conflicts relating to quest for identity, concerns for academic success, career and uncertainty about the future all magnify the problems manifold. This is a phase in which several mental health disorders of adulthood appear and affect adjustment in society. Intellectual capacities increase and emotions intensify. The major tasks during this phase include establishing independence, realizing one’s identity and capabilities and preparing for adult self reliance. Psychological well-being has been defined as a dynamic state characterized by a reasonable amount of harmony between an individual’s abilities, needs and expectations, and environmental demands and opportunities (Levi, 1987). It is connotative as a harmonious satisfaction of one’s desires and goals (Chekola, 1975). Since personality is a core factor which determines our reactions and adjustments, psychological-well-being during such a stressed phase as adolescence should be studied within its perspective. It is important that researches which identify factors which contribute to psychological well-being should continue to be conducted in different contexts and with better methodologies. The present research aims to study the personality factors as determinants of psychological well-being amongst university students. Appropriate analysis will be conducted to explore the topic further.

Ecological Determinants of Psychological Well-being of Social Workers

Ecological Determinants of Psychological Well-being of Social Workers

Sense of Coherence as a Determinant of Psychological Well-Being Across Professional Groups of Aid Workers Exposed to War Trauma.

The present study aims to test whether sense of coherence (SOC) acts as a determinant of positive psychological functioning in aid workers directly exposed to warfare. Specifically, we performed multiple regression analyses to compare different groups of aid workers in terms of the effects of SOC and cumulative trauma on their psychological distress. Palestinian helpers, both professional and non-professional ( N = 159) completed three self-reported measures: the General Health questionnaire, Sense of Coherence Scale, and Impact of Events Scale. The findings bear out the predictive power of SOC and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in relation to mental health across different professional groups. In particular, volunteers without a specific professional profile, psychiatrists, medical doctors, and less markedly counselors seemed to protect their mental health through a SOC. Clinical implications and recommendations for training and supervision are discussed.

ДЕТЕРМІНАНТИ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧЧЯ МУЗИКАНТІВ-ПРОФЕСІОНАЛІВ

The article reveals the determinants of psychological well-being of the professional musicians. The term “psychological well-being” and its components is researched. The results of psychodiagnosis research of the peculiarities of the structure of psychological well-being of the professional musicians are given.The article stresses the necessity of early diagnostics and prevention the states of psychological dezadaptaciya of the musicians.

Sustaining a positive altruistic identity in humanitarian aid work: A qualitative case study.

This case study explores the interpersonal and intrapersonal experiences of a single individual who spent more than 35 years in humanitarian aid work. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, one superordinate theme, altruistic identity (AI), emerges. On return home following a humanitarian mission, AI requires (a) strong perception of empathic validation for intimate reintegration and (b) self-acceptance of personal involvement. However, AI disruption is related to (a) a perception of rejection or weak empathic validation for intimate reintegration and (b) self-blame leading to isolation from intimate others. With AI disruption, validation is alternately sought from humanitarian colleagues and/or by returning to the field. Results suggest that postmission reintegration processes are important determinants of psychological well-being. The authors also discuss the organization's role in addressing the psychosocial care of their staff on return from mission to reduce long-term social disruption and p...

Psychosocial factors during the first year after a coronary heart disease event in cases and referents. Secondary Prevention in Uppsala Primary Health Care Project (SUPRIM)

BackgroundA large number of studies have reported on the psychosocial risk factor pattern prior to coronary heart disease events, but few have investigated the situation during the first year after an event, and none has been controlled. We therefore performed a case-referent study in which the prevalence of a number of psychosocial factors was evaluated.MethodsThree hundred and forty-six coronary heart disease male and female cases no more than 75 years of age, discharged from hospital within the past 12 months, and 1038 referents from the general population, matched to the cases by age, sex and place of living, received a postal questionnaire in which information on lifestyle, psychosocial and quality of life measures were sought.ResultsThe cases were, as expected, on sick leave to a larger extent than the referents, reported poorer fitness, poorer perceived health, fewer leisure time activities, but unexpectedly reported better social support, and more optimistic views of the future than the referents. There were no significant case-referent differences in everyday life stress, stressful life events, vital exhaustion, depressive mood, coping or life orientation test. However, women reported less favourable situations than men regarding stressful life events affecting others, vital exhaustion, depressive mood, coping, self-esteem, sleep, and symptom reporting, and female cases reported the most unfavourable situation of all groups.ConclusionIn this first controlled study of the situation during the first year after a CHD event disease and gender status both appeared to be determinants of psychological well-being, with gender status apparently the strongest. This may have implications for cardiac rehabilitation programmes.

Psychological Well-Being Correlates with Free Thyroxine But Not Free 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Levels in Patients on Thyroid Hormone Replacement

An association between mood disorders and overt thyroid dysfunction is well established, but there are few data on the potential for thyroid hormone levels closer to the reference range to correlate with psychological well-being. We analyzed the relationship between psychological well-being and free T(4) (fT4), free T(3) (fT3), TSH, and total rT(3) in 697 patients on thyroid hormone replacement therapy at entry to a randomized, controlled trial of combined T(4) and T(3) replacement therapy. All patients were on 100 mug or more T(4). Psychological well-being was assessed with General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Thyroid Symptom Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. fT(4) and TSH showed a strong correlation with GHQ-12 scores (fT4 - b: -0.16, P = 0.005; TSH - b: 0.663, P = 0.04). No correlations were seen between the GHQ scores and fT3 (b: 0.318, P = 0.275), rT(3) (b: 0.095, P = 0.95), rT(3) to fT4 ratio (b: 71.83, P = 0.09) or fT3 to rT(3) ratio (b: 0.05, P = 0.32). The correlations remained when the data set was limited to patients with TSH in the range 0.3-4.0 mIU/liter. Similar correlations were seen with the Thyroid Symptom Questionnaire, although not with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores. Differences in fT4 and TSH concentration, even within the reference range, may be a determinant of psychological well-being in treated hypothyroid patients although not necessarily with symptoms typical of anxiety or depression.

Beyond demand and control: The contribution of organizational risk factors in assessing the psychological well-being of health care employees

The job demand–control(–support) model is frequently used as a theoretical framework in studies on determinants of psychological well-being. Consequently, these studies are confined to the impact of job characteristics on worker outcomes. In the present study the relation between work conditions and outcomes (job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, psychological distress, and somatic complaints) is examined from a broader organizational perspective. This paper reports on an analysis that examines both the unique and the additional contribution of organizational characteristics to well-being indicators, beyond those attributed to job characteristics. A total of 706 care staff from three public residential institutions for people with mental or physical disabilities in the Netherlands took part in this research. To assess organizational risk factors a measurement instrument was developed, the organizational Risk Factors Questionnaire (ORFQ), based on the safety-critical factors of the Tripod accident causation model. Factor analyses and reliability testing resulted in a 52-item scale consisting of six reliable sub-scales: staffing resources, communication, social hindrance, training opportunities, job skills, and material resources. These organizational risk factors explained important parts of the variance in each of the outcome measures, beyond that accounted for by demographic variables and job demand–control–support (JDCS) measures. Communication and training opportunities were of central importance to carers’ job satisfaction. Social hindrance, job skills, and material resources explained a substantial amount of unique variance on the negative outcomes investigated.

Migration, Culture Conflict and Psychological Well-being among TurkishBritish Married Couples

This study assessed culture conflict within marriage and the psychological well-being of Turkish men and women and their British partners. The hypothesis was tested that among migrants who are well established economically and socially within a new country, the perception of cultural conflict within marriage might override acculturation as a determinant of psychological well-being. Interviews were carried out with 33 relatively affluent Turkish men (n = 23) and women (n = 10) who had been born in Turkey and had been resident in the UK for an average of 12.2 - 6.2 years, and with their British partners. A marital cultural difficulties index was constructed from ratings of problems stemming from cultural differences in 22 aspects of daily living. Depression, assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, was correlated with marital cultural difficulties in both Turkish and British respondents, independently of sex, age and duration of marriage. Depression scores were higher among respondents who reported greater cultural conflict. No associations of psychological well-being with acculturation (indexed by maintenance of traditional Turkish activities), age, years of marriage, or level of contact with Turkey were observed. The results highlight the implications of residual cultural conflict within mixed marriages for psychological well-being.

Determinants of psychological well-being in Irish immigrants.

Immigration accounts for nearly half of the U.S. population growth in the past 20 years, and this trend is expected to continue. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between demographics, resilience, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being among Irish immigrants. Employing a cross-sectional design, a sample of 100 Irish immigrants completed the Demographic and Migration Questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, the Migration Quality of Life Scale, and the General Well-Being Schedule. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the association of psychological well-being with demographics, resilience, and life satisfaction. Findings revealed that number of annual health care appointments, higher resilience, and greater life satisfaction were the strongest predictors of psychological well-being.