Determinants Of Farmers Research Articles

Commodity association’s roles and determinants of farmers’ participation in their climate change adaptation activities in Sierra Leone

ABSTRACT This paper examined the commodity association’s roles and determinants of farmers’ participation in climate change adaptation in Sierra Leone. The three most prominent commodity associations were purposively selected due to membership size and the diversity of services rendered to members, which was followed by random selection of elected leaders to give a sample size of 140. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and subjected to percentages and Probit regression analysis. The results show that the majority of the respondents across the crop, fishery and livestock commodity associations are middle-aged, male, with no formal education, married, high awareness of climate change, high incidence of climate change activities and low socioeconomic status. The use of community radios to present programs on climate adaptation techniques to members across different commodity associations is the most prominent activity (55.67%). Other major prominent climate adaptation activities of commodity associations are community mobilisation (53%), community seed multiplication (52.33%), diversification of livelihoods (50.67%) and workshops (50%). The determinants of participation in community associations’ climate adaptation activities are age, gender, socioeconomic status, education, socioeconomic status, climate change incidence, farming system factors and climate change awareness. The commodity associations are thus enhancing climate adaptation through services and activities to their members.

Determinants of farmers’ willingness to pay for crop insurance in Ankober Woreda, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Determinants of farmers’ willingness to pay for crop insurance in Ankober Woreda, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Determinants of Farmers' Awareness and Perspectives on Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana in Southern Tamil Nadu, India

Farmers in India face numerous risks that significantly impact their crop production, highlighting the need for effective crop insurance. Recognizing the limitations of the existing crop insurance system, the Government of India initiated the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) during the Kharif 2016 season. This scheme offers competitive premiums and favourable terms, yet coverage of farmers remains low. This study investigates the factors influencing the farmers’ awareness and perceptions of the PMFBY scheme. The survey was conducted to collect primary data from 350 cotton farmers in Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu. Findings reveal that while farmers have partial awareness of various aspects of crop insurance, they are generally informed about premiums and procedural requirements. The probit model analysis identifies that education, organizational membership, mass media exposure, and extension contacts have a positive influence on farmers' awareness levels. However, negative perceptions persist, particularly concerning delayed claims, inadequate compensation, and high premium rates. This study recommends the implementation of government-led awareness programs designed to educate and cultivate greater awareness among farmers regarding crop insurance and its benefits. Such initiatives could enhance demand for crop insurance to mitigate the adverse impacts and ensure greater sustainability of farmers' livelihoods.

Analysis of the Feasibility of Eco-enzyme Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) Business in Sumber Jaya Farmer Group, Puring District, Kebumen Regency

This research was carried out in Sidobunder Village, Puring District, Kebumen Regency. This research was carried out from December 2023 to January 2024. This study aims to analyze the income and feasibility of the eco-enzyme liquid organic fertilizer business in the Sumber Jaya Farmers Group, Puring District, Kebumen Regency from a financial perspective through the calculation of Break Even Point (BEP), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) and Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C). The method used is a survey through observation and direct interviews. The determination of farmers as research respondents was by Purposive Sampling, respondents were taken from 30 farmer members in the Sumber Jaya Farmers Group. This location was chosen because this village is one of the production places for eco-enzyme liquid fertilizers and has the potential for the development of eco-enzyme liquid fertilizers. The data was analyzed using an income analysis model and a financial feasibility analysis. Then the data is tabulated and processed mathematically, through addition, and the averages and percentages are then descriptively described. The results of this study show that the income/year in the Sumber Jaya Farmers Group, Puring District, Kebumen Regency is Rp. 14,447,834 or income/month is Rp. 1,203,986. Based on the feasibility of the eco-enzyme liquid organic fertilizer business in Sumber Jaya Farmers Group, Puring District, Kebumen Regency, it is feasible to be developed financially because of the BEP value of 14,400 bottles with a minimum of 142 bottles. BEP is priced at IDR 10,000 with a minimum price of IDR 8,997/bottle, and an R/C value of 1.11 means that the R/C value is feasible.

Perception and willingness to participate in warehouse receipt system: insights from cashew farmers in the Bono region of Ghana

PurposeThe warehouse receipt system (WRS) is critical for farmers because it addresses agricultural market inefficiencies, provides credit access, reduces postharvest losses and increases access to profitable markets. However, its use and implementation across the commodity value chain remain relatively limited in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among cash crop producers. This study examines cashew farmers' perceptions of WRS implementation and determinants of farmer participation.Design/methodology/approachA total of 153 cashew farmers from the Bono region of Ghana were sampled using a multistage sampling approach. Perception index analysis and Cragg's double hurdle model were used for the analysis.FindingsThe results revealed that farmers strongly perceived that WRS augmented credit and market access. In addition, farm size, household size, annual income, perception of collateral and higher selling price determined farmers' willingness to participate in WRS.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the existence of other cashew farmers in Ghana, the study was limited to cashew farmers in Bono Region.Originality/valueDespite the plethora of benefits of WRS, it is surprising that its implementation in the cashew subsector is geographically limited to East Africa. Thus, this study is the first to provide empirical evidence on the perception of WRS implementation and further examine farmers' willingness to participate in WRS in Ghana.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-12-2023-0946.

Determinants of farmers’ fertilizer use gaps under rice-based cropping systems: Empirical evidence from Eastern Gangetic Plain

Unbalanced fertilizer use is a major reason for crop yield gaps but the fertilizer use gaps (overuse or underuse) are complex to quantify in intensive cropping systems. The quantification of nutrient use gaps relative to government-endorsed fertilizer recommendations could be a measure of the extent to which unbalanced fertilizer contributes to yield gaps, but this is rarely examined especially for intensive cropping systems. We, for the first time, identified the determinants of farmers’ fertilizer use gaps under diverse rice-based cropping system. We have surveyed a total of 412 farms, separated into three farm sizes (small-scale, medium-scale and large-scale farms), in intensive rice-based cropping systems in four diverse Agro-ecological Zones of the Eastern Gangetic Plain. Principal component analysis was used to examine how the explanatory variables related to one another. Then considering the nutrient gaps from both overuse and underuse, the beta regression model was used to identify the determinants of N, P, K and overall nutrient use gaps. The results indicate that gender, education, farm sizes, off-farm income, amount of organic manure used, number of irrigation events, seed, soil and land type, advice from fertilizer dealers and extension agents and purchasing ability of fertilizers at government fixed price are highly influential determinants of farmers’ current N, P, and K use gaps relative to government-endorsed recommendations. Systematic field demonstrations showing benefits of balanced fertilizer use, dissemination of easily understandable soil testing technologies, effective training programs and follow up visits by the extension agents, together with mass community engagement and monitoring of subsidized fertilizer use could achieve greater adoption of balanced fertilizer use practices. Widespread adoption of recommended fertilizer can boost food security and rural livelihoods, minimize environmental losses of nutrients and enhance the economic returns and minimize the considerable expenditure from Govt. treasury.

Determinants of Farmers’ Perceptions towards Socioecological Benefits of Agroforestry Practices in Northwestern Ethiopia

Agroforestry practices provide multiple ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. However, within the local context, local communities hold divergent perceptions regarding the various roles of agroforestry, particularly in the Afrotropical Region. Hence, understanding these drivers is critical for adopting and promoting sustainable agroforestry practices. Here, we examined the factors that influenced farmers’ perceptions towards the socioecological benefits of agroforestry practices. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was applied to select 90 households along an urban-rural gradient. The data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews and analyzed using a descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, general linear model, and redundancy analysis with the help of R software version 4.3.2. The findings showed that approximately 69.7% of the respondents strongly agreed that agroforestry practices had benefits for society and the environment. However, 11.1% were neutral, and the others disagreed. The results of the general linear model analysis showed that household age, agricultural experience, access to land certification books, and training on tree conservation had a significantly positive effect on farmers’ perceptions of the advantages of agroforestry practices. Furthermore, farmers’ perceptions of the benefits of agroforestry in terms of income generation, educational and cultural values, and climate change mitigation were dependent on household age and farming experience. Overall, this study provides useful insights into the drivers of farmers’ perceptions of the advantages of agroforestry practices in Northwest Ethiopia. The findings of this study underscore the need for policymakers and practitioners to consider sociodemographic and institutional factors that influence farmers’ perceptions when developing policies and plans to advance the adoption and promote sustainable management of agroforestry practices. This supports the widespread adoption of agroforestry practices in tropical agroecosystems.

Determinants of Farmers’ Acceptance of the Volumetric Pricing Policy for Irrigation Water: An Empirical Study from China

Volumetric-based pricing for irrigation water was introduced as part of a comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices in China. However, operational deficiencies and farmers’ lack of willingness to adopt the volumetric pricing policy (VPP) hinder the coordinated implementation of the reform. To address these practical challenges, we employed a binary logistic regression model to analyse farmers’ acceptance of the VPP for agricultural irrigation water usage in Suqian City, Jiangsu Province. A variable set was formed by selecting potential variables from four types of influencing factors: the subject (water users), the object (water supply departments), natural condition factors, and social condition factors. Our results revealed seven factors that determine whether farmers accept the VPP: irrigation water measurement at the water inlet of a lateral canal, the irrigation water-saving rewards scale, enforcement efforts of charging by volume, the irrigation water source type, the use of agricultural water-saving for trade, financial investment in water-saving technology, and the level of irrigation water pricing. We determined the degree of influence of the seven determining factors, among which the irrigation water-saving rewards scale and enforcement efforts of charging by volume most influence farmers’ decisions on the VPP for irrigation water. The results of this study can be used as a reference for innovation of the agricultural water-saving system in Suqian City, optimisation of an accurate fiscal subsidy scale, quantification of irrigation water rights, optimisation of the measurement facility layout, and effective implementation of agricultural water rights trading. More broadly, this study provides a valuable reference for solving the difficulties faced in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water pricing in China, which includes irrigation water pricing mechanisms, management systems, subsidy mechanisms, and water-saving incentive measures.

Exploring the Influence of Village Social Capital and Rural Development on Farmers’ Entrepreneurial Decision-Making: Unveiling the Path to Local Entrepreneurship

This paper aims to comprehensively define village social capital, assess its multifaceted dimensions in relation to farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making, and investigate the mediating role of rural development. The research sample consists of 14,133 farmers selected through a multi-stage proportional-to-size unequal probability sampling method. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires as part of the “Chinese Thousand Village Survey” project. Empirical analysis was conducted using binary logit and basic linear regression models, supplemented by probit models and other robustness testing methods. The findings indicate that village social capital exerts a significant and favorable influence on farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making. Controlling for other variables, a unit increment in farmers’ village social network, village social participation, and village social trust is associated with a respective increase in farmers’ odds of entrepreneurial decision-making by 3.96, 5.42, and 16.28%. Village social trust emerges as the most influential factor. Additionally, rural harmony and rural economy partially mediate the relationship between village social capital and farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between village social capital and farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making, offering valuable guidance for farmers looking to leverage village social capital in their entrepreneurial endeavors. It lays a theoretical foundation for relevant entities to strengthen village social capital and cultivate a supportive environment for rural entrepreneurship. To our knowledge, this paper is among the earlier studies that investigate farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making. Besides, the relationship between village social capital and rural development is rarely studied in the literature as two determinants of farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making.

Determinants of farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies against climate variability and change: Lessons from central Tanzania in Manyoni district

Farmers’ adaptation strategies against climate variability and change impact are fundamental in abating the effects in this epoch. Previous studies have confirmed the presence of context-specific farmers’ adaptation strategies in Tanzania. However, it is not clear what factors influence farmers to select specific adaptation strategies. This study contributes to filling this knowledge gap. We used the cross-sectional research design in a survey of a random sample of 330 small-scale farmers. The multivariate probit was used to model the factors determining the choice of adaptation strategies. Farmers adapted a number of strategies, nonetheless, there were four key adaptation strategies: drought-resistant varieties, use of early maturing varieties, resistant livestock breeds, and conservation agriculture. Farmers used more than one strategy, and the choice was determined by multiple factors that showed a statistically significant impact at 5 %. We categorize the factors into four groups: (i) individual farmer and or household characteristics covering age, farming experience of the household head; household size; and household wealth, especially livestock ownership (ii) farm characteristics like location of the farm and farm size (iii) institutional factors that include access to extension services, technology, and provision of title deeds for land ownership to the farmers; and (iv) knowledge of manifestation of CV & C like shifting of rain seasons, and awareness of using meteorological information in decision making. These factors should be considered in policy development to heighten the effectiveness of the adaptation strategies in cushioning climate variability and change impact in the study area and central Tanzania at large.

Exploring popular information sources and determinants of farmers’ access to agricultural extension services in the Indo-Gangetic plains

A study was undertaken to analyse farmers’ access to various agricultural extension service sources, their preferences and to delineate underlying determinants for their access. The study used NSSO 77th survey dataset of 14,782 households of IGP states (Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal). Farmers’ preferences varied, with private agencies—particularly input dealers—emerging as the top choice, followed by traditional mass media channels and the public extension system. Utility of Cooperative model, and farmer-based organizations have not yet been fully explored for information needs. The inputs (seeds, fertilizers, plant protection) were the most sought-after information. However, in an era of changing needs, farmers should strive to acquire additional information on aspects such as marketing, climate change, and post-harvest functions. The type of information sought by the farmers, influences their preferred sources of extension services. Irrespective of the source, the degree of access diminishes with the decreasing landholding. Among the five IGP states, Haryana emerged as the champion of information access for farmers, while Bihar lagged. Multivariate probit analysis reported that the likelihood of access to agricultural information sources was positively influenced by age, gender, education, size of operational landholding, irrigated area, and sale of produce at MSP. The study suggests making the extension services for small and socio-economically marginalized farmers more inclusive. Inclusiveness of extension services is essential for sustainability because it ensures that all farmers, regardless of their landholding, gender, age, caste, etc., have access to knowledge and resources they need to adopt improved agricultural practices and thus, secure prosperous livelihoods.

Determinants of farmers’ intentions to seek Agricultural Value Chain Financing in Tanzania

Determinants of farmers’ intentions to seek Agricultural Value Chain Financing in Tanzania

The adoption of combine harvester and its determinant factors for sustainable rice production in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia

Sustainable agriculture development relies on farmers’ ability to cope with the changes in agriculture development and technology. This ability depends on their knowledge and skills attained through various learning processes and communication. This research aimed to analyse innovation adoption rate and the determinants of farmers’ adoption. The innovation was restricted to the use of combine harvester technology in rice farming. Research was conducted by survey method to 120 farmers, selected by simple random sampling, in Sukamakmur Subdistrict. The level of adoption was measured by farmers’ awareness, interest, evaluation, trial and adoption; while the determinants including access to information media, interpersonal communication ability and group interaction. The descriptive analysis was performed to analyze the adoption level and its determinants by score index in range 0-100 percent. The rank-spearman correlation analysis was used to show the relationship between adoption and its determinant factors. Results rated the level of combine harvester adoption as high, where 74.82 percent of farmers have adopted the machine. The adoption level of combine harvester has significantly correlated with farmers’ access to information media, interpersonal communication ability and group interaction. To increase the adoption rate, farmers need to have better access to gain an adequate and appropriate information of introduced technology.

Determination of Farmers' Reactions to Climate Change and Adaptation Ability: Menemen Case

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, son yıllarda kuraklık başta olmak üzere bazı aşırı hava olaylarının olumsuz etkilerinin yaşandığı İzmir ili Menemen ilçesinde bitkisel üretimde bulunan çiftçilerin yetiştiricilik faaliyetleri ile iklim değişikliğiyle ilgili risklerden kaçınmak ve söz konusu risklere maruz kalmayı azaltmak amacıyla uyguladıkları uyum eylemleri ve bu konudaki stratejilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Tasarım/Metodoloji/Yaklaşım: Araştırmanın ana materyalini, İzmir ili Menemen ilçesinde 2022-2023 üretim sezonunda buğday yetiştiriciliği yapan 71 çiftçi ile yapılan karşılıklı görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde basit istatiksel hesaplamalar ve Khi-kare analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgular, çiftçilerin son yıllarda kuraklık ve aşırı yağış gibi hava olaylarından olumsuz etkilendiklerini, riskleri ve risklere maruz kalmayı azaltmak amacıyla ürün değişikliğine gittiklerini, yetiştiricilik faaliyetlerinde risklere göre uygulama yaptıklarını ve dolayısıyla üretim maliyetlerinin arttığını, endüstriyel tarım yöntemlerinin akıllı sistemler ve teknolojik uygulamalarla devam ettirilmeye çalışıldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Özgünlük/Değer: Son yıllarda yaşanan iklim değişiklikleri ve bu değişikliklerin olası etkileri, iklim değişikliğine uyumun ve etkilerinin azaltılması konusunun daha dikkatle izlenmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Uyum ve etkilerin hafifletilmesi için yaşanan sorunlara çeşitli ve kalıcı çözümler geliştirmek önemlidir. İklim değişikliğinden olumsuz etkilenen tarımsal üretimin ve çiftçilerin değişen koşullara uyumu zorunludur. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, gerek Türkiye gerekse İzmir ili için önemli ve stratejik bitkisel ürünlerin yetiştiriciliğinin yapıldığı, Menemen ilçesi çiftçilerinin yaşadığı iklimsel sorunları ve üreticilerin uyum süreçlerinin anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmasına olanak tanıyacak bireysel algılar ve hedefler de dâhil olmak üzere uyum eylemleri hakkındaki bilgileri geliştirecek olması bakımından önemlidir ve özgün değer taşımaktadır.

Determinants of farmers’ choice for agricultural output marketing channels of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum): an empirical evidence from north-western Himalayan region

Determinants of farmers’ choice for agricultural output marketing channels of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum): an empirical evidence from north-western Himalayan region

Pengaruh Kapasitas Kelembagaan Kelompok Tani Terhadap Kemandirian Petani di Kabupaten Gorontalo

This research aims to analyze the level of farmers' institutional capacity and the influence of institutional capacity on the independence of beef cattle farmers. This research was conducted in Gorontalo Regency from February to November 2018. The research used a survey method with a quantitative approach. The sample was determined in stages (multi stages sampling), namely by selecting districts, sub-districts, villages and groups. The determination of farmers as respondents was carried out in an exhaustive manner. The number of samples used was six groups with 120 group members. Data sources include primary and secondary data. The analysis used is descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) statistics from the Analysis of Moment Structures (Amos) program. The research results explain the level of institutional capacity is good (3.18) which consists of indicators of goal achievement (3.24), institutional function and role (3.15), institutional innovativeness (3.12) and group institutional sustainability (3.18). Institutional capacity influences the independence of beef cattle farmers by 79%.

Evaluating soil erosion and determinants of farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation measures in the Offa district, southern Ethiopia

Soil erosion is a significant environmental problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries agricultural area where it can lead to reduced soil fertility, decreased crop productivity, and even land degradation. This study explores the prevalence of soil erosion in the Wolaita area and the factors that hinder or promote the implementation of soil and water management (SWC) practices by farmers. Despite significant investment by the local government, the adoption rate of these practices remains low. Data from cross-sectional surveys were gathered from primary and secondary sources and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study involved 378 sample households, including both adopters and non-adopters of soil and water conservation measures. A multinomial logistic regression model was utilized to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of physical conservation measures. The study found that most local farmers perceived soil erosion rates are high (43.54 %) and increasing. Some respondents had a medium perception (22.96 %) while others had a low perception (17.72 %). The results revealed that education, farm size, family size, livestock ownership, contact with extension workers, farming experiences, and land tenure security all positively and significantly influenced the adoption of conservation measures. The findings highlight the importance of sustainable conservation practices, comprehensive education and training for farmers, and the establishment of strong local institutions for credit accessibility and extension services. Additionally, fostering connections and knowledge-sharing among farm communities can enhance the adoption of soil and water conservation measures. The outcomes of this study will provide valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and farmers to develop effective strategies to combat soil erosion and promote sustainable agriculture practices in the region. Overall, this study suggests that the local government and stakeholders must prioritize these strategies to address the critical issue of soil erosion in the Wolaita area.

Determinants of Farmers’ Decision-Making Processes under Socio-Political Stressors exacerbated by Water Scarcity and Climate Change Adaptation

Determinants of Farmers’ Decision-Making Processes under Socio-Political Stressors exacerbated by Water Scarcity and Climate Change Adaptation

Determinants of farmers’ adoption of adaptation measures in carbon-intensive agricultural areas: A case study in An Giang province, Vietnam

Determinants of farmers’ adoption of adaptation measures in carbon-intensive agricultural areas: A case study in An Giang province, Vietnam

The Determinants of Farmers’ Perceived Flood Risk and Their Flood Adaptation Assessments: A Study in a Char-Land Area of Bangladesh

The Determinants of Farmers’ Perceived Flood Risk and Their Flood Adaptation Assessments: A Study in a Char-Land Area of Bangladesh