Detergent Formulations Research Articles

Bio-based sulfonated surfactants with high Ca2+ tolerance in detergent formulations

The use of calcium-resistant surfactants in household and industrial washing applications may simplify the formulation composition of laundry and therefore reduce costs. A series of bio-based surfactants, N-alkyl furfuryl methylamine sulfonates (AFMS), was developed from the biomass-derived furfural and aliphatic amines by a simple and effective method. The structure of these bio-based surfactants was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These bio-based surfactants demonstrated low surface tension, high emulsification, and high decontamination efficiency. Meanwhile, the AFMS surfactants exhibited excellent calcium resistance, maintaining micelle stability in Ca2+up to 2.16 × 104 mg/L and the solution clarification in Ca2+up to 7.21 × 104 mg/L. Furthermore, the AFMS surfactants had a stable decontamination effect in hard water. The wetting ability, foaming ability, toxicity, and biodegradability parameters were also evaluated. Therefore, the AFMS surfactants synthesized in this work could be applied as a more efficient and promising bio-based surfactant candidate for application in household and industrial washing.

Rice husk ash based complex sodium di silicate – An alternative detergent builder for sodium tripolyphosphate and Zeolite 4A

Detergent builder is an essential part of any detergent powder, as it softens the hard water which hinders the cleaning action of surfactants. Nowadays, sodium tripolyphosphate and Zeolite 4A are used as detergent builders extensively in detergent formulation. Though STPP has higher capacities to remove hardness from the water but has a detrimental impact on the environment like eutrophication and hence it has been banned for detergent application in various countries. Zeolite 4A is currently leading the detergent industry with moderate hardness removal, but it has certain disadvantages like high pH, insolubility, high solid residue in the wash water and needs additives for its activation in the detergent formulation. In this research paper, the better alternative detergent builder known as Complex sodium dislicate (CSDS) is produced using rice husk ash-based sodium silicate. Further CSDS is analyzed using SEM, XRD, and TGA-DSC to explain its physicochemical properties. The calcium exchange capacity evaluation is carried out and is found to be 420 mg eq. CaCO3/gram of CSDS which is higher than STPP and Zeolite 4A. In this study, detergent formulations made with CSDS as a detergent builder were compared with those of STPP and Zeolite 4A to evaluate detergent performances according to the IS 4955:2020 standard.

Biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate contamination by pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates

Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS), a surfactant frequently incorporated into detergent formulations, typically ends up in wastewater treatment facilities after use. The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of bacteria isolated from Iraqi wastewater in removing LAS. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by genetic analysis (16S rRNA). Three LAS concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg/l) were employed in this investigation, along with three temperatures (30, 35, and 40 oC) and pH values (5, 7, 9). The LAS anionic surfactant demonstrated optimal biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a temperature of 30 °C and at pH levels of 7 and 9, with removal percentages of 93.76% and 90.4%, respectively, at a concentration of 25 mg/l of LAS. The study's findings demonstrated the possibility and importance of using aerobic biodegradation to remove LAS from actual effluents. This bacterium is useful for bioremediation because of its capacity to break down LAS.

Evaluation of a binary amphiphile/solvent mixture for the formulation of an ecological detergent as an alternative for removing fat from natural fiber surfaces

The application of a binary amphiphile/solvent blend composed of a natural surfactant (alkyl polyglucoside) and the green solvent ethyl lactate (EL) as an active component in the formulation of a new ecological detergent has improved the washing process conditions. Foaming properties of the detergent were optimal, with foam stability (R5) values of 76.17% and 78.61% for the best formulations. It is common practice to add substances that can regulate the pH to 9 to enhance the washing efficiency. This was reflected in the results of this study, where pH and the interaction between pH and surfactant type significantly influenced the percentage of residual fat. Currently, commercial detergents recommend a 1% dilution. However, studies have evaluated a 0.5% dilution. Therefore, it opted to evaluate new concentrations of 0.4% and 0.3%. Optimization of the factorial design resulted in dirt removal rates exceeding 91%, while the lowest percentage of residual fat (< 0.37%) was achieved at 25 °C, pH 9, and 0.3% detergent doses without lipase. Furthermore, illustrations of the surface morphology of the washed fibers demonstrated that the samples were not adversely affected by the formulated detergent or the washing process conditions. The alkyl polyglucoside/ethyl lactate binary blend was shown for the first time to exhibit strong interactions, possessing excellent residual fat and soil removal properties, suggesting its potential use in the formulation of green detergents for washing natural and synthetic textile fibers as a replacement for detergents based on ethoxylated fatty alcohols.

Harnessing a thermo-active and alkaline lipase from novel strain of Brevibacillus borstelensis gp-1, for application in biodiesel synthesis

A novel thermo-active and alkaliphilic strain of Gp-1, isolated from hot water springs of Ganeshpuri, Maharashtra, India, identified as Brevibacillus borstelensis based on 16SrDNA characterization, with accession no. MT292327, at NCBI database. Statistical optimization of lipase production was done using Plackett-Burman algorithm and response surface methodology. Fermentative production of Gp-1 lipase was followed by partial purification, with 24.10 fold purification. Gp-1 lipase has molecular mass of 31 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE. Gp-1 lipase exhibited maximal specific activity at pH 10 and 55 °C, with stability up to 70 °C. Kinetic parameters analysis revealed Gp-1 lipase has Km and Vmax values of 1.544 mM and 31.25 μM/mg. min, and specificity constant of 281.13 sec-1, with pNP caprylate as the base suited substrate. Gp-1 lipase was found to be retain more than 90% activity in presence of various organic solvents, and various commercial detergent formulations. The Gp-1 lipase was also tested for transesterification reactions, which revealed successful transesterification of coconut oil, olive oil and waste cooking oil, and conversion in esters. Hence, Gp-1 lipase stands out as a prospective candidate in biodiesel synthesis, a green energy alternative.

In silico and experimental characterization of a new polyextremophilic subtilisin-like protease from Microbacterium metallidurans and its application as a laundry detergent additive.

Considering the current growing interest in new and improved enzymes for use in a variety of applications, the present study aimed to characterize a novel detergent-stable serine alkaline protease from the extremophilic actinobacterium Microbacterium metallidurans TL13 (MmSP) using a combined in silico and experimental approach. The MmSP showed a close phylogenetic relationship with high molecular weight S8 peptidases of Microbacterium species. Moreover, its physical and chemical parameters computed using Expasy's ProtParam tool revealed that MmSP is hydrophilic, halophilic and thermo-alkali stable. 3D structure modelling and functional prediction of TL13 serine protease resulted in the detection of five characteristic domains: [catalytic subtilase domain, fibronectin (Fn) type-III domain, peptidase inhibitor I9, protease-associated (PA) domain and bacterial Ig-like domain (group 3)], as well as the three amino acid residues [aspartate (D182), histidine (H272) and serine (S604)] in the catalytic subtilase domain. The extremophilic strain TL13 was tested for protease production using agricultural wastes/by-products as carbon substrates. Maximum enzyme activity (390U/gds) was obtained at 8th day fermentation on potato peel medium. Extracellular extract was concentrated and partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation methodology (1.58 folds purification fold). The optimal pH, temperature and salinity of MmSP were 9, 60°C and 1M NaCl, respectively. The MmSP protease showed broad pH stability, thermal stability, salt tolerance and detergent compatibility. In order to achieve the maximum stain removal efficacy by the TL 13 serine protease, the operation conditions were optimized using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) with four variables, namely, time (15-75min), temperature (30-60°C), MmSP enzyme concentration (5-10U/mL) and pH (7-11). The maximum stain removal yield (95 ± 4%) obtained under the optimal enzymatic operation conditions (treatment with 7.5U/mL of MmSP during 30min at 32°C and pH9) was in good agreement with the value predicted by the regression model (98 ± %), which prove the validity of the fitted model. In conclusion, MmSP appears to be a good candidate for industrial applications, particularly in laundry detergent formulations, due to its high hydrophilicity, alkali-halo-stability, detergent compatibility and stain removal efficiency.

Biodegradation of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) contamination by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates

Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) is a surfactant commonly used in the formulation of detergents, which is typically disposed of in wastewater treatment plants. The current study describes the effectiveness of bacteria isolated from Iraqi wastewater to remove SLES. 16S rRNA genetic analysis revealed that this strain is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three temperatures (30, 35, and 40oC) and pH values (5,7, and 9) were chosen for this study, and three concentrations of SLES (25, 50, and 100 mg/L) were used. The SLES anionic surfactant showed that the best biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was at a temperature of 30oC and both pH 7 and 9, while the removal percentages for them were 98.44% and 96.36%, respectively, at 25 mg/L of SLES. The outcomes of this study revealed the potential and significance of SLES removal in actual effluents by aerobic biodegradation. The ability of this bacterium to degrade SLES makes the bacterium an important tool for bioremediation.

Exploration of a novel protease from Phytolacca dodecandra (Endod) berries for potential application in detergent formulation

AbstractConventional detergent formulations contain either petroleum‐derived or synthetic chemicals. Hence, the replacement of these chemicals with natural products such as enzymes is considered a green technology. Among these enzymes, protease is renowned in detergent formulations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore and characterize a new protease from Phytolacca dodecandra, because the plant is traditionally known for detergency purposes. Enzyme extraction was performed with Glycine/NaOH buffer, pH = 10.0. Gelatin hydrolysis and agar well diffusion tests were implemented as qualitative assays, whereas the enzyme assay technique was applied for the quantitative investigation of the new protease from plant extracts. The crude enzyme was partially characterized concerning temperature and pH tolerance, washing performance, detergent compatibility, and stability. The finding of this study revealed that Phytolacca dodecandra contains protease and is characterized by 1418.84 U/mL of enzyme activity, where 1 unit (U) of enzyme activity refers to the amount of enzyme required to liberate 1 μg of tyrosine/mL/min under the defined assay conditions. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 10.5 and 45°C. The enzyme was stable and maintained 99.52% activity at 40°C and 91.73% at pH 10.0 after 2 h pre‐incubation. The enzyme showed excellent wash performance and could potentially remove blood stains completely within 3 min. After 2 h of pre‐incubation the enzyme maintained 69.06% and 54.88% of its activity in the presence of Azzy and Sunlight, respectively. The enzyme maintained 71.99% of its residual activity after 60 days of storage. If further studies are conducted, all these properties of the newly investigated protease can make the enzyme applicable in detergent formulations.

Synthesis and Surface properties of AOS Based detergents: A Green Synthetic approach

A novel sustainable AOS-based biodegradable detergent was produced and its physical properties were investigated. The functional metrics of detergent performance are equivalent to, and sometimes better than, commercial samples such as Surf Excel. The detergent formulations based on AOS are made with the least amount of Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, and acid slurry, which are utilized in excess commercial samples and contribute to pollution. All of these samples had good performance in terms of surface tension decrease, foam volume, and viscosity.

A Novel Ex Vivo Blinking Method for Comparing the Corneal Residence Time of New Shampoo Formulations.

In the cosmetics sector, many products such as shampoos have a probability of accidental ocular exposure during their routine use. One very specific safety parameter is the residence time of the substance on the corneal surface, as prolonged exposure may cause injury. In this study, we developed a system that simulates corneal exposure to blinking and tear flow, for comparing the corneal clearance times of viscous detergent formulations. The Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test (EVEIT), which uses corneal explants from discarded rabbit eyes from an abattoir, was used as the basis for the new system. To simulate blinking, we developed a silicone wiping membrane to regularly move across the corneal surface, under conditions of constant addition and aspiration of fluid, to mimic tear flow. Six shampoo formulations were tested and were shown to differ widely in their corneal clearance time. Three groups could be identified according to the observed clearance times (fast, intermediate and slow); the reference shampoo had the shortest clearance time of all tested formulations. With this new system, it is now possible to investigate an important physicochemical parameter, i.e. corneal clearance time, for the consideration of ocular safety during the development of novel cosmetic formulations.

Synergistic Effect and Phase Behavior of SCG-CAPB-H2O Ternary Compound System

The physical properties of sodium cocoyl glycinate (SCG) and the synergistic effects within the SCG/CAPB complex system were investigated using visible–ultraviolet spectrophotometry and a surface tension meter. Analysis of the synergistic parameters of the complex system revealed that the combination of SCG and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) yielded superior results compared to the individual use of SCG. Building upon this, the ternary phase behavior of the SCG/CAPB/H2O system was further explored. Different lyotropic liquid crystal phases were identified using polarized optical microscopy (POM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Surfactant solutions with varying mass fractions exhibited diverse phase behaviors, including the micellar phase (L1), micelle–solid mixed phase (L1-S), hexagonal phase (H), and lamellar phase (Lα), with the insoluble solid phase predominating. The investigation of the ternary phase diagram of SCG/CAPB/H2O provided valuable guidance for detergent formulation screening, enriched the understanding of sodium cocoyl glycinate complex systems, and further promoted the utilization of amino acid-based surfactants in the field of personal care products.

Kinetic Study of Sodium Dodecylsulfate Degradation by Solar Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Based on Tungsten Oxide

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate or SDS is a chemical compound widely used in detergent and cosmetic formulations. This work describes the application of solar heterogeneous photocatalysis based on tungsten oxide (WO3) to the kinetic study of the degradation of sodium dodecylsulfate. The experiments were performed at room temperature to study the effect of the initial catalyst mass. The results showed that a small amount of tungsten oxide is sufficient to degrade sodium dodecyl sulfate. The initial concentrations of SDS varied between 5 and 15 mg.L-1. According to the results, more than 87% reduction is obtained after 120 min of solar irradiation of the SDS solution for a WO3/SDS mass ratio of 1/5. The detailed kinetic analysis of the photodegradation of sodium dodecylsulfate showed that the disappearance of the anionic surfactant follows a pseudo-prime model. According to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, the kinetics constant calculated from the linear form of this model are : k = 0.042 mg.L.min-1 and K = 0.060 L.mg-1.

Enhancing Alkaline Protease Stability through Enzyme-Catalyzed Crosslinking and Its Application in Detergents

Enzymatic additives, particularly alkaline proteases, play a crucial role in enhancing detergent effectiveness against protein-based stains. Despite advancements in enzyme stabilization techniques, there is a need for innovative strategies to further improve protease stability in laundry detergents. However, research exploring the utilization of substrate imprinting technology to achieve this objective remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the stability of alkaline proteases in laundry detergents by employing casein as an imprinting substrate and utilizing transglutaminase-mediated (TGase) crosslinking to modify proteases 102 and 306. The optimal temperature, pH, and thermal stability of the modified alkaline proteases 102 and 306 showed no significant changes. However, these two modified alkaline proteases exhibited varying degrees of improvement in stability among the 14 detergent additives tested. Under 40 °C incubation for 24 h, the relative enzyme activity of modified alkaline protease 102 increased approximately 1.4–15-fold in AEO-9, BS-12, CMI, APG, FMEE, and SOE, while the relative enzyme activity of modified alkaline protease 306 increased approximately 1.2–3.7-fold across different additives (FMEE, AEO-9, BS-12, SOE, FAA, and AEC-9Na). These modified proteases demonstrated improved stability and wider applicability across commercial detergent formulations available. Integrated into standard laundry detergent at a 1:7 ratio before and after modification, they effectively removed protein stains from the cotton fabric after 24 h of 40 °C incubation. These findings provide insights into more effective stain-removal techniques.

Spray drying of cellulases produced by Bacillus sp. SMIA-2

Microbial cellulases present biotechnological potential to be used in several industries, including food, brewery and wine, industrial waste for chemical feedstock, animal feed, pulp and paper, agriculture, textile and detergent production. In this work, cellulases produced by the thermophilic Bacillus sp. SMIA-2 in submerged cultures containing sugarcane bagasse, corn steep liquor and passion fruit rind flour were spray-dried, in an attempt to improve their stability for industrial purposes. The cellulases were spray dried and analyzed before and after the drying process and subsequent storage. A Central Composite Design (CCD) 23 was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of arabic gum and microcrystalline cellulose, as well as the spray dryer inlet temperature on the cellulase spray drying process. The results evidenced that the combination of 1.0 % (w/v) arabic gum and 1.0% (w/v) microcrystalline cellulose, at inlet temperature of 70 °C, was effective in maintaining the activities of both avicelases (avicel-hydrolyzing enzymes) and carboxymethylcellulases (carboxymethylcellulose-hydrolyzing enzymes - CMCase). The dried avicelase was completely preserved when stored at 5oC, while the CMCase retained 89% of its activity, which indicates promising potential for industrial uses, especially in detergent formulations.

Non-chlorine detergent formulations as an alternative for unpasteurised milk removal from stainless steel surfaces

Hygiene is a major concern in the dairy industry, and detergents based on hypochlorite have commonly been utilised for cleaning-in-place (CIP) regimes. However, due to concerns about chlorate residues entering the milk processing chain, new detergent alternatives that are free of chlorate sources are required. Two new formulations were developed based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and wetting agents. Stainless steel surfaces were fouled with milk and cleaned once or 10 times using water, a caustic-EDTA product, a sodium hypochlorite product, an acid, or new cleaning formulations (Product A and Product B). The results demonstrated that the use of acid did not result in successful cleaning. The two new products performed well, with Product B performing equivalently during cleaning compared with the established hypochlorite or caustic-EDTA products. Product A exhibited better cleanliness than the other detergents tested. When allergen removal was considered, residual material was found to be retained on the surfaces, regardless of the cleaning type used. This study suggests that the new product formulations may be used to replace hypochlorite-based detergents to increase the hygienic status of a surface.

Isolation of Thermophilic Bacteria from Extreme Environments in Northern Chile.

The northern region of Chile boasts unique geographical features that support the emergence of geothermal effluents, salt lagoons, and coastal creeks. These extreme climate conditions create polyextreme habitats for microorganisms, particularly adapted to survive these harsh environments. These extremophilic microorganisms hold immense potential as a source of hydrolytic enzymes, among other biotechnological applications. In this study, we isolated 15 strains of aerobic thermophilic bacteria (45-70 °C) from sediment samples collected at five different ecological sites, including hot springs, geothermal fields, and lagoons in the Atacama Desert and Andes high planes. Analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates showed a close genetic similarity (98-100%) with microorganisms of the genera Parageobacillus, Geobacillus, Anoxybacillus, and Aeribacillus. Notably, these thermophiles exhibited significant hydrolytic enzyme activity, particularly amylases, lipases, and proteases. These findings underscore the potential of using these thermophilic bacterial strains as an invaluable source of thermozymes with wide-ranging applications in diverse industries, such as detergent formulations, pharmaceutical processing, and food technology. This research highlights the ecological significance of these extreme environments in the Atacama Desert and Andes high plains, which serve as vital ecological niches housing extremophilic bacteria as a genetic source of relevant thermozymes, promising great potential for innovation in the biotechnology industry.

Identification of surfactin lipopeptides isoforms produced by a newly isolated strain Bacillus sp. MI27 with potential use as main ingredients in detergent formulation: Application of mixture design for the formulation of a bio-based detergent

Abstract The purification and characterization of lipopeptide biosurfactants produced by Bacillus sp. MI27 permits to identify two clusters of cyclic and linear surfactin isoforms. Aiming for a potential application in industrial biotechnology, we studied its potential washing capacity. The results show a good ability to wash oil stains, motor oil and mayonnaise evaluated by the determination of the % of stain removal and tissue bleaching indices after washing. Optimal washing capacities were unregistered for 300 and 400 mg/L at pH values ranging from 5 to 9 and temperatures ranging from 20 to 40°C. Using a 4-factor mixing design, we optimized a liquid formula composed only of BioS; silicate; carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium phosphate. The washing efficiency of the formula is of the order of 43.46% for petroleum and 49.10% for motor oil with a percentage reduction in surface tension of about 55.79% corresponding to 25.7 mN/m.

Pseudomonas environmental strain produces a DegQ-derived and PDZ domain containing peptide with protease activity.

In the search of new enzymatic activities with a possible industrial application, we focused on those microorganisms and their molecular mechanisms that allow them to succeed in the environment, particularly in the proteolytic activity and its central role in the microorganisms' successful permanence. The use of highly active serine proteases for industrial applications is a modern need, especially for the formulation of detergents, protein processing, and hair removal from animal skins. This report provides the isolation and identification of a highly proteolytic fragment derived from DegQ produced by a Pseudomonas fluorescens environmental strain isolated from a frog carcass. Zymograms demonstrate that a 10kDa protein mainly generates the total proteolytic activity of this strain, which is enhanced by the detergent SDS. Mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that the protein derived a couple of peptides, the ones showing the highest coverage belonging to DegQ. Interestingly, this small protein fragment contains a PDZ domain but no obvious residues indicating that it is a protease. Protein model analysis shows that this fragment corresponds to the main PDZ domain from DegQ, and its unique sequence and structure render a proteolytic peptide. The results presented here indicate that a novel DegQ fragment is sufficient for obtaining high protease activity highlighting that the analysis of environmental microorganisms can render new strains or enzymes with helpful biotechnological characteristics.

Synergistic Combination of Carbohydrate Polymer with Conventional Active Materials for Detergent Formulations

Novel ecofriendly polymeric surfactant based on Sorbitol and Maleic anhydride has been synthesized and used successfully in detergent composition. Sorbitol is obtained majorly as a vegetable product. In present research work a small quantity of Maleic anhydride and Benzoic acid along with major quantity of Sorbitol has been used in synthesis of polymer. The mole ratio of ingredients and cooking schedule has been standardized to get desired molecular weight, HLB ratio and surfactant properties. Powder detergents have been formulated based on these novel polymer and conventional active ingredients such as alpha olefin sulphonate, sodium lauryl sulphate. And linear alkyl benzene sulphonate. This synergistic combination of novel polymer has been used as a 60 to 80% replacement of conventional linear alkyl benzene sulphonate in detergent powder formulation. The preparation of this polymer is ecofriendly and has a potential for commercial use as an ecofriendly detergent in powder form. The surface tension, foam height, % detergency and stain removing characteristics have been evaluated and compared with commercially available powder detergent sample. The petroleum resources are soaring in price and their replacement with novel polymer of vegetable origin will certainly promote the cause of Green Chemistry and Green Environment. Key word: - Novel polymer, Sorbitol, Detergents, Surfactants, Maleic anhydride, Synergistic combination. HLB- Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance.

USE OF KECOMBRANG FLOWER EXTRACT (ETLINGERA ELATIOR) AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR DETERGEN SURFACTANT TO MAXIMIZE THE POTENTIAL OF LOCAL PLANTS OF NORTH SUMATRA

Detergent is a chemical compound used to wash clothes. Unfortunately, detergents contain the dangerous substance LAS (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate). Detergent waste containing LAS can pollute rivers, thereby hampering Sustainable Development Goal number 6, namely clean water and sanitation, even though many Indonesians still use river water as a source of clean water. Therefore, an environmentally friendly substitute for LAS is needed, such as the saponin contained in the kecombrang plant, which is a local plant from North Sumatra. Saponin is a nonionic surfactant and has the potential to be used as a cleaning agent. From the formulation of the problem, the objectives of this research are: 1) to find out liquid detergent formulations that are environmentally friendly and in accordance with SNI 06-4075-1996 by minimizing the use of LAS and replacing it with kecombrang flower extract from North Sumatra; 2) prove the potential for the saponin content in kecombrang flowers from North Sumatra to be an ingredient in making liquid detergent that can replace LAS. The research uses quantitative analysis chemical methods, namely carrying out formulations in making detergent products. There are four detergent formulations with varying ratios of kecombrang flower extract and LAS of 1:1 (formula 1), 2:1 (formula 2), 3:0 (formula 3), and 0:3 (control formula). Research stages: 1) extraction of kecombrang flowers; 2) making detergent; 3) testing saponins in combrang extract; 4) detergent quality testing. The research results show that formula 1 is recommended as the best formula because it has a pH value of 11.7; specific gravity 0.99 g/ml; as well as organoleptic test results (homogeneous shape, color and distinctive odor) which are in accordance with SNI (Indonesian National Standardization). Combrang extract has also been proven to contain saponin which forms foam, thereby increasing the detergency power of detergent.