Detection Of Titanium Research Articles

Evaluation of the specific migration according to EU standards of titanium from Chitosan/Metal complexes films containing TiO2 particles into different food simulants. A comparative study of the nano-sized vs micro-sized particles

Abstract Although, the current market of polymer-based food packaging that use engineered nanoparticles is increasing, concern over toxicity due to their possible migration from polymer packaging into foodstuff affects consumer acceptance which has been recognized as a key factor to negotiate market opportunities successfully. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of films based on α-chitosan (CS)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano- and micro- sized complexes in terms of (i) migration according to European Normative 1130-1:2004, (iii) cytotoxicity and (iii) antioxidant activity by means of DPPH tests, as active films for foodstuff. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work assessing the migration of TiO2 from CS/TiO2 nano- and micro- sized complexes in accordance with EU Recommendation. With regard to the specific migration tests, which were quantified using acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection of titanium, the results revealed that titanium can migrate from chitosan matrix after incubation in different food simulants over 10 days at 40 °C or 10 days at 5 °C, but only in its ionic form, and no evidence of TiO2-particle migration was found. The amount of migrated titanium was in a negligible amount (

Titanium (III) cation selective electrode based on synthesized tris(2pyridyl) methylamine ionophore and its application in water samples.

The introduction of low detection limit ion selective electrodes (ISEs) may well pave the way for the determination of trace targets of cationic compounds. This research focuses on the detection of titanium (III) cation using a new PVC-membrane sensor based on synthesized tris(2pyridyl) methylamine (tpm) ionophore. The application and validation of the proposed sensor was done using potentiometric titration, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The membrane sensor exhibited a Nernstian response to the titanium (III) cation over a concentration range of 1.0 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−2 M and pH range from 1–2.5. The Nernstian slope, the lower of detection (LOD), and the response time (t95%) of the proposed sensor were 29.17 ± 0.24 mV/dec, 7.9 × 10−7 M, and 20 s, respectively. The direct determination of 4–39 μg/ml of titanium (III) standard solution showed an average recovery of 94.60 and a mean relative standard deviation of 1.8 at 100.0 μg/ml. Finally, the utilization of the electrodes as end-point indicators for potentiometric titration with EDTA solutions for titanium (III) sensor was successfully carried out.

Anodic sampling of titanium by thin-layer chromatography

Titanium as the pure metal or as commercial titanium alloys has been widely used in dentistry. To determine the composition of incorporated reconstructions there is a need for non-destructive sampling and identification of unknown or suspect elements. This paper reports an analytical procedure for detection of titanium. The method involves anodic sampling, and separation and identification of titanium by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on precoated cellulose layers. Two thin plates and one cast of elemental titanium and one dental alloy containing titanium were analyzed. Chromatograms of samples were developed with a mixture of iso -amyl alcohol, acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid as mobile phase. Excellent detection and identification of titanium as a pink spot was achieved after spraying with a saturated ethanolic solution of alizarin and exposure to NH 3 vapor.

Microincineration for the Detection of Titanium in Tissue Sections

Titanium (Ti) implants are increasingly popular due to their osseointegration and low toxicity properties. However, studies have shown that Ti ions are released and they may accumulate locally or systemically. We have previously shown the presence of Ti deposits in the liver, spleen, and lung of rats injected with Ti oxide (TiO2) intraperitoneally. The identification of these metal deposits in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained preparations may be impaired by deposits of carbon particles in tissues such as lungs. The aim of the present study was to adapt the microincineration technique to identify deposits in tissue sections. Tissue sections obtained from rat liver, spleen, and lung and human tissues were embedded in paraffin and adhered to high melting point Pyrex glass. The microincinerations were performed in an oven for ceramic at 1000°C for 30 min. The incinerated and H&E samples were analyzed by light microscopy. The deposits were chemically identified by EDX analysis. The histological analysis of the spodograms evidenced the presence of black particles. The deposits in spodograms corresponded to Ti as confirmed by EDX analysis. Microincineration allows simple visualization of metal deposits, Ti in particular, in tissues adjacent to or at a distance from hip prostheses or dental implants. (The J Histotechol 25:75, 2002)Submitted January 11, 2002; accepted February 28, 2002

Detection of titanium in human tissues after craniofacial surgery: Jorgenson DS, Mayer MH, Ellenbogen RG, et al. Plast Reconstr Surg 99:976, 1997

Detection of titanium in human tissues after craniofacial surgery: Jorgenson DS, Mayer MH, Ellenbogen RG, et al. Plast Reconstr Surg 99:976, 1997

Detection of titanium in electrothermal atomizers by laser-induced fluorescence. Part 1. Determination of optimum excitation and detection wavelengths

A detailed investigation has been performed of suitable excitation and detection wavelengths of Ti for the technique of laser-induced fluorescence in electrothermal atomizers. Fluorescence spectra (most often in the 250–350 nm region) from the 39 excitation wavelengths conjectured to be the most important (in the 220–270 nm region) have been investigated in more detail by the use of an intensified CCD detector. The fluorescence spectra were found to have a rich occurrence of peaks (about 50 each), of which many cannot be found in existing atomic wavelength data in the literature. All of the peaks found (with one exception) could be identified thanks to a home-made program that calculates atomic wavelengths from existing energy level data. Most of the spectra are dominated by “indirect” transitions (i.e. fluorescence from an upper level that is different from the one accessed by the laser) despite the prediction of existing “direct” transitions. This indicates that the collisional redistribution processes the excited levels, in general, are faster than typical fluorescence rates for Ti in graphite furnaces. Suitable excitation and detection wavelength combinations are given. One such suitable choice is excitation at 264.662 nm since the fluorescence following this excitation consisted of peaks of almost equal magnitude in three different wavelength regions (around 295, 319 and 338 nm).

Detection of titanium in electrothermal atomizers by laser-induced fluorescence. Part 2. Investigation of various types of atomizers

Detection of titanium in electrothermal atomizers by laser-induced fluorescence. Part 2. Investigation of various types of atomizers

Detection of titanium in electrothermal atomizers by laser-induced fluorescence. Part 2. Investigation of various types of atomizers

Different types of electrothermal atomizers (graphite and tungsten furnaces) have been studied for the determination of Ti by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). It was found that all graphite furnaces suffer from both bulk contamination by Ti, corresponding to tens of pg per firing, and significant memory effects in such a way that the high sensitivity of the LIF technique could not be fully utilized. The detectability of Ti by the LIF technique was limited by fluctuations of the atomizer blank signals and therefore depended mainly on the Ti history of the furnaces. The detection limit of Ti was found to be similar for all graphite furnaces: around 1 pg for furnaces not exposed to any substantial amounts of Ti, and a few pg for those which had been exposed to a few hundreds of pg of Ti (or more). It was found that the transversely heated graphite atomizer (THGA) from Perkin-Elmer gives the most reproducible atomization of Ti. The tungsten furnace showed no memory effects and therefore no empty firings (burn-outs) between determinations are needed. The tungsten furnace, however, afforded significantly weaker signals (approximately 250-fold) than the graphite furnaces; this was attributed to incomplete atomization processes. The Ti signal from the tungsten furnace could be increased by the addition of H 2 in the buffer gas. For 20% of H 2 added, however, the analyte signal was still weaker by a factor of 8 than that seen in a graphite furnace shielded with Ar (the remaining difference is primarily attributed to fluorescence quenching from H 2). In addition, the precision of the measurements was poorer than that obtained from graphite furnaces.

Detection of titanium in electrothermal atomizers by laser-induced fluorescence. Part 1. Determination of optimum excitation and detection wavelengths

A detailed investigation has been performed of suitable excitation and detection wavelengths of Ti for the technique of laser-induced fluorescence in electrothermal atomizers. Fluorescence spectra (most often in the 250–350 nm region) from the 39 excitation wavelengths conjectured to be the most important (in the 220–270 nm region) have been investigated in more detail by the use of an intensified CCD detector. The fluorescence spectra were found to have a rich occurrence of peaks (about 50 each), of which many cannot be found in existing atomic wavelength data in the literature. All of the peaks found (with one exception) could be identified thanks to a home-made program that calculates atomic wavelengths from existing energy level data. Most of the spectra are dominated by “indirect” transitions (i.e. fluorescence from an upper level that is different from the one accessed by the laser) despite the prediction of existing “direct” transitions. This indicates that the collisional redistribution processes the excited levels, in general, are faster than typical fluorescence rates for Ti in graphite furnaces. Suitable excitation and detection wavelength combinations are given. One such suitable choice is excitation at 264.662 nm since the fluorescence following this excitation consisted of peaks of almost equal magnitude in three different wavelength regions (around 295, 319 and 338 nm).

Detection of titanium in human tissues after craniofacial surgery.

Generally, titanium fixation plates are not removed after osteosynthesis, because they have high biocompatability and high corrosion resistance characteristics. Experiments with laboratory animals, and limited studies of analyses of human tissues, have reported evidence of titanium release into local and distant tissues. This study summarizes our results of the analysis of soft tissues for titanium in four patients with titanium microfixation plates. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry were used to detect trace amounts of titanium in surrounding soft tissues. A single metal inclusion was detected by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis in one patient, whereas, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry analyses revealed titanium present in three of four specimens in levels ranging from 7.92 to 31.8 micrograms/gm of dry tissue. Results from this study revealed trace amounts of titanium in tissues surrounding craniofacial plates. At the atomic level, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry appears to be a sensitive tool to quantitatively detect ultra-trace amounts of metal in human tissue.

ESI detection of titanium in lungs of a spray paint sniffer

Do lungs of inhalation substance abusers contain materials indicative of such abuse, and is it possible to detect these materials by electron energy loss spectroscopy? While most abuse involves only volatile materials, spray paint is one material where when volatile materials evaporate, resultant solid particles may be of respirable size. These particles may contain paint pigments such as titanium dioxide.Lung biopsy tissue was obtained for diagnostic purposes from a 16 year old male who presented with acute onset of progressive respiratory insufficiency. The patient later admitted to a history of significant paint sniffing. Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis was observed by light microscopy, with an unusual additional feature of many alveolar macrophages having dusty cytoplasm. Routine ultrastructural study demonstrated large amounts of electron dense material in these macrophages. To address the question of what materials were present in the cells, additional tissue samples were embedded in Araldite, sectioned at 30 nm, and viewed unstained on a Zeiss 902.

The detection of titanium with hydroxyphenylbenzyl ketones

The detection of titanium with hydroxyphenylbenzyl ketones

Annulus method for the separation and detection of titanium and chromium on a filter paper

A method is described for the separation and detection on filter paper of chromium and titanium, using thioglycollic acid and chromotropic acid as reagents. Fiveμg of chromium can be detected in the presence of 100μg of titanium, and 5μg of titanium in the presence of 1000μg of chromium.