Detection Of Neoplasia In Patients Research Articles

Thoracoabdominal computed tomography neoplasia detection in patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus: the importance of collaboration between specialists

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an autoimmune disorder that is almost always linked to an underlying neoplasia. General radiologists are usually not aware of what kind of neoplasia can be associated with PNP. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of a dermatology lecture on radiologists' neoplasia diagnosis performance. Two radiologists evaluated thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) examination images of 43 patients with PNP in separate reading sessions blinded to each other's assessments. Six months after the first CT image evaluation session, the two radiologists attended a lecture by two dermatologists about PNP, and 6 months later the two radiologists assessed the same CT examinations again. Statistical analysis showed statistically significant differences in CT sensitivity between the first and the second round of image evaluation for both radiologists (reader 1: p = 0.0313; reader 2: p = 0.0156). This is the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of a dermatology lecture on diagnostic performance. It is very important for radiologists to be familiar with the particular neoplasms that can be associated with PNP because this can have a direct clinical impact on diagnostic performance.

Risk for Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Serially Positive Fecal Immunochemistry Test in an Annual Screening Program.

Objectives: There are patients who do not undergo colonoscopy even if the fecal immunochemistry test (FIT) results are positive and even with repeated positive test results the following year. We aimed to investigate colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in examinees with positive FIT results in our annual screening program. Methods: We analyzed patients who underwent initial colonoscopy from April 2010 to March 2017 because of positive FIT results using an endoscopy database in our hospital. We investigated the difference in the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia as a surrogate marker of CRC between those who had an initial positive test and those who had repeated positive tests. Results: A total of 748 patients were included in this analysis. The advanced neoplasia detection rates were 7.6% (50/656) and 18.5% (17/92) for the initial and repeated positive test groups, respectively. Subgroup analysis of those with repeated positive tests revealed that the detection rates in examinees with positive tests 1-2 and >2 years ago were 16.7% (6/36) and 19.6% (11/56), respectively. The odds ratios for advanced neoplasia detection in patients with positive tests 1-2 and >2 years ago compared with those in the initial positive test group were 2.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-7.10) and 3.09 (95% CI, 1.47-6.48), respectively. Conclusions: The risk of CRC appears more than doubled in patients with a repeated positive FIT result. Prompt colonoscopy is recommended for FIT-positive cases.

Multicentre randomised controlled trial on virtual chromoendoscopy in the detection of neoplasia during colitis surveillance high-definition colonoscopy (the VIRTUOSO trial)

BackgroundLongstanding colonic IBD increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer. The utility of chromoendoscopy with standard-definition white light technology has been established. However, the use of high-definition virtual chromoendoscopy (HDV)...

Long-Term Follow-Up of Targeted Biopsy Yield (LOFTY Study) in Ulcerative Colitis Surveillance Colonoscopy

We previously performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing targeted and random biopsy in neoplasia detection in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), which showed the short-term effectiveness of targeted biopsy with one-time colonoscopy. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the long-term effectiveness of targeted biopsy in tertiary care hospitals, using the follow-up data from patients with UC for ≥ 8 years who had enrolled in the initial RCT. The primary outcome was death from colorectal cancer (CRC). Secondary outcomes were advanced neoplasia (CRC or high-grade dysplasia) and colectomy due to neoplasia after the RCT. We compared these outcomes between target and random groups. Data on 195 of the 221 patients (88.2%) enrolled in the previous RCT were collected from 28 institutions between 2008 and 2019. No patients died of CRC in either group, with a median 8.8-year follow-up demonstrating a robustness for targeted biopsy in terms of CRC death prevention. Advanced neoplasia was detected in four and three patients in the target and random groups, respectively. Colectomy was required due to neoplasia in three patients in each group. The chance of developing CRC in patients with a negative colonoscopy was low, and the targeted biopsy appeared effective in this population. Conversely, patients found with low-grade dysplasia at initial RCT have 10-fold higher risk of progression to high-grade dysplasia and/or CRC. Ten extracolonic malignancies were observed during the follow-up, resulting in four deaths. Panchromoendoscopy was used only in 4.6% and targeted biopsy was only performed in 59.1% of colonoscopies. We recommend targeted biopsy rather than > 33 random biopsies in real-world settings under adequate observation by specialists.

Deep-Learning System Detects Neoplasia in Patients With Barrett’s Esophagus With Higher Accuracy Than Endoscopists in a Multistep Training and Validation Study With Benchmarking

We aimed to develop and validate a deep-learning computer-aided detection (CAD) system, suitable for use in real time in clinical practice, to improve endoscopic detection of early neoplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). We developed a hybrid ResNet-UNet model CAD system using 5 independent endoscopy data sets. We performed pretraining using 494,364 labeled endoscopic images collected from all intestinal segments. Then, we used 1704 unique esophageal high-resolution images of rigorously confirmed early-stage neoplasia in BE and nondysplastic BE, derived from 669 patients. System performance was assessed by using data sets 4 and 5. Data set 5 was also scored by 53 general endoscopists with a wide range of experience from 4 countries to benchmark CAD system performance. Coupled with histopathology findings, scoring of images that contained early-stage neoplasia in data sets 2-5 were delineated in detail for neoplasm position and extent by multiple experts whose evaluations served as the ground truth for segmentation. The CAD system classified images as containing neoplasms or nondysplastic BE with 89% accuracy, 90% sensitivity, and 88% specificity (data set 4, 80 patients and images). In data set 5 (80 patients and images) values for the CAD system vs those of the general endoscopists were 88% vs 73% accuracy, 93% vs 72% sensitivity, and 83% vs 74% specificity. The CAD system achieved higher accuracy than any of the individual 53 nonexpert endoscopists, with comparable delineation performance. CAD delineations of the area of neoplasm overlapped with those from the BE experts in all detected neoplasia in data sets 4 and 5. The CAD system identified the optimal site for biopsy of detected neoplasia in 97% and 92% of cases (data sets 4 and 5, respectively). We developed, validated, and benchmarked a deep-learning computer-aided system for primary detection of neoplasia in patients with BE. The system detected neoplasia with high accuracy and near-perfect delineation performance. The Netherlands National Trials Registry, Number: NTR7072.

IDENTIFY: The Investigation and DEtection of urological Neoplasia in paTIents reFerred with suspected urinarY tract cancer: A multicentre analysis

IDENTIFY: The Investigation and DEtection of urological Neoplasia in paTIents reFerred with suspected urinarY tract cancer: A multicentre analysis

P334 Chromoendoscopy is superior to white light endoscopy for the detection of advanced colonic neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

P334 Chromoendoscopy is superior to white light endoscopy for the detection of advanced colonic neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Chromoendoscopy versus autofluorescence imaging for neoplasia detection in patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis (FIND-UC): an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis undergo regular dysplasia surveillance because they have an increased colorectal cancer risk. Autofluorescence imaging and chromoendoscopy improve dysplasia detection. The aim of this study was to determine whether autofluorescence imaging should be further studied as an alternative method for dysplasia surveillance in patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis. This prospective, international, randomised controlled trial included patients from an ulcerative colitis-dysplasia surveillance cohort from five centres in the Netherlands and the UK. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older who were undergoing dysplasia surveillance after being diagnosed with extensive colitis (Montreal E3) at least 8 years before study start or with left-sided colitis (Montreal E2) at least 15 years before study start. Randomisation (1:1) was minimised for a previous personal history of histologically proven dysplasia and concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis. The coprimary outcomes were the proportion of patients in whom at least one dysplastic lesion was detected and the mean number of dysplastic lesions per patient. The relative dysplasia detection rate, calculated as the ratio of the detection rates by autofluorescence imaging and chromoendoscopy, needed to be more than 0·67 (using an 80% CI) for both primary outcomes to support a subsequent large non-inferiority trial. Outcomes were analysed on a per-protocol basis. The trial is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register, number NTR4062. Between Aug 1, 2013, and March 10, 2017, 210 patients undergoing colonoscopy surveillance for longstanding ulcerative colitis were randomised for inspection with either autofluorescence imaging (n=105) or chromoendoscopy (n=105). Dysplasia was detected in 13 (12%) patients by autofluorescence imaging and in 20 patients (19%) by chromoendoscopy. The relative dysplasia detection rate of autofluorescence imaging versus chromoendoscopy for the proportion of patients with ulcerative colitis with at least one dysplastic lesion was 0·65 (80% CI 0·43-0·99). The mean number of detected dysplastic lesions per patient was 0·13 (SD 0·37) for autofluorescence imaging and 0·37 (1·02) for chromoendoscopy (relative dysplasia detection rate 0·36, 80% CI 0·21-0·61). Adverse events were reported for two patients in the autofluorescence imaging group (one patient had intraprocedural mild bleeding, and one patient had abdominal pain) and for three patients in the chromoendoscopy group (two patients had intraprocedural mild bleeding, and one patient had perforation). Autofluorescence imaging did not meet criteria for proceeding to a large non-inferiority trial. Therefore, existing autofluorescence imaging technology should not be further investigated as an alternative dysplasia surveillance method. Olympus Europe and Olympus Keymed.

Comparison of narrow-band imaging and confocal laser endomicroscopy for the detection of neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus: A meta-analysis

Barrett's esophagus (BE) predisposes to the development of esophageal neoplasia, including high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the accuracy of within-patient comparisons of narrow band imaging (NBI) and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) for diagnosis of HGD/EAC in patients with BE. The following databases were examined up to April 2016 without language restriction: PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. The QUADAS-2 tool for assessing the quality of included studies was used. The meta-analysis included pooled additional detection rate (ADR), diagnostic accuracy, and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The I2 and Q-test were used to determine study heterogeneity. Five studies involving 251 patients, reported within-patient comparisons of NBI and CLE, were eligible for meta-analysis. Compared with NBI, pooled ADR of CLE for per-lesion detection of neoplasia in patients with BE was 19.3% (95% CI: 0.05-0.33, I2=74.6%). The pooled sensitivity of NBI was 62.8% (95% CI: 0.56-0.69, I2=94.6%), which was lower (not significantly) than that of CLE (72.3%, 95% CI: 0.66-0.78, I2=89.3%). The pooled specificity of NBI and CLE were similar [85.3% (95% CI: 0.84-0.87, I2=92.1%) vs 83.8% (95% CI: 0.82-0.85, I2=96.8%)]. When compared with NBI, CLE significantly increased the per-lesion detection rate of esophageal neoplasia, HGD, and EAC in BE patients. Whether CLE is superior to NBI in neoplasia detection at per-patient level needs to be further investigated.

Serum DCLK1 as a Biomarker for Adenoma and Colorectal Neoplasia Detection in Patients Referred for Colonoscopy

Introduction: Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a putative tumor stem cell marker has been shown to be highly expressed in the stromal and epithelial compartments in colon and pancreatic cancer as well as Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether DCLK1 can be used as an early diagnostic marker for adenoma detection and colorectal neoplasia in serum. Methods: Consecutive patients referred to the Oklahoma City VA Medical Center for colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled into the study from January to May 2017. Five milliliters (mls) of blood was drawn from each patient prior to colonoscopy. During colonoscopy biopsies were obtained and/or polypectomy was performed if indicated and sent to pathology. Tissue samples were stratified into groups after microscopic analysis; normal (n=13), hyperplastic polyp (HP; n=25), tubular adenoma (TA; n=80), tubular adenoma with high-grade dysplasia and colorectal adenocarcinoma (HGD and CRC; n=4). DCLK1 expression in serum was determined by ELISA and correlated with histopathology findings. Results: The study population consisted of 122 patients with mean age of 63.4 years; 94.3% were male. Majority (79.4%) were Caucasian. Increased expression of DCLK1 was found in the serum of patients in the HGD/CRC group compared to the other groups (normal, HP and TA; P=0.006). Increased expression of DCLK1 was also found in the serum of patients with diabetes (P=0.01). After controlling for diabetes, the difference in serum DCLK1 levels among the 4 histologic groups remained (p =0.0002). There was no association between serum DCLK1 expression and age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, tobacco use, alcohol use, personal or family history of colon polyps and/or CRC, polyp size, total polyp burden, or history of other GI cancers (all P>0.05), suggesting that DCLK1 expression in serum is independent of established risk factors for colon polyps and CRC. Conclusion: DCLK 1 may represent a novel molecular marker for detection of adenoma and CRC in serum. However, our results need to be interpreted with caution given the small number of patients in the HGD/CRC group. Enrollment of more patients in the normal and HGD/CRC groups will provide more robust results.Table: Table. Serum DCLK1 Concentration (ELISA) ng/mlFigure: Serum DCLK1 expression level by histology group.

Chromoendoscopy, Narrow-Band Imaging or White Light Endoscopy for Neoplasia Detection in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Studies have confirmed an increased risk of colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis; hence, surveillance is recommended. Optional modalities include white light endoscopy (WLE) or dye-spray chromoendoscopy. However, narrow-band imaging (NBI) is still not considered comparable to chromoendoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield (DY) of WLE, chromoendoscopy, NBI for detection of neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by performing a meta-analysis of the existing literature. We searched databases for prospective studies. For each modality, we performed comparative per-lesion analysis (any neoplasia detection) and per-patient analysis (patient with neoplastic lesions). Meta-analysis was performed using fixed-effect model unless heterogeneity was high. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated and pooled. Five studies compared chromoendoscopy to WLE. Chromoendoscopy (n=361) was superior to WLE (n=358) with per-patient analysis OR 2.05 (95% CI 1.26, 3.35) and per-lesion analysis OR 2.79 (95% CI 2.08, 3.73). High-definition (HD) chromoendoscopy was superior to HD-WLE with per-lesion analysis OR 2.48 (95% CI 1.55, 3.97). In four studies comparing NBI to WLE (n=305), no difference was found in per-patient analysis OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.62, 1.53) and per-lesion analysis OR 0.94 (95% CI 0.63, 1.4). In two studies comparing CE to NBI (n=104), no difference was found in per-patient analysis OR 1.0 (95% CI 0.51, 1.95) and per-lesion analysis OR 1.29 (95% CI 0.69, 2.41). Chromoendoscopy is superior to WLE for detection of dysplasia in IBD, even with HD endoscopy. No difference in DY could be demonstrated for NBI in comparison with other modalities.

Abstract IA06: Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract IA06: Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease

Are random biopsies still useful for the detection of neoplasia in patients with IBD undergoing surveillance colonoscopy with chromoendoscopy?

BackgroundColonoscopy with pan-chromoendoscopy (CE) is superior to standard colonoscopy in detecting neoplasia in patients with IBD. Performing random biopsies in unsuspicious mucosa after CE remains controversial.MethodsConsecutive patients with IBD who...

A meta-analysis of confocal laser endomicroscopy for the detection of neoplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus.

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is considered the most important risk factor for development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a recently developed technique used to diagnose neoplasia in BE. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of CLE for diagnosis of neoplasia in BE. We searched EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies for all articles published up to June 27, 2015 in English. The quality of included studies was assessed using QUADAS-2. Per-patient and per-lesion pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. In total, 14 studies were included in the final analysis, covering 789 patients with 4047 lesions. Seven studies were included in the per-patient analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 89% (95% CI: 0.82-0.94) and 83% (95% CI: 0.78-0.86), respectively. Ten studies were included in the per-lesion analysis. Compared with the PP analysis, the corresponding pooled sensitivity declined to 77% (95% CI: 0.73-0.81) and specificity increased to 89% (95% CI: 0.87-0.90). Subgroup analysis showed that probe-based CLE (pCLE) was superior to endoscope-based CLE (eCLE) in pooled specificity [91.4% (95% CI: 89.7-92.9) vs 86.1% (95% CI: 84.3-87.8)] and AUC for the sROC (0.885 vs 0.762). Confocal laser endomicroscopy is a valid method to accurately differentiate neoplasms from non-neoplasms in BE. It can be applied to BE surveillance and early diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

863 Stool DNA Markers for the Detection of Neoplasia in Patients With Longstanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease

863 Stool DNA Markers for the Detection of Neoplasia in Patients With Longstanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Gene Signature Distinguishes Patients with Chronic Ulcerative Colitis Harboring Remote Neoplastic Lesions

Individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk for colorectal cancer. The standard method of surveillance for neoplasia in UC by colonoscopy is invasive and can miss flat lesions. We sought to identify a gene expression signature in nondysplastic mucosa without active inflammation that could serve as a marker for remote neoplastic lesions. Gene expression was analyzed by complementary DNA microarray in 5 normal controls, 4 UC patients without dysplasia, and 11 UC patients harboring remote neoplasia. Common gene ontology pathways of significantly differentially expressed genes were identified. Expression of genes which were progressively and significantly upregulated from controls to UC without neoplasia, to UC with remote neoplasia were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Several gene products were also examined by immunohistochemistry. Four hundred and sixty-eight genes were significantly upregulated, and 541 genes were significantly downregulated in UC patients with neoplasia compared with UC patients without neoplasia. Nine genes (ACSL1, BIRC3, CLC, CREM, ELTD1, FGG, S100A9, THBD, and TPD52L1) were progressively and significantly upregulated from controls to nondysplastic UC to UC with neoplasia. Immunostaining of proteins revealed increased expression of S100A9 and REG1α in UC-associated cancer and in nondysplastic tissue from UC patients harboring remote neoplasia compared with UC patients without neoplasia and controls. Gene expression changes occurring as a field effect in the distal colon of patients with chronic UC identify patients harboring remote neoplastic lesions. These markers may lead to a more accurate and less invasive method of detection of neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Clinical utility and interobserver agreement of autofluorescence imaging and magnification narrow-band imaging for the evaluation of Barrett's esophagus: a prospective tandem study

New endoscopic imaging techniques, such as autofluorescence imaging (AFI) and narrow-band imaging (NBI), have been developed to improve the detection of neoplastic lesions in Barrett's esophagus (BE). To evaluate the clinical utility of AFI and magnification NBI to detect high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and the interobserver agreement. Prospective tandem study of eligible patients. Single, academic tertiary care center. Forty-two patients with a history of confirmed BE were prospectively enrolled. The BE segment was examined under high-definition white-light endoscopy, and the presence of visible lesions was recorded. Subsequently, AFI and magnification NBI were performed in tandem on areas of the BE segment away from visible lesions; images obtained by these 2 systems were graded according to the color of reflected light and surface patterns, respectively. Biopsy specimens were obtained at the end of the procedure. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (NPV) of the AFI and NBI patterns for the detection of HGD/EAC and interobserver agreement. Of the 42 patients enrolled, 14 (33%) had HGD/EAC. On patient-based analysis, AFI alone had a sensitivity, specificity, and NPV of 50%, 61%, and 71%, respectively, and the overall accuracy for the detection of HGD/EAC patients was 57%. By using magnification NBI in tandem fashion, the sensitivity and NPV improved to 71% and 76%, respectively, with a decrease in specificity to 46% and in overall accuracy to 55%. The 2 techniques had moderate interobserver agreement for both the patterns and prediction of histology. Uncontrolled study performed at an academic center by expert endoscopists in a high-risk population. By using a multimodality endoscope, both AFI and magnification NBI had limited clinical accuracy and moderate overall interobserver agreement. AFI does not appear to be useful as a broad-based technique for the detection of neoplasia in patients with BE.

PMO-106 The role of endoscopic ultrasound in identifying chronic pancreatitis: a comparison pathological specimens

IntroductionImaging diagnostic criteria for chronic pancreatitis (CP) have long been debated. Patients with CP frequently undergo Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) as part of their diagnostic pathway, but it is unclear if...

Dual energy CT in patients with polycystic kidney disease

To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of dual source-dual energy CT (DECT) in the detection of neoplasia in patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). A total of 21 patients with PKD underwent DECT on a dual source system, using kVp settings of Sn140/100 or 140/80. Colour-coded iodine maps and virtual unenhanced images were used to determine enhancement within cysts and to differentiate haemorrhagic from simple cysts. A cut-off of 15HU was used as a threshold for malignancy. In patients with malignancy, histopathology was the gold standard; otherwise, patients underwent follow-up imaging for 150-908days. On the basis of measured enhancement, 13 enhancing masses were seen in 4 patients (12 renal cell cancers and 1 adenoma); follow-up imaging showed no malignancy in 18 patients. Cysts did not enhance by more than 15HU, whereas masses showed a mean enhancement of 45 (25-123)HU. Average radiation exposure was 9.6mSv for the biphasic protocol and 5.8mSv for DECT only. DECT greatly facilitates the detection of malignancy in patients with polycystic kidney disease, at the same time reducing radiation exposure by omission of a true unenhanced phase. • Identification of tumours within polycystic kidneys can be difficult. • Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) provides two separate sets of images. • Iodine maps and virtual non-enhanced (VNE) images can then be calculated. • DECT facilitates screening for potential renal tumours in polycystic kidneys.

110 Stool DNA Methylation Markers for the Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

110 Stool DNA Methylation Markers for the Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease