Detection Of N2H4 Research Articles

Engineering a fluorescent probe for the visual and wearable detection of N2H4 in foods, environment samples and biological imaging

Hydrazine (N2H4), as an important chemical raw material widely used in many fields, caused serious harm to human, food and environment. Therefore, a smart fluorescent probe TPC-N2H4 with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process was fabricated for colorimetric and fluorescent differentiating of N2H4 in many samples. When TPC-N2H4 met N2H4, blue emission at 451 nm was obviously observed attributed to the interruption of ICT process, resulting in the formation of the hydrazone structure. Additionally, smartphone-assisted colorimetric and fluorescent sensing platforms had been developed for real-time monitoring of N2H4. Importantly, TPC-N2H4 with low toxicity revealed its ability to image N2H4 in HeLa cells, onion and Arabidopsis thaliana. Interestingly, a hydrogel-coated cotton swab sensor was developed with TPC-N2H4 as recognition unit, which showed obvious color and emission changes after N2H4 fumigation with fast response speed. Flexible fluorescent TPC-N2H4-glove was constructed for wearable N2H4 detection and used to monitor N2H4 in food and environment samples. In brief, the TPC-N2H4 probe not only showed great potential in N2H4 detection for environmental and food safety, but also provided a new method for wearable tracking platforms in toxic substance detection.

An Aggregation-Induced Emissive Platinum(II) Metallacycle as the Energy Donor of Rhodols for Ratiometric Detection of Hydrazine.

Industry-produced hydrazine (N2H4) is released into the environment, posing a major risk to human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an effective and convenient method for the detection of N2H4. Herein, artificial light-harvesting systems (ALHSs) for N2H4 detection were constructed by applying an aggregation-induced emission-active platinum(II) metallacycle (TPEMc) as the energy donor and rhodols (P1, P2, and P3) as the energy acceptors. The ratiometric fluorescence probes based on ALHSs for N2H4 showed obvious signal amplification and lower limits of detection compared to those of rhodols (P1, P2, P3) alone. The TPEMc-rhodols systems clearly demonstrated a noticeable increase in fluorescence intensity at 550 nm and an obvious fluorescent color shift from cyan to yellow in the presence of N2H4. Fascinatingly, N2H4 could be visually and quantitatively detected in water by the TPEMc-rhodol systems paired with smartphone RGB analysis. Therefore, the combination of platinum(II) metallacycle with rhodols is a promising strategy for simple, sensitive, and visual detection of N2H4.

Construction of fluorescent probe based on phenoxazine for the detection of N2H4 in environmental, biological and food samples

Hydrazine (N2H4) is widely used in agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, but unintentional releases of hydrazine can be transmitted through food, organisms and the environment, ultimately posing a serious hazard to human health. Consequently, the development of a rapid and sensitive analytical tool for the detection of N2H4 is necessary. In this study, we present the synthesis and application of a novel molecular probe (Probe PM). The probe is characterised by its simple synthesis, high yield and a range of analytical properties including very high sensitivity (limit of detection as low as 17.1 nM) and a pronounced fluorescence spectral blue shift of 146 nm. These attributes have enabled the successful implementation of Probe PM in the qualitative and quantitative detection and visualization of hydrazine in diverse environmental and biological matrices, including water samples, soil samples, food products, and biological systems. The probe has great potential for detecting environmental and food safety.

Development of red fluorescent probe for visual detection of N2H4 via nanofiber membrane and its application in environmental analysis and biological imaging

Hydrazine (N2H4) is widely used in most industrial production. It is a harmful environmental pollutant and has strong toxicity to living organisms. Hence, it is imperative to employ approach for the real-time monitoring and tracking of N2H4. In this study, we developed the fluorescent probe DYY, incorporating an acetyl group as the recognition moiety, to achieve efficient detection of N2H4. The findings revealed that DYY exhibits excellent sensitivity (with a detection limit of 81 nM) and a wide pH range (2−8) in the detection of N2H4. Notably, upon the addition of N2H4, the color of the DYY solution transitioned from purple to blue, accompanied the fluorescence intensity increased by 11-fold increase in 643 nm. In addition, DYY demonstrated its capability in detecting N2H4 contamination within environmental water samples. Significantly, polymer nanofibers embedded with DYY were fabricated through the process of electrospinning, allowing for the visual identification of N2H4. Furthermore, it showed excellent performance in detecting N2H4 in HepG2 cells and zebrafish, demonstrating its potential for labeling N2H4 in living systems. Therefore, we are confident that this probe holds significant potential for environmental analysis and the detection of health indicators in living organisms.

A novel coumarin-naphthalimide-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for efficiently monitoring of hydrazine in environmental water.

A novel coumarin-naphthalimide-based ratiometric fluorescent probe, called XPT, was synthesized with the aim of achieving high sensitivity and anti-interference for N2H4 detection. The probe XPT consists of coumarin species and naphthalimide species, which act as the energy donor and acceptor, respectively. The phthalimide group functions as the recognition unit for N2H4. Without the presence of hydrazine, the naphthalimide remains in a non-fluorogenic phthalimide mode, disrupting the FRET signal. However, the phthalimide group undergoes the Gabriel reaction to an amine, which induces FRET and consequently causes a shift in the emitted fluorescence from 468 to 528 nm when N2H4 was added. The results of the study demonstrated that XPT exhibits high sensitivity with a limit of detection 2.2 μM, as well as selectivity. Furthermore, it is remarkable that the distribution of N2H4 in real water samples can be monitored by XPT.

Fluorescent probe for imaging N2H4 in plants, food, and living cells and for quantitative detection of N2H4 in soil and water using a smartphone

Hydrazine is volatile and highly toxic, causing severe harm to water, soil, air, and organisms. Therefore, real-time detection and long-term monitoring of hydrazine are crucial for environmental protection and human health. Herein, an “OFF−ON” fluorescent probe 5-((10-ethyl-2-methoxy-10 H-phenothiazin-3-yl)methylene)−2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (MPD) for hydrazine detection through a nucleophilic addition reaction was developed. MPD could exclusively identify hydrazine through colorimetric and fluorescent dual-channel responses within 30 s, which also demonstrated high sensitivity (detection limit, 12 nM) and a wide pH range (6 −12). The sensing mechanism of MPD was confirmed using theoretical calculations, where fluorescence was emitted following the recognition of hydrazine because of the disappearance of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. Using a smartphone, MPD enabled the quantitative detection of hydrazine in real water samples and sandy soil. Notably, in the process of detecting hydrazine in actual water samples, the establishment of analytical methods and the completion of rapid quantitative detection only required a smartphone and built-in apps. Additionally, we showed that MPD could recognize hydrazine in various environmental samples, including plants, food, hydrazine vapors, and cells. We believe that the fluorescent probe MPD developed in this study and the established smartphone visualization platform will provide a convenient and effective tool for detecting hydrazine in environmental monitoring, food safety assessment, biological system safety, and other fields.

A versatile fluorescent probe for the ratiometric detection of hydrazine (N2H4) in water, soil, plant, and food samples

Hydrazine (N2H4) is a crucial chemical raw material extensively utilized in chemical production. However, due to its volatility, water solubility, and high toxicity, both the gaseous form and aqueous solution of N2H4 pose significant environmental risks by causing severe pollution that can adversely impact plants, microorganisms, and human health. Therefore, accurate detection of N2H4 in the environment is imperative for safeguarding public health. In this study, we synthesized a ratiometric fluorescent probe (BCaz-Cy2) based on Carbazole and Hemicyanine groups. This probe exhibits simple synthesis procedure, rapid response time, high sensitivity and selectivity as well as remarkable detection signals. It enables effective detection of N2H4 in various matrices such as water, food, soil and plant samples thereby significantly expanding the scope of applications for N2H4 probes.

N-(2-formylphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide: A simple endoplasmic reticulum-targetable probe for the ratiometric fluorescent detection of hydrazine in environmental and biological systems

Hydrazine (N2H4) is widely used in the industry; however, it is highly toxic to the environment and humans. Detection of N2H4 at the specific subcellular organelle, e.g., endoplasmic reticulum (ER), helps elucidate its toxicological mechanism in the biological systems. In this study, a simple aldehyde-based probe with methylbenzenesulfonamide as an ER-targeting group was designed for the fluorescent ratiometric detection of N2H4. The green fluorescence of probe 1 was quenched by N2H4, emitting a blue emission. This process was highly selective and sensitive toward N2H4, as characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory calculation analysis. Moreover, probe 1 was used to detect N2H4 in water and soil samples, and the 1-loaded test trip was fabricated for conveniently monitoring N2H4 in aqueous solution and gas states. The probe was confirmed as an excellent tool for monitoring N2H4 in the ER of living cells, plants, and animals.

Phenanthroimidazole-based fluorescence probe for discriminative detecting of hydrazine and bisulfite and its applications in environmental samples

Hydrazine (N2H4) and bisulfite (HSO3–) detection methods are urgently needed due to its harmful to the human health and environment safety. Herein, we reported a dual-response fluorescence probe EPC, which is capable of sequential detection of N2H4 and HSO3– by two different fluorescence signals. The probe EPC itself showed yellow florescence. In presence of N2H4, probe EPC exhibited an obviously fluorescence change (from yellow to green). However, a new addition product came into being after probe EPC mixed with HSO3–, followed with weak yellow emission. More important, probe EPC exhibited excellent fluorescence response properties for N2H4 and HSO3–, such as high sensitivity (0.182 µM for N2H4, 0.093 µM for HSO3–), rapid response (55 s for N2H4, 45 s for HSO3–), excellent selectivity and anti-interference performance. The sensing mechanisms for N2H4 and HSO3– were proved by 1H NMR and MS spectra. Practical applications were studied. EPC based test paper can be utilized for quantitative detecting N2H4 in actual water samples. And, probe EPC has been successfully applied to recognize N2H4 contaminant in soil samples. Moreover, EPC has great potential to be used to detect HSO3– in real food samples.

A new phenoxazine-indanedione turn-on fluorescent probe with ultra-sensitivity for detecting hydrazine and its application in drinks, human urine and water samples and colorimetric test strips

Considering that hydrazine (N2H4) is a suspected carcinogen and shows severe toxicity to ecological and human health, thus, the effective detection of N2H4 is an urgent need throughout the globe. In this work, a new phenoxazine-indanedione turn-on fluorescent probe PI was developed and applied for visually/ultra-sensitively monitoring N2H4 in aqueous media. A brilliant green fluorescence lighting-up response of probe PI was achieved upon the N2H4 adding. The N2H4 detection by probe PI shows significant advantages of high-specificity, favorable pH working range (3 ∼ 11), and ultra-sensitivity with an extreme low-detection-limit (0.85 nM). The mechanism for N2H4 detection was ascribed to the N2H4-induced C = C breakage, which was proved by the spectral means and DFT investigations. Probe PI-laden silica-gel, and paper/TLC strips were conveniently constructed for on-site and real-time visual monitoring gaseous and aqueous N2H4, demonstrating its potential application value. More importantly, the PI could accurately and ultra-sensitively monitor trace amounts of N2H4 in real samples such as drinks, water and human urine with high precision. Overall, this work provided a new valuable turn-on fluorescent probe for ultra-sensitively detecting N2H4.

Synthesis and application of a novel fluorescent probe based on benzothiazole for detection of hydrazine in real samples

ABSTRACT A novel fluorescence enhancement type probe 2-(1, 3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-5-(diethylamino)phenyl thiophene-2-carboxylate (PTN) for the detection of hydrazine (N2H4) was designed and synthesised. The fluorescence of the probe PTN solution increased dramatically upon the addition of N2H4 and its appearance changed from nearly colourless to dazzling blue. The simple structure and readily available fluorescent probe provide a novel approach for the quantitative detection of N2H4 in the linear range from 0 to 37.5 μM, with a detection limit down to 56 nM, fast response (within 5 min), strong anti-interference ability, easy operation (test paper), and a wide range of pH from 6 to 10. Furthermore, the probe PTN was able to detect N2H4 in actual water samples and image the exogenous N2H4 signal in colorimetric test strips and living zebrafish.

Pyrazole probes for the detection of N2H4 with ICT properties in live cells and soils

Here, the two novel fluorescent probes Z1 and Z2 have been designed and synthesized based on pyrazole derivative to recognize hydrazine, and the molecular structure was determined by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS. The obtained probe molecules have AIE and ICT characteristics. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (NMR) and theoretical calculations were used to confirm the identification mechanism. Probes Z1 and Z2 have good selectivity, low detection limits (0.197 µM and 0.185 µM, respectively), and high sensitivity. Probes Z1 and Z2 have large Stokes shifts of 198 nm and 211 nm, respectively. The probes also could be made into test paper strips for the detection of hydrazine. Furthermore, the probes can be used in the detection of N2H4 in environmental soil samples and cell imaging. The results showed that the synthetic probe had good biocompatibility. Cell imaging experiments were performed to apply probes to the detection of hydrazine hydrate in HeLa cells.

Near-Infrared Catalytic Chemiluminescence System based on Zinc Gallate Nanoprobe for Hydrazine Sensing.

To the deep tissue penetration and ultra-low background, developing near-infrared (NIR) chemiluminescence probes for human health and environmental safety has attracted more and more attention, but it remains a huge challenge. Herein, a novel NIR chemiluminescence (CL) system was rationally designed and developed, utilizing Cr3+-activated ZnGa2O4 (ZGC) nanoparticles as a catalytic luminophore via hypochlorite (NaClO) activation for poisonous target (hydrazine, N2H4) detection. With superior optical performance and unique catalytic structure of ZGC nanoparticles, the fabricated ZGC-NaClO-N2H4 CL system successfully demonstrated excellent NIR emission centered at 700 nm, fast response, and high sensibility (limit of detection down to 0.0126 μM). Further experimental studies and theoretical calculations found the cooperative catalytic chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer mechanism in the ZGC-NaClO-N2H4 system. Remarkably, the ZGC-based NIR CL system was further employed for N2H4 detection in a complicated matrix involving bioimaging and real water samples, thereby opening a new way as a highly reliable and accurate tool in biomedical and environmental monitoring applications.

Tumbleweed-like aggregation-induced-emission microrobots: Swarming for ultra-tracing of hydrazine

Hydrazine (N2H4) poses severe health risks even in trace amounts due to the highly carcinogenic and teratogenic degeneration while it is frequently used in industrial products. However, current techniques are difficult to perform in-situ detection of N2H4 within confined sophisticated reactors or slim apparatus. Bioinspired by natural plant tumbleweed, we have demonstrated that swarming aggregation-induced emission microrobots (AIE-bots), which have a tumbleweed-like macroporous structure, are capable of performing motile-targeting detection of N2H4 leakage or accumulation. In this protocol, the AIE-bots are assembled from emulsion droplets containing AIEgens and hydrophobic Fe3O4 nanoparticles evenly distributed in CHCl3 and n-hexane through phase separation during the evaporation of volatile solvents. Upon the application of a precessing B(t), the AIE-bots can wobble in swarms and adaptively navigate through narrow channels without adjusting B(t). Additionally, they can efficiently ascend steep slopes with angles up to 45° due to the lightweight and coarse surface. While moving, the swarming AIE-bots can in-situ perceive the N2H4 concentration surrounding with an LOD of 3.81 ppb via fluorescence enhancement based on the Schiff base reaction. This work provides a microrobot detecting unknown toxin leakage or accumulation in hard-to-reach microenvironments, and will inspire the development of fluorescent micro-/nanorobots for intelligent motile sensing.

Near-infrared dual-response fluorescent probe for detection of N2H4 and intracellular viscosity changes in biological samples and various water samples

N2H4 is a common raw material used in the production of pesticides and has good water solubility, so it may contaminate water sources and eventually enter living organisms, causing serious health problems. Viscosity is an important indicator of the cellular microenvironment and an early warning signal for many diseases. The high reactivity of hydrazine depletes glutathione (GSH) in hepatocytes, causing oxidative stress ultimately leading to significant changes in intracellular viscosity and even death. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop an effective method to detect N2H4 and viscosity in environmental and biological systems. On this basis, we developed two fluorescent probes, BDD and BHD, based on xanthene and 2-benzothiazole acetonitrile. The experimental results show that BHD and BDD have good imaging capabilities for N2H4 in cells, zebrafish and Arabidopsis. BHD and BDD also showed sensitive detection and fluorescence enhancement in the near-infrared region when the intracellular viscosity was changed. Notably, the probe BDD has also successfully imaged N2H4 in a variety of real water samples.

A novel dual-responsive colorimetric/fluorescent probe for the detection of N2H4 and ClO− and its application in environmental analysis and bioimaging

Hydrazine (N2H4) and hypochlorite (ClO−) are both reactive chemical substances extensively utilized across various industrial domains. Excessive hydrazine (N2H4) and hypochlorite (ClO−) can pose significant risks to the environment, ecosystems, and human health. In order to assess and control the environmental hazard caused by N2H4 and ClO−, there is an imperative need for efficient methods capable of rapid and precise detection of these contaminants. This paper introduces a novel dual-responsive colorimetric/fluorescent probe (MDT) for the detection of N2H4 and ClO− in environmental and biological samples. The probe exhibits turn-on fluorescent responses to N2H4 or ClO− with low detection limits (N2H4: 8 nM; ClO−: 15 nM), large Stokes shifts (N2H4: 175 nm; ClO−: 203 nm), short response time (N2H4: 4 min; ClO−: 5 s) and broad pH range (5−10). In practical applications, MDT has been successfully employed in detecting N2H4 and ClO− in water and soil samples from diverse locations. Test strips loaded with MDT offer a visual and convenient means to track N2H4 vapor and quantify N2H4 and ClO− concentrations in solutions. Finally, MDT has been utilized for sensing N2H4 and ClO− in Arabidopsis thaliana roots and living zebrafish. This study presents a promising tool for monitoring N2H4 and ClO− in the environment and living organisms.

Highly sensitive hydrazine detection through a novel Raman scattering quenching mechanism enabled by a crystalline and noble metal-free polyoxometalate substrate

In the field of Raman spectroscopy detection, the quest for a non-noble metal, recyclable, and highly sensitive detection substrate is of utmost importance. In this work, a new crystalline and noble metal-free substrate of [Bi(DMF)8][PMo12O40] (Bi-PMo12) is designed, which is composed of [PMo12O40]3− and solvated [Bi(DMF)8]3+ cations. Mechanistic studies have revealed that Raman scattering quenching phenomenon arises from two main factors. Firstly, it arises from the absorption of the scattered light due to the transition of a single electron in the reduced state of MoV between 4d orbitals. Secondly, after the interaction between the substrate and hydrazine, the surface undergoes varying degrees of roughening, leading to an impact on the scattered light intensity. These two effects collectively contribute to the detection of low concentrations of N2H4. As a result, Bi-PMo12 opens up a novel Raman scattering quenching mechanism to realize the detection of reduced N2H4 small molecules. A remarkably low detection limit of 4.5 × 10−9 ppm for N2H4 is achieved on the Bi-PMo12 substrate. This detection has a lower concentration than the currently known SERS detection of N2H4. Moreover, Bi-PMo12 can be recovered and reused through recrystallization, achieving a recovery rate of up to ca. 51%. This study reveals the underlying potential of crystalline polyoxometalate materials in the field of Raman detection, thus opening up new avenues for highly sensitive analysis using Raman techniques.

A novel near-infrared fluorescence probe for detecting N2H4 and its application in natural environment and biological system

Hydrazine is toxic and reductive, and excessive intake will cause irreversible harm to animals and plants. It is necessary to develop an effective method to detect N2H4. Therefore, in this paper, a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe XCCM was designed and synthesized with xanthene as the fluorophore for the detection of N2H4. The probe XCCM is very sensitive to N2H4 (LOD = 13.3 nM), fast response (20 s) and has a very large Stokes shift value (231 nm). In addition, it has been successfully applied to detect N2H4 in natural environment (actual water sample, soil and food) and biological system (HepG2 cells).

A dual-color ESIPT-based probe for simultaneous detection of hydrogen sulfide and hydrazine.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrazine (N2H4) are toxic compounds in environmental and living systems, and hydrogen sulfide is also an important signaling molecule. However, in the absence of dual-color probes capable of detecting both H2S and N2H4, the ability to monitor the crosstalk of these substances is restricted. Herein, we developed an ESIPT-based dual-response fluorescent probe (BDM-DNP) for H2S and N2H4 detection via dually responsive sites. The BDM-DNP possessed absorbing strength in the detection of H2S and N2H4, with a large Stokes shift (156 nm for H2S and 108 nm for N2H4), high selectivity and sensitivity, and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, BDM-DNP can be utilized for the detection of hydrogen sulfide and hydrazine in actual soil, and gaseous H2S and N2H4 in environmental systems. Notably, BDM-DNP can detect H2S and N2H4 in living cells for disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

Myricetin-based fluorescence probes with AIE and ESIPT properties for detection of hydrazine in the environment and fingerprinting

BackgroundHydrazine (N2H4) is a highly toxic and versatile chemical raw material, which poses a serious threat to the environment and human health when used in large quantities. However, the traditional methods for the detection of N2H4 have the disadvantages of time-consuming, complicated operation and expensive instruments. In contrast, fluorescence probes have many advantages, such as simple operation, high sensitivity, good selectivity, and fast response time. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fluorescence probe that can rapidly and accurately detect the presence of N2H4 and monitor the changes in its concentration. ResultsFor this purpose, we designed and synthesized a series of myricetin fluorescence probes 3-(substituent group)-5,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy.phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (Myr-R) for N2H4 detection. In the presence of N2H4, the probe 5,7-dimethoxy-3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoate)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphen-yl).-4H-chr-omen-4-one (Myr-3) shows significant fluorescence changes, double emission properties and a large Stokes shift (183 nm), and exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity to N2H4 (The detection limit is 93 nM). Importantly, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of N2H4 in water, soil, and air can be accomplished using fluorescence, smartphone, and UV lamps coupled with Myr-3. In addition, Myr-3 can be used for monitoring and imaging intracellular N2H4. Meanwhile, the fluorophore 3-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-benzopyran-4-one (Myr-Me) was applied to fingerprinting of different substrate materials due to the fact that it exhibits strong yellow fluorescence emission in the solid state and shows excellent contrast and high resolution. SignificanceThe probe Myr-3 is not only able to rapidly detect N2H4 in complex environments, but also can be used for imaging intracellular N2H4. In addition, the fluorophore Myr-Me can be used as an effective imaging agent for visual fingerprinting. These properties enable the probe Myr-3 and the fluorophore Myr-Me for a wide range of potential applications in related fields.