Detection Of Myoglobin Research Articles

Fluorescence turn-off detection of myoglobin as a cardiac biomarker using water-stable L-glutamic acid functionalized cesium lead bromide perovskite quantum dots.

Water dispersible L-glutamic acid (Glu) functionalized cesium lead bromide perovskite quantum dots (CsPbBr3 PQDs), namely CsPbBr3@Glu PQDs were synthesized and used for the fluorescence "turn-off" detection of myoglobin (Myo). The as-prepared CsPbBr3@Glu PQDs exhibited an exceptional photoluminescence quantum yield of 25% and displayed emission peak at 520nm when excited at 380nm. Interestingly, thefluorescence "turn-off" analytical approach was designed to detect Myo using CsPbBr3@Glu PQDs as a simple optical probe. The developed probe exhibited awide linear range (0.1-25µM) and a detection limit of 42.42nM for Myo sensing. The CsPbBr3@Glu PQDs-based optical probe provides high ability to determineMyo in serum and plasma samples.

Label-free fluorescent aptasensor for myoglobin detection based on an aggregation-induced emission enhancement imidazole compound and a Fe3O4@4-VP platform

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is recognized as one of the deadliest cardiovascular diseases in the world, causing serious public health problems worldwide. Myoglobin (Mb) is an important biomarker for AMI. Therefore, the accurate detection of Mb is crucial for the early detection and clinical diagnosis of AMI. In this study, a novel imidazole Compound C and novel Fe3O4@4-VP microspheres were prepared and used to construct an unlabeled fluorescence aptasensor for Mb detection. Compound C can bind to the aptamer of Mb (Mb-Apt) through electrostatic attraction to form a C/Mb-Apt complex and produce the aggregation-induced emission enhancement effect. Then, Mb was added to the C/Mb-Apt solution. Mb could combine with C/Mb-Apt to form a C/Mb-Apt/Mb complex. Subsequently, Fe3O4@4-VP was added to the above mixture. The bases of Mb-Apt already combined with Mb, and thus, C/Mb-Apt/Mb would no longer interact with the pyridine rings on the surface of Fe3O4@4-VP through π-π stacking. After magnetic separation, the C/Mb-Apt/Mb complex remained in the supernate. The supernate exhibited strong fluorescence and its fluorescent intensity was proportional to the level of Mb. Experimental results showed an excellent linear relationship between the fluorescent intensity of the supernate and the level of Mb within the range of 0.167–20 ng/mL, with a detection limit reaching as low as 0.05 ng/mL (S/N = 3). In addition, the aptasensor exhibited high specificity and could be used for detecting Mb in human serum.

Electrochemical and Plasmonic Detection of Myocardial Infarction Using Microfluidic Biochip Incorporated with Mesoporous Nanoscaffolds.

This paper reports a microfluidic device for the electrochemical and plasmonic detection of cardiac myoglobin (cMb) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) with noticeable limits of detection (LoD) as low as a few picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) ranges, achieved in a short detection time. The device features two working electrodes, each with a mesoporous Ni3V2O8 nanoscaffold grafted with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) that improves the interaction of diffusing analyte molecules with the sensing surface by providing a high surface area and reaction kinetics. Electrochemical studies reveal sensitivities as high as 9.68 μA ng/mL and a LoD of 2.0 pg/mL for cTnI, and 8.98 μA ng/mL and 4.7 pg/mL for cMb. Additionally, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies demonstrate a low-level LoD of 8.8 pg/mL for cMb and 7.3 pg/mL for cTnI. The dual-modality sensor enables dynamic tracking of kinetic antigen-antibody interactions during sensing, self-verification through providing signals of two modes, and reduced false readout. This study demonstrates the complementary nature of the electrochemical and SPR modes in biosensing, with the electrochemical mode being highly sensitive and the SPR mode providing superior tracking of molecular recognition behaviors. The presented sensor represents a significant innovation in cardiovascular disease management and can be applied to monitor other clinically important biomolecules.

Sandwich-type electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive detection of myoglobin based on Pt@CuCo-oxide nanoparticles as a signal marker

When an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs, myoglobin (Mb) is the biomarker whose concentration firstly increases, and the high sensitive detection of Mb is critical for early diagnosis of AMI. Herein, a sandwich-type electrochemical aptasensor for the sensitive detection of Mb was constructed by using Pt@Cu1.33OCo0.83O as the signal marker. On one hand, nano-flower-like Cu1.33OCo0.83O was synthesized by hydrothermal method and Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were loaded on its surface. Pt@Cu1.33OCo0.83O could immobilize aptamer 2 (Apt2) successfully by the Pt–S bond. And because of the synergistic effect between Pt and bimetallic oxide, Pt@Cu1.33OCo0.83O had an excellent catalytic effect on the signal source of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to amplify the current signal, which enhance the sensitivity of the aptasensor. On the other hand, the screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) was used as the sensing base, which had good conductivity and ensured the immobilization of aptamer 1 (Apt1). The quantitative detection of Mb was achieved by specific recognition between Mb and Apt1, Apt2. As a result, the constructed electrochemical aptasensor had a good linear range (1–1500 ng/mL) with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.128 ng/mL (S/N = 3), and a high sensitivity of 29.47 μA dec−1. The aptasensor also realized the detection of Mb in human serum samples with good accuracy, and the results were consistent with the hospital's biochemical indicators, which demonstrated the potential application of the prepared sensor in the clinical detection of Mb.

Highly Sensitive Immunochromatographic Detection of Porcine Myoglobin as Biomarker for Meat Authentication Using Prussian Blue Nanozyme.

This study was aimed at the sensitive immunodetection of porcine myoglobin (MG) as a species-specific biomarker in meat products. The enhanced lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was created in the sandwich format using monoclonal antibodies (Mab) with specificity to porcine MG and labeled by Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) as peroxidase-mimicking nanozymes. Signal amplification was provided by the colored product of oxidation catalyzed by the PBNPs. Several Mab-PBNP conjugates with different antibody loads were synthesized; the one that provided the best analytical characteristics of the LFIA was selected. Advanced optimization of the test system was carried out. As a result, the visual limit of detection (LOD) of MG was 1.5 ng/mL. Involvement of the catalytic nanozyme properties allowed the LOD to be decreased by ~9 times in comparison to the LFIA based on gold nanomarkers, and by ~27 times compared to the LFIA based on PBNP coloration. The assay time was 30 min, including catalytic enhancement. A simple technique of meat sample pre-treatment aimed at effective MG extraction and matrix disposal was proposed. The specificity of the LFIA towards the pork meat was demonstrated. The applicability of the created test system was shown by testing extracts obtained from finished meat products.

A capillary-based microfluidic chip with the merits of low cost and easy fabrication for the rapid detection of acute myocardial infarction

Point-of-care testing methods currently utilize rapid, portable, inexpensive, and multiplexed on-site detection. Microfluidic chips have become a very promising platform with broad development prospects due to their breakthrough improvement in miniaturization and integration. However, the conventional microfluidic chips still have disadvantages, such as difficulty in fabrication processing, long production time and high cost, which hinder its applications in the fields of POCT and in vitro diagnostics. In this study, a capillary-based microfluidic chip with the characteristics of low cost and easy fabrication was developed for the rapid detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Several short capillaries, which were already conjugated with the capture antibodies respectively, were connected by peristaltic pump tubes and then formed the working capillary. Two working capillaries were encapsulated in the plastic shell and ready for the immunoassay. Multiplex detection of Myoglobin (Myo), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were chosen to demonstrate the feasibility and analytical performance of the microfluidic chip, which requires rapid and accurate detection during diagnosis and therapy for AMI. The capillary-based microfluidic chip required tens of minutes to prepared, and its cost was less than $1. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5 ng/mL for Myo, 0.1 ng/mL for cTnI and 0.5 ng/mL for CK-MB respectively. The capillary-based microfluidic chips with easy fabrication and low cost hold promise for the portable and low-cost detection of target biomarkers.

Optical Biosensors Based on Nanostructured Silicon High-Contrast Gratings for Myoglobin Detection

Optical Biosensors Based on Nanostructured Silicon High-Contrast Gratings for Myoglobin Detection

Carbon Nanotube-Gold Nanoparticle-Based Self-Powered Electrochemical Biosensors for Highly Sensitive and Stable Detection of Myoglobin

A convenient and ultrasensitive self-powered aptasensing device based on an enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC) was developed for myoglobin (Mb) detection. The self-powered aptasensor was composed of a functionalized biocathode with carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle-aptamer (CNT-AuNP-aptamer) and a bioanode with carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle-glucose oxidase (CNT-AuNP-GOx). To ensure the performance of the self-powered aptasensor, the CNT-AuNP hybrid was selected as the electrode material because of its excellent biocompatibility, superior electrical conductivity, and chemical stability. Meanwhile, aptamer was assembled onto the CNT-AuNP functionalized biocathode through the Au–S bond. When the Mb was present, the aptamer could capture it on the biocathode via specific recognition, and the significant steric hindrance efficiently blocked the electronic transport for the redox probe [Fe(CN)6]3– at the biocathode, which caused a dramatic decrease of the open-circuit voltage (EOCV). Promisingly, this self-powered aptasensor has particularly high sensitivity for Mb detection over a wide concentration spectrum of 0.1–1 × 104 ng mL–1; the detection limit is as low as 0.011 ng mL–1 (S/N = 3), and the sensor has excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. In addition, the results of the relative standard deviation (RSD) (3.19–5.34%) and recovery (99.27–101.34%) indicated that the aptasensor can be applied to accurately assay Mb within complex biological matrices. As in situ Mb monitoring is of crucial clinical diagnostic significance, this work not only provides an intelligent method for ultrasensitive biosensing of Mb but also is a prospective prototype for a portable and in situ biomedical sensor.

Minimizing Cross-Reactivity for the Chemiluminescent Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Cardiac Troponin I Based on PEGylation of Gold Nanoparticles.

Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have been employed extensively for the rapid, accurate, and portable detection of protein biomarkers in healthcare. However, the cross-reactivity, especially in the multiplexed detection, leads to false-positive errors that would further limit their practical applications. In this work, we report a highly sensitive and accurate chemiluminescent LFIA based on the synthesis of the Au nanoparticle-antibody-horseradish peroxidase-polyethylene glycol conjugate for detecting cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a major biomarker of acute myocardial infarction. Due to the presence of polyethylene glycol, the accuracy of the LFIA was improved significantly from a clear false positive signal to the absence of a false positive signal. In addition, the device exhibited a highly sensitive detection of cTnI in the concentration range of 1-90 ng mL-1, and the detection limit can be as low as 10 pg mL-1. The method further enabled the multiplex detection of cTnI and myoglobin successfully. It is anticipated that this work may open new paradigms for the development of a variety of lateral flow devices with high sensitivity and accuracy and further lead to widespread practical applications in clinical diagnosis.

Application of portable Vis-NIR spectroscopy for rapid detection of myoglobin in frozen pork

Myoglobin content is considered as a crucial index to evaluate the quality of frozen pork. In this study, a portable visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectrometer combined with chemometrics was used to detect myoglobin content in frozen pork. Metmyoglobin, deoxymyoglobin, oxymyoglobin, and total myoglobin were assessed spectrophotometrically. The raw Vis-NIR spectra of frozen pork samples were pre-processed using 1st derivatives (FD). Afterward, Synergy Interval Partial Least Square (Si-PLS) coupled Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling algorithm (Si-CARS-PLS) was applied to select characteristic variables. The Si-CARS-PLS models revealed the probability of estimating myoglobin content in frozen pork, with predictive correlation coefficients (Rp) for metmyoglobin, deoxymyoglobin, oxymyoglobin, and total myoglobin as 0.9095, 0.9004, 0.8578, and 0.9133, respectively. The findings of this study showed that Vis-NIR spectroscopy coupled with Si-CARS-PLS is a promising method and offered a way forward for determining the myoglobin content in frozen pork.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of blue fluorescent molybdenum nanoclusters with maltose-cysteine Schiff base for detection of myoglobin and γ-aminobutyric acid in biofluids.

The fabrication of stable fluorescent MoNCs (molybdenum nanoclusters) in aqueous media is quite challenging as it is not much explored yet. Herein, we report a facile and efficient strategy for fabricating MoNCs using 2,3 dialdehyde maltose-cysteine Schiff base (DAM-cysteine) as a ligand for detecting myoglobin and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in biofluids with high selectivity and sensitivity. The DAM-cysteine-MoNCs displayed fluorescence of bright blue color under a UV light at 365 nm with an emission peak at 444 nm after excitation at 370 nm. The synthesized DAM-cysteine-MoNCs were homogeneously distributed with a mean size of 2.01 ± 0.98 nm as confirmed by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Further, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques were utilized to confirm the elemental oxidation states and surface functional groups of the DAM-cysteine-MoNCs. After the addition of myoglobin and GABA, the emission peak of DAM-cysteine-MoNCs at 444 nm was significantly quenched. This resulted in the development of a quantitative assay for the detection of myoglobin (0.1-0.5μM) and GABA (0.125-2.5μM) with the lower limit of detection as 56.48 and 112.75 nM for myoglobin and GABA, respectively.

Point-of-care paper-based analytical device for potentiometric detection of myoglobin as a cardiovascular disease biomarker.

One of the cardiac biomarkers, myoglobin (Mb), is important in the rapid identification of cardio-vascular disorders. Therefore, point-of-care monitoring is essential. Pursuing this goal, a robust, reliable, and affordable paper-based analytical apparatus for potentiometric sensing has been developed and characterized. The molecular imprint technique was used to create a customized biomimetic antibody for myoglobin (Mb) on the surface of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH). This was accomplished by attaching Mb to carboxylated MWCNTs' surfaces and then filling the empty spaces through the mild polymerization of acrylamide in N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and ammonium persulphate. The modification of the MWCNTs' surface was verified by SEM and FTIR analysis. A hydrophobic paper substrate coated with fluorinated alkyl silane (CF3(CF2)7CH2CH2SiCl3, CF10) has been coupled with a printed all-solid-state Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The presented sensors showed a linear range of 5.0 × 10-8 to 1.0 × 10-4 M with a potentiometric slope of -57.1 ± 0.3 mV decade-1 (R2 = 0.9998) and a detection limit of 28 nM at pH 4. Compared to creatinine, sucrose, fructose, galactose, sodium glutamate, thiamine, alanine, ammonium, uric acid, albumin, glutamine, guanine, troponine T, and glucose, the sensor showed good selectivity for Mb. It demonstrated a good recovery for the detection of Mb in several fake serum samples (93.0-103.3%), with an average relative standard deviation of 4.5%. The current approach might be viewed as a potentially fruitful analytical tool for obtaining disposable, cost-effective paper-based potentiometric sensing devices. These types of analytical devices can be potentially manufacturable at large scales in clinical analysis.

Highly Sensitive and Specific Detection of Myoglobin in the Urine Based on Enhanced Photothermal Effect

Acute myocardial infarction can be diagnosed by measurement of myoglobin concentration in urine. In this article, a label-free sensor is proposed based on the photothermal effect of biomolecules, which is used for the immediate detection of myoglobin concentration in urine. The sensor was fabricated by a tapered microfiber (TMF) coated with the ultraviolet-curable polymer (UVCP) that has a high thermo-optical coefficient. The photothermal signal of biomolecules is only related to their selective absorption, while the scattering and reflection losses do not generate the photothermal signal. Therefore, specific identification could be realized by detecting the photothermal signal of myoglobin biomolecules. The results showed that the UVCP could enhance the detection sensitivity of photothermal signal due to the high thermo-optic coefficient. The sensitivity of the device is −267.652 nm/(mg/mL) in the concentration range of 0.0001–0.10 mg/mL, the limit of detection (LOD) is 74.7 ng/mL, and the response time is only 30 s. It can meet the demand for detecting the myoglobin concentrations in the urine analysis of related diseases, which has potential applications in the early diagnosis and quantitative analysis of conditions.

Label-Free Myoglobin Biosensor Based on Pure and Copper-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials.

In this study, using pure and copper-doped titanium dioxide (Cu-TiO2) nanostructures as the base matrix, enzyme-less label free myoglobin detection to identify acute myocardial infarction was performed and presented. The Cu-TiO2 nanomaterials were prepared using facile sol-gel method. In order to comprehend the morphologies, compositions, structural, optical, and electrochemical characteristics, the pure and Cu-TiO2 nanomaterials were investigated by several techniques which clearly revealed good crystallinity and high purity. To fabricate the enzyme-less label free biosensor, thick films of synthesized nanomaterials were applied to the surface of a pre-fabricated gold screen-printed electrode (Au-SPE), which serves as a working electrode to construct the myoglobin (Mb) biosensors. The interference study of the fabricated biosensor was also carried out with human serum albumin (HSA) and cytochrome c (cyt-c). Interestingly, the Cu-doped TiO2 nanomaterial-based Mb biosensor displayed a higher sensitivity of 61.51 µAcm-2/nM and a lower detection limit of 14 pM with a response time of less than 10 ms.

Electrochemical sensor based on antibody modified of MnO2@CNTs/GCE for cardiac myoglobin detection in human blood serum as a sensitive marker of muscle damage

Electrochemical sensor based on antibody modified of MnO2@CNTs/GCE for cardiac myoglobin detection in human blood serum as a sensitive marker of muscle damage

Fabrication and Characterization of Acute Myocardial Infarction Myoglobin Biomarker Based on Chromium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

In this article, we describe the fabrication and characterization of a sensor for acute myocardial infarction that detects myoglobin biomarkers using chromium (Cr)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). Pure and Cr-doped ZnO NPs (13 × 1017, 20 × 1017, and 32 × 1017 atoms/cm3 in the solid phase) were synthesized by a facile low-temperature sol-gel method. Synthesized NPs were examined for structure and morphological analysis using various techniques to confirm the successful formation of ZnO NPs. Zeta potential was measured in LB media at a negative value and increased with doping. XPS spectra confirmed the presence of oxygen deficiency in the synthesized material. To fabricate the sensor, synthesized NPs were screen-printed over a pre-fabricated gold-coated working electrode for electrochemical detection of myoglobin (Mb). Cr-doped ZnO NPs doped with 13 × 1017 Cr atomic/cm3 revealed the highest sensitivity of ~37.97 μA.cm−2nM−1 and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15 nM for Mb with a response time of ≤10 ms. The interference study was carried out with cytochrome c (Cyt-c) due to its resemblance with Mb and human serum albumin (HSA) abundance in the blood and displayed distinct oxidation potential and current values for Mb. Cr-doped ZnO NP-based Mb biosensors showed 3 times higher sensitivity as compared to pure ZnO NP-based sensors.

Facile fabrication of silver-nanowire-based chips using dry-film photoresist for wearable optical detection

With technological advances in wearable health care monitoring system, there increasing demands for the patterning technology for reliable sensors. Dry-film photoresists (DFRs) have several advantages for the patterning of silver nanowires (AgNWs), including cost-effectiveness, low toxicity of the process, and ease of mass production through a roll-to-roll process. In this study, using DFRs, we achieved the facile fabrication of AgNW-based chips for optical detection of myoglobin (Mb) via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Mb is found in accessible biological fluids such as urine and serum, which is a representative protein biomarker for human health monitoring. AgNWs were successfully patterned on polyethylene terephthalate films using DFR to form multiple spots, with a diameter of ~500 µm, that are available for detection. SERS spectra showed that the AgNW chips can efficiently detect myoglobin proteins down to levels of clinical significance. Our results will provide insights for the cost-effective production method of futuristic health care monitoring system.

A Highly Sensitive Graphene-based Field Effect Transistor for the Detection of Myoglobin

Biomedical applications adapt Nano technology-based transistors as a key component in the biosensors for diagnosing life threatening diseases like Covid-19, Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), etc. The proposed work introduces a new biosensor, based on Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET), which is used in the diagnosis of Myoglobin (Mb) in human blood. Graphene-based biosensors are faster, more precise, stronger, and more trustworthy. A GFET is created in this study for the detection of myoglobin biomarker at various low concentrations. Because graphene is sensitive to a variety of biomarker materials, it can be employed as a gate material. When constructed Graphene FET is applied to myoglobin antigens, it has a significant response. The detection level for myoglobin is roughly 30 fg/ml, which is quite high. The electrical behavior of the GFET-based biosensor in detecting myoglobin marker is ideal for Lab-on-Chip platforms and Cardiac Point-of-Care Diagnosis.

A spatially resolved ratiometric electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for myoglobin detection using Au@Ag2S as signal amplification tags

A spatially resolved ratiometric ECL immunosensor for myoglobin detection was developed via resonance energy transfer for signal amplification.

Development of novel aptasensor for ultra-sensitive detection of myoglobin via electrochemical signal amplification of methylene blue using poly (styrene)-block-poly (acrylic acid) amphiphilic copolymer

Amplification of electrochemical signal in order to betterment of limit of detection in determination of biomarkers has an important role in early detection of some dangerous diseases such as cancers. For this purpose, in this research, two types of poly (styrene)-block-poly (acrylic acid) amphiphilic copolymer (PS61-b-PAA596 and PS596-b-PAA61) were synthesized by controlled radical polymerization method via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) technique. Chemical structure of block copolymers was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and their surface morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Self-assembly of these block copolymers into polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), loading and release efficiency of methylene blue as an electroactive indicator were investigated in DMF and THF solvents. On the basis of our findings PS61-b-PAA596 has better capability for loading and release of MB than PS596-b-PAA61. Then the obtained methylene blue-loaded polymersome successfully used for development of an aptasensor toward determination of trace amounts of myoglobin. The proposed aptasensor showed a wide linear range from 1.0 aM to 1.0 μM with an ultra-low detection limit of 0.73 aM. Applying this amplification strategy, determination of myoglobin in real samples was successfully performed.