Luminescence Detection Research Articles

Weak Coupling Strategy to Construct High-Performance Sm/Tb-Doped Lanthanide Coordination Polymer Luminescent Sensor for D2O Detection.

Accurate measurement of the purity and content of heavy water is of great concern in nuclear energy, the chemical industry, and biomedicine. Since the physical and chemical properties of D2O and H2O are very similar, achieving luminescent detection is challenging. Due to the difference in the vibrational frequency of the O-D and the O-H bonds, the quenching efficiency of the excited state of Ln3+ is different, which leads to a significant difference in the optical properties of Ln3+. Based on this theory, we composed a weak coupling strategy to strengthen the luminescence difference of Ln3+. Then, we demonstrated the weak coupling effect and how to improve detection performance by analyzing L1-Eu0.14Tb0.86(C22H20Eu0.14Tb0.86N3O10) and L1-Sm0.45Tb0.55(C22H20Sm0.45Tb0.55N3O10). The structure and performance of the two sensors were characterized in detail. A series of heavy water detection luminescence sensing experiments show that L1-Sm0.45Tb0.55 and L1-Eu0.14Tb0.86 can not only qualitatively distinguish D2O and H2O with the naked eye but also quantitatively detect any concentration of H2O in D2O. The prepared composite films L1-Sm0.45Tb0.55@PMMA and L1-Eu0.14Tb0.86@PMMA have practical application value. The application of Sm/Tb-doped lanthanide coordination polymers for detecting the H2O content in D2O has not been reported.

Ultrafast Luminescence Detection with Selective Adsorption of Carbon Disulfide in a Gold(I) Metal−Organic Framework

Although a widely used and important industrial chemical, carbon disulfide (CS2) also poses a number of hazards due to its volatility and toxicity. As such, the development of multifunctional materials for the selective capture and easy recognition of CS2 is one of the crucial issues. Herein, we demonstrate completely selective CS2 adsorption among trials involving H2O, alcohols, volatile organic compounds (including thiol derivatives), N2, H2, O2, CH4, CO, NO, and CO2. We also showcase its fine detection using remarkable luminescent response in an Au(I)‐based metal−organic framework (MOF) of {ZnII(pz)[AuI(CN)2]2} (pz = pyrazine; 1) with a two‐fold interpenetration network. Ex situ single crystal X‐ray diffraction for 1 and CS2 accommodated 1 suggested that the Au···Au atoms are not only luminescent centers but also act as interaction sites for CS2 modulating the Au···Au contacts. These experiments revealed the specificity of CS2 and how changes in the CS2‐induced structure. Based on the obtained structural formation, 1 exhibited a sensitive detecting ability for CS2 with an ultrafast response time of less than 10 s. Ex situ time‐resolved photoluminescence analyses developed in this work implied that CS2 varied the energetic relaxation at the excited states related to the luminescent efficiency of the resultant MOF system.

Ultrafast Luminescence Detection with Selective Adsorption of Carbon Disulfide in aGold(I) Metal-Organic Framework.

Although a widely used and important industrial chemical, carbon disulfide (CS2) also poses a number of hazards due to its volatility and toxicity. As such, the development of multifunctional materials for the selective capture and easy recognition of CS2is one of the crucial issues. Herein, we demonstrate completely selective CS2adsorption among trials involving H2O, alcohols, volatile organic compounds (including thiol derivatives), N2, H2, O2, CH4, CO, NO, and CO2. We also showcase its fine detection using remarkable luminescent response in an Au(I)-based metal-organic framework (MOF) of {ZnII(pz)[AuI(CN)2]2} (pz = pyrazine;1) with a two-fold interpenetration network.Ex situsingle crystal X-ray diffraction for1and CS2accommodated1suggested that the Au···Au atoms are not only luminescent centers but also act as interaction sites for CS2modulating the Au···Au contacts. These experiments revealed the specificity of CS2and how changes in the CS2-induced structure.Based on the obtained structural formation,1exhibited a sensitive detecting ability for CS2with an ultrafast response time of less than 10 s. Ex situtime-resolved photoluminescence analyses developed in this work implied that CS2varied the energetic relaxation at the excited states related to the luminescent efficiency of the resultant MOF system.

Qualitative and Quantitative Luminescence Detection of 2,6-Dipicolinic Acid and Levofloxacin Based on a High-Nuclearity Eu(III) Nanomolecular Sensor.

Rapid and accurate testing of 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA) and levofloxacin (LFX) has been attracting much attention due to the fact that the former is an important biomarker of anthrax spores and the latter is a third-generation fluoroquinolone drug and has been recognized as an important environmental pollutant. Herein, we report the preparation of a 13-metal Eu(III) nanomolecular sensor (molecular sizes: 2.0 × 2.4 × 3.2 nm) bearing a new flexible Schiff base ligand for luminescence testing of DPA and LFX with high selectivity and sensitivity. The rapid enhancement of the Eu(III) luminescence of 1 caused by DPA and LFX is expressed by fitting equation I615nm = k × [C] + a, which can be used to quantitatively detect DPA and LFX concentrations in CH3CN, fetal calf serum (FCS), and a real drug. The response times of 1 to DPA and LFX are less than ten seconds, with detection limits as low as 3.78 × 10-2 to 2.71 nM. The test strips containing 1, as well as 1@SA films, can be used to qualitatively detect DPA and LFX by the color changes under the irradiation of UV light.

Split Probe-Induced Protein Translational Amplification for Nucleic Acid Detection.

Nucleic acid detection is important in a wide range of applications, including disease diagnosis, genetic testing, biotechnological research, environmental monitoring, and forensic science. However, the application of nucleic acid detection in various fields is hindered by the lack of sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive methods. This study introduces a simple approach to enhance the sensitivity for the accurate detection of nucleic acids. Our approach combined a split-probe strategy with in vitro translational amplification of reporter protein for signal generation to detect nucleic acids with high sensitivity and selectivity. This approach enables target-mediated translational amplification of reporter proteins by linking split probes in the presence of a target microRNA (miRNA). In particular, the fluorescence split-probe sensor adopts a reporter protein with various fluorescence wavelength regions, enabling the simultaneous detection of multiple target miRNAs. Moreover, luminescence detection by merely altering the reporter protein sequence can substantially enhance the sensitivity of detection of target miRNAs. Using this system, we analyzed and quantified target miRNAs in the total RNA extracted from cell lines and cell-derived extracellular vesicles with high specificity and accuracy. This split-probe sensor has potential as a powerful tool for the simple, sensitive, and specific detection of various target nucleic acids.

Electrochemical Luminescence Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on Melem

Electrochemical Luminescence Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on Melem

ЧАСТИНКИ ПРИРОДНОГО КЛИНОПТИЛОЛІТУ, ЛЕГОВАНІ ЙОНАМИ ПЕРЕХІДНИХ МЕТАЛІВ, ПОТЕНЦІЙНО ПРИДАТНІ ДЛЯ ВЛОВЛЮВАННЯ КЛІТИН І МАКРОМОЛЕКУЛ

Samples with luminescent properties are of interest for research purposes. Series of clinoptilolite samples doped with mono-, di-, and trivalent metal cations were analyzed in order to compare the biological effects of its doping with silver cations and other metals, in particular REE, on substrate-dependent (attached to surface) mammalian cells with different degree of the neoplastic transformation, as well as regarding the bacterial cells. The goal of the study was to obtain samples of clinoptilolite doped with REE cations suitable (low cytotoxicity) for interaction with cellular units in a liquid microenvironment. It was shown that luminescent REE (the most intense effects were observed in the case of Tb3+ [1] and Er3+) that were present in the zeolite structure changed their spectral characteristics upon interaction/binding with cellular units. That allowed real-time monitoring of their interaction via detection of luminescence (change in intensity level and appearance of new peaks). Luminescently active samples with a low cytotoxic effect were obtained, with an exception of silver-doped samples that were used to compare REE-dopped clinoptilolites with different properties (biotolerant or cytostatic), in relation to bacterial, yeast and mammalian cells with different levels of neoplastic transformation [1–3]. It was found that the order of magnitude increase in emission intensity in the long-wave spectrum region took place in case of erbium application. This phenomenon will be studied in our further research. The obtained results are the basis for the creation and manufacture of systems for separation or capture of biological (cell and macromolecules) units in technological devices for cleaning and conditioning liquids. In particular, there are significant prospects for the use of the obtained samples of clinoptiolites doped with REE for the further development of working surfaces for the immobilization of functional determinants (for example, recombinant enzymes) at the creation of medical equipment.

Assembly of Fe@Zn-Coordination Polymer Composite: Iron Doping Foster the Luminescent Detection for Tetracycline, Uric Acid and Cr2O72− and Crystal Violet Degradation Efficiency

Coordination polymers exhibit a diverse array of applications across various fields, and through the development of composite materials, their utility and versatility are further enhanced, broadening their impact on our world. In this work We synthesized the first coordination polymer (CP) based on Zn and doped with Fe composites (Fe@Zn-CP Composite), which exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity triggered by visible light. Using mixed ligands orotic acid potassium salt, 1,3 di (4-pyridyl) propane (dpp), and FeSO4 in a simple method at ambient temperature, the Zn-CP [Zn8(Or)8(dpp)4(H2O)8] was resynthesized here to form the Fe@Zn-CP composites. Zn-CP and Fe@Zn-CP Composite were both characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectra analysis, and SEM-EDX analysis and elemental mapping analysis. It has been observed that Fe@Zn-CP Composite is as multi-functional luminescence sensor for MnO4−, Cr2O72− and Tetracycline with high sensitivity. In-depth research has also been done on the recyclable nature, and photocatalytic efficiency of Zn-CP and Fe@Zn-CP Composite for the decomposition of organic dyes Crystal Violet and Rose Bengal (RB) in contaminated water under the sunlight irradiation.

A pyrene-based hydrogen-bonded framework with excimer induced ratiometric emission for discriminative luminescence detection of metal ions

Discriminatory fluorescence detection of various metal ions is of significant importance in environmental and health-related applications. A luminescent hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) material, PFC-1 was synthesized using 1,3,6,8-tetra(4-carboxylbenzene) pyrene (H4TBAPy) as the organic building block. The fluorescence behavior of PFC-1 is influenced by the concentration of the suspension, demonstrating different emissions characteristic of monomer and excimer fluorescence, which are highly sensitive to the surrounding environment. This allows for the potential differentiation and sensing of different target analytes. PFC-1 showed discriminatory fluorescence sensing performance towards metal ions such as Al3+, Sc3+, Cr3+, and Cu2+, with changes in fluorescence intensity, emission peak shifts, and intensity ratio changes between monomer and excimer emissions. Furthermore, a smartphone-based detection strategy was proposed, leveraging color recognition capabilities of smartphones for onsite and real-time sensing. The work demonstrate that PFC-1 is a promising material for the development of portable, cost-effective fluorescent sensors for onsite and real-time detection of metal ions. The integration of PFC-1 with smartphone technology paves the way for practical applications in environmental monitoring, industrial processes, and healthcare diagnostics.

Multi-mode luminescence anti-counterfeiting and visual iron(Ⅲ) ions RTP detection constructed by assembly of CDs&Eu3+ in porous RHO zeolite

Carbon dots (CDs)-based composites have shown impressive performance in fields of information encryption and sensing, however, a great challenge is to simultaneously implement multi-mode luminescence and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) detection in single system due to the formidable synthesis. Herein, a multifunctional composite of Eu&CDs@pRHO has been designed by co-assembly strategy and prepared via a facile calcination and impregnation treatment. Eu&CDs@pRHO exhibits intense fluorescence (FL) and RTP coming from two individual luminous centers, Eu3+ in the free pores and CDs in the interrupted structure of RHO zeolite. Unique four-mode color outputs including pink (Eu3+, ex.254 nm), light violet (CDs, ex.365 nm), blue (CDs, 254 nm off), and green (CDs, 365 nm off) could be realized, on the basis of it, a preliminary application of advanced information encoding has been demonstrated. Given the free pores of matrix and stable RTP in water of confined CDs, a visual RTP detection of Fe3+ ions is achieved with the detection limit as low as 9.8 μmol/L. This work has opened up a new perspective for the strategic amalgamation of luminous guests with porous zeolite to construct the advanced functional materials.

Terbium-benzoyl acetate complex encored indium-MOFs through post-synthetic modification for luminescent sensitive detection of organophosphorus insecticides

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are represented ideal candidate materials for chemical sensing of different kinds of species because they contain optically active sites may be in organic linker or ions node, moreover, MOFs have high porosity that capture different types of guests. Lanthanide MOFs (Ln-MOFs) was very common in sensing chemical species due to identical light emission characteristics. The problem of Ln-MOFs was the difficulty of its preparation; therefore, post-synthetic modification (PSM) technique was excellent for incorporation of lanthanide site in the network. Unlike other MOFs, In-MOF can be post-synthesized because of its free amino group in the network, therefore, it was chosen in the current work. Here, Tb-In-MOF-EBA was generated by PSM of In-MOF in two steps: (1) formation of the amide by the reaction of In-MOF with ethyl benzoyl acetate; (2) chelation of Tb3+ cations by the diketone fragment. The main challenge of present work is not to give another luminescent MOF based sensor rather than using decorative technique based PSM route to tune optically active sensors for organophosphorus (OP) insecticides (dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, and pirimiphos-methyl) identification quantitatively and qualitatively. The emission intensity of Tb-In-MOF-EBA were reduced with 8 %, 50 %, and 81 %, after adding dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, and pirimiphos-methyl for the parent compounds, respectively. Tb-In-MOF-EBA showed interesting selectivity toward dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, pirimiphos-methyl, therefore, it can be used in measuring the concentration of OP insecticide with high accuracy.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers for smartphone-based luminescent hemoglobin one-pot detection

This work introduces a novel strategy to selectively and sensitively determine Hemoglobin (Hb) using a microwave-synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and chemiluminescence (CL) as the detection method. Studies conducted on both MIP and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) evidenced that the MIP material exhibits a high adsorption capacity (48 µg/mg) and an imprinted factor of about 3, in addition to a selective adsorption property towards Hb in the presence of other proteins, whose structures are very similar to that of Hb. The high selectivity and sensitivity of the proposed biosensor were also assured by the CL detection, whose mechanism is based on Hb's ability to enhance luminol oxidation in an alkaline medium in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, emitting a blue light whose intensity is related to the Hb concentration. The emitted light intensities from the CL reaction, directly proportional to Hb concentration, were captured and analyzed using a smartphone and RGB Color application, avoiding the use of sophisticated equipment and facilitating the measurement process. In order to streamline and speed up the detection process, all the experimental steps including Hb adsorption on MIPHb, supernatant removal, CL reaction, and smartphone readout occur in a single 8-well strip. Therefore, the proposed approach offers one-pot detection for the sensitive (LOD = 0.03 µg.mL−1, equivalent to 1.5 nmol.L−1) and selective determination of Hb in blood samples, for biomedical or forensic applications, through a rapid, low-cost, simple, and affordable approach.

Dual-emissive gold nanocluster / polylysine complex for ratio and visual luminescent detection

Heavy metals pollution shows a serious threat to global human and animal populations. Especially, mercury ions (Hg2+) are non-biodegradable and could accumulated through the food chain, causing severe damage to central nervous system and immune system. The sensitive and rapid detection of Hg2+ is important for human safety. In this study, based on the host–guest interaction between D-penicillamine (DPA) modified AuNCs and polylysine (PLL), a AuNCs@PLL complex system is constructed. The network of PLL enhances the luminescence properties of AuNCs through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. In combination with the blue emission of PLL, the AuNCs@PLL complex exhibits dual-emitting luminescence, which could be employed as a promising luminescent probe for Hg2+ detection. The high-affinity metallophilic Hg2+-Au+ interactions leads to the decomposition of AuNCs and consequently quenches the red emission, but the blue emission originating from PLL is unaffected. Based on this characteristic, a ratio luminescent probe targeted for quick accurate detection of Hg2+ is developed. Furthermore, paper test strips were fabricated employing the AuNCs@PLL luminescent probe for visual semi-quantitative Hg2+ detection. In addition to the benefits for sustainable development of the environment, health of the human, this study also has theoretical values for understanding the mechanism of NCs self-assembly.

Responsive β-Diketonate-europium(III) Complex-Based Probe for Time-Gated Luminescence Detection and Imaging of Hydrogen Sulfide In Vitro and In Vivo.

As a crucial biological gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays important roles in many pathological and physiological processes. Highly selective and sensitive detection of H2S is significant for the precise diagnosis and evaluation of diverse diseases. Nevertheless, challenges remain in view of the interference of autofluorescence in organisms and the stronger reactivity of H2S itself. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel H2S-responsive β-diketonate-europium(III) complex-based probe, [Eu(DNB-Npketo)3(terpy)], for background-free time-gated luminescence (TGL) detection and imaging of H2S in autofluorescence-rich biological samples. The probe, consisting of a 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNB) group coupled to a β-diketonate-europium(III) complex, shows almost no luminescence owing to the existence of intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer. The cleavage of the DNB group by a H2S-triggered reaction results in the recovery of the long-lived luminescence of the Eu3+ complex, allowing the detection of H2S in complicated biological samples to be performed in TGL mode. The probe showed a fast response, high specificity, and high sensitivity toward H2S, which enabled it to be successfully used for the quantitative TGL detection of H2S in tissue homogenates of mouse organs. Additionally, the low cytotoxicity of the probe allowed it to be further used for the TGL imaging of H2S in living cells and mice under different stimuli. All of the results suggested the potential of the probe for the investigation and diagnosis of H2S-related diseases.

Sensitization of Europium Oxide Nanoparticles Enhances Signal-to-Noise over Autofluorescence with Time-Gated Luminescence Detection.

Clinical translation of nanoparticle-based therapeutics has been limited, and a lack of preclinical delivery characterization is partly to blame, limiting our understanding of the mechanisms of failure. The improvement of the preclinical delivery assessment requires nanoparticles with higher detectability. This work focused on the exploration of several aromatic carboxylic ligands (terephthalic acid, quinaldic acid, and kynurenic acid) for the sensitization of europium oxide nanoparticles with a long emission lifetime to overcome cellular autofluorescence, a key confounder of detection in luminescence-based bioimaging. A facile one-pot synthesis and ligand exchange process generated and sensitized ultrasmall Eu2O3 cores. As reflected in the emission spectra and lifetimes, ligand binding yielded unique coordination environments around Eu3+. Then, the efficacy of sensitization was tested against the autofluorescence provided by tissue lysate. Normal (simultaneous excite-read) measurements showed integrated signal improvements over autofluorescence of 2.2-, 3.9-, and 14.0-fold for EuTA, EuQA, and EuKA, respectively. In time-gated mode, the improvements over autofluorescence were more dramatic with fold differences of 75-, 89-, and 108-fold for EuTA, EuQA, and EuKA, respectively. The investigation of novel sensitizers expands the breadth of the field of sensitized lanthanide oxide nanoparticles, and the signal enhancement observed with sensitization and time-gating supports the utility of the generated samples for future bioimaging applications.

Unravelling Kinetics of Intramolecular NdIII → FeII Energy Transfer in Spin Crossover Single Molecules: Dotting the i's and Crossing the t's.

Compared with the ripple of visible EuIII-based emission intensity induced by appended [FeIIN6] spin crossover (SCO) units, as detected in the triple-stranded [EuFe(L1)3]5+ helicate, the lanthanide-based luminescent detection of FeII spin-state equilibria could be improved significantly if the luminophore emission is shifted toward the near-infrared (NIR) domain. Replacing EuIII with NdIII in [NdFe(L1)3]5+ (i) maintains the favorable SCO properties in acetonitrile [critical temperature T1/2 = 322(2) K], (ii) saturates nonradiative vibrational relaxation processes in the 233-333 K range, and (iii) boosts the crucial intramolecular NdIII → FeII energy transfer rate processes, which are sensitive to the spin state of the FeII metallic center. Consequently, the steady-state NIR Nd(4F3/2 → 4IJ) emission of the luminophore is amplified and linearly correlated with the low-spin-[FeIIN6] and high-spin-[FeIIN6] mole fractions controlled by the SCO equilibrium. This paves the way for a straightforward and direct NIR luminescent reading/sensing of the FeII spin state in single molecules.

Sensitive and High-Throughput Time-Resolved Luminescence Detection of Tetracycline in Milk for Eliminating Background Fluorescence on a Miniaturized Apparatus.

Fluorescence detection has always suffered from high background fluorescence from real samples such as milk. Therefore, cumbersome pretreatments of samples were necessary to remove the fluorescent substances but led to long processing times and low efficiency. Time-resolved luminescence detection is a powerful technique for eliminating short-lived background fluorescence without additional pretreatments. However, the related instruments are usually equipped with high-speed excitation sources and detectors, which are always bulky and expensive. Herein, we developed a low-cost and miniaturized imaging system for high-throughput time-gated luminescence detection. An UV LED array was used to excite multiple samples, the luminescence of which could be detected by a smartphone simultaneously. An analog circuit was designed to synchronize the LED to the mechanical chopper to eliminate the background signals resulting from scattering and short-lived autofluorescence. Compared to other synchronous circuits based on FPGAs and microcontrollers, this analog circuit required no programming and memory. For the first time, high-throughput time-resolved luminescence detection of tetracycline in milk without any separation or enrichment was achieved by utilizing a smartphone as a camera, and the scattered signals and the background fluorescence were eliminated efficiently. The limit of detection reached as low as 53 nM (∼0.024 ppm), lower than the residue limit set by the European Union. This high-throughput time-gated luminescence detection method can be used for quantitative analysis of many real samples with high background fluorescence.

Luminescent fiber UV detection.

Herein, a luminescent fiber device for detecting ultraviolet (UV) intensity, which comprises a UV probe and a photoelectric converter, is proposed. The UV probe consists of a glass tube filled with luminescent material, which can be used for the efficient radiation conversion of UV radiation to the visible spectral region. The luminescent material, Y2O2S:Eu3+, is mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form the core of the UV probe. Subsequently, the UV radiation response of the luminescent fiber device is investigated; the experimental results demonstrate that the direction-independent UV detection can be realized by using this luminescent fiber UV detection device while UV light is radiated radially along the UV probe. In addition, since partial discharge (PD) is accompanied by UV radiation, we hope to develop a spectral PD detection scheme based on optical fiber technology, which can broaden the role of optical technology and optical fiber technology in the field of PD detection.

Synergistic nanomaterial system for luminescence sensing of MnO4- anion and enhanced photocatalytic removal of antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) in aqueous environments using Dy3+/Tb3+ co-doped NaYF4 and graphene oxide hybrid

The presence of industrial pollutants in water bodies, particularly metal anions and organic pollutants, has put human health and the environment at risk worldwide, triggering the research and development of multifunctional nanoparticles that not only have excellent luminescence detection ability but also possess simultaneous photo-degradation activity against harmful pollutants. Herein, we have synthesized Dy3+/Tb3+ co-doped NaYF4 (Tb-NP) and (Tb-GO) NaYF4:Dy3+/Tb3+@GO(GO=Graphene oxide) nano hybrids via hydrothermal approach and tested their functional activity for the fluorescence selective detection of MnO4- anions and photocatalytic degradation of drug Chloramphenicol (CAP) in aqueous medium. The physicochemical characterization of prepared nanosamples was examined utilizing variety of analytical methods. The luminescent property of NaYF4:Dy3+/Tb3+(7 %) revealed that it is exceptionally sensitive and selective towards the detection ofMnO4- anion in aqueous medium. It was observed that, when varied amount of MnO4- anion was added to a suspension solution containing the synthesized NaYF4:Dy3+/Tb3+(7 %) chemosensor, the photoluminescence emission band at 545 nm was significantly quenched. Moreover, NaYF4:Dy3+/Tb3+(Tb-NP) exhibited the limit of detection (LOD)value of 0.65 ppm along with high Stern-Volmer (Ksv) quenching constant value of 4.75 ×105 M−1 for MnO4- anion, indicating great selectivity and sensitivity of the designed nanosensors towards MnO4- anion. Further, the Graphene oxide (GO) conjoined NaYF4:Dy3+/Tb3+(7 %) nanohybrid showed accelerating photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of CAP in aqueous medium under UV-irradiation. The obtained results of UV-Vis spectroscopy clearly indicate that NaYF4:Dy3+/Tb3+@GO (Tb/GO) nanohybrid can act as a superior nanocatalyst than that of NaYF4:Dy3+/Tb3+(Tb-NP) nanophosphors. The photocatalytic efficiency of NaYF4:Dy3+/Tb3+@GO (Tb/GO) nanohybrid toward degradation of CAP is around 95.6 % within 50 minutes under UV light and it maintains remarkable stability even after five repeated catalytic cycles. In conclusion, this study presents a feasible method for immediate detection of MnO4- anion and improved photo-catalytic degradation of CAP in an aqueous medium employing NaYF4:Dy3+/Tb3+(Tb-NP) and NaYF4:Dy3+/Tb3+@GO (Tb/GO) as dual functional nanomaterials.

Three robust luminescent Cd(II) coordination polymers as multi-responsive fluorescent sensors for Cu2+, Hg2+, levofloxacin, and acetylacetone in water

Employing coordination polymers (CPs) developing effective organic contaminants and heavy metal ions luminescent detection systems is an ongoing challenge. Three ternary Cd(II) CPs namely [Cd(MIP)(L)0.5(H2O)]n (1), [Cd2(TPA)2(L)(H2O)]n (2), and [Cd2(DCTP)2(L)(H2O)]n (3), (L = 1,6-bis(2-((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)hexane, H2MIP = 5-methylisophthalic acid, H2TPA = terephthalic acid, and H2DCTP = 2,5-dichloroterephthalic acid) containing new L ligands, were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized. 1 displays a (4,4)-connected 4,4L28 layer and further extended into the 3D supramolecular framework via π−π stacking interactions. 2 exhibits a (4,4,5)-connected trinodal network with the point symbol of {42.5.62.8}{42.52.72}{42.53.62.73}2. 3 takes on a (3,5,6)-connected framework with the point symbol {3.42.52.7}{3.82}2{33.44.5.62.82.92.10}2. 1 − 3 show highly good thermal stability, and highly acid-base tolerance. The limits of detection (LOD) of 1 − 3 were calculated as follows: for Cu2+, the LODs are 8.92 × 10−8, 5.74 × 10−7, and 9.37 × 10−8 mol L−1, respectively; for Hg²⁺, the LOD values are 3.73 × 10−7, 5.22 × 10−7, and 8.45 × 10−7 mol L−1, respectively. Regarding levofloxacin (LEV), the LODs for 1 − 3 were found to be 5.11 × 10−8 mol L−1, 2.45 × 10−8 mol L−1, and 8.54 × 10−8 mol L−1, respectively. Finally, for acetylacetone (acac), the LODs of 1 − 3 are 5.53 × 10−6, 5.66 × 10−6, and 1.23 × 10−6 mol L−1, respectively. 1 − 3 represent the first examples of exceptional multi-responsive sensing platforms for the detecting of Cu2+, Hg2+, LEV, and acac with high sensitivity, outstanding anti-interference abilities, and low LODs. The possible sensing mechanisms were investigated in detail.