Detection Of Long-bone Fractures Research Articles

Long Bone Fracture Detection By Using Image Processing and Machine Learning

In this work, the researcher presents an automatic system to detect the presence of long bone fractures by using clinical images obtained from X-Ray for diagnostic purposes. The procedure for the diagnosis of the bone fractures is considered to be a very critical step based on factors to identify this image as normal or abnormal to save the effort and time spent to detect bone fractures. Trained radiologists often identify rare diseases with high accuracy such as fractures. However, tests examining the accuracy of someone have shown that when reading X-Rays with several errors, the error rate may rise in some cases. Accurate diagnosis of the bone fraction is important. The Histogram Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern Algorithm (LBP) are used for features extraction. This study used two different classifiers. The first classification is Support Vector Machine (SVM), which provides accuracy of 97.85 percent by Radial basis kernel function (RBF) and the second classifier is Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), which gives accuracy of 99.15 percent, then the accuracy of the classifiers are compared with each other. Consequently, Multilayer Perceptron algorithm has the highest accuracy of 99.15 percent. We obtained the best results by MLP using LBP which has the best results as Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy are 100, 98.35 and 99.15 percent. As a result, long-term bone marrow transplantation is a major problem in bone and radiology, and it is suggested that a new computer-assisted discovery program could help reduce the risk of long-term bone detection loss.
 The study presents a discussion and discovery of a computer-based long bone fracture detection system by MATLAB, that had been used as the programming tool for loading files, image processing.
 The purpose of this work is to provide insight into the related activities of research conducted. In addition, the researcher proposed long bone fraction detection system by using a computer-supported program. Furthermore, the researcher has mentioned a brief overview of classifiers used in the detection of long bone fractures.

Ургентная диагностика скелетно-мышечной травмы: возможности ультразвукового метода

The article presents a review of literature on the value of ultrasonography in acute musculoskeletal injury diagnostics. The main objectives of emergency ultrasonography are outlined: detection of fractures, large hematomas, injuries of tendons, muscles and nerves, detection of foreign bodies of soft tissues, ultrasonic navigation of surgical manipulations and reposition of fractures. The ultrasound method is highly sensitive цand specific in the detection of long-bone fractures, muscles and tendons rupture, which can make an impact on therapeutic tactic and patient’s routing. Ultrasound diagnostics has become useful for pediatric patients due to its ease of use, mobility and non-ionizing qualities. Ultrasonography of acute musculoskeletal injury will probably be increasingly important for orthopedic surgeons and emergency physicians.

What is the role of ultrasound in fracture management?: Diagnosis and therapeutic potential for fractures, delayed unions, and fracture-related infection.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to review the current evidence and future application for the role of diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound in fracture management.MethodsA review of relevant literature was undertaken, including articles indexed in PubMed with keywords “ultrasound” or “sonography” combined with “diagnosis”, “fracture healing”, “impaired fracture healing”, “nonunion”, “microbiology”, and “fracture-related infection”.ResultsThe use of ultrasound in musculoskeletal medicine has expanded rapidly over the last two decades, but the diagnostic use in fracture management is not routinely practised. Early studies have shown the potential of ultrasound as a valid alternative to radiographs to diagnose common paediatric fractures, to detect occult injuries in adults, and for rapid detection of long bone fractures in the resuscitation setting. Ultrasound has also been shown to be advantageous in the early identification of impaired fracture healing; with the advent of 3D image processing, there is potential for wider adoption. Detection of implant-related infection can be improved by ultrasound mediated sonication of microbiology samples. The use of therapeutic ultrasound to promote union in the management of acute fractures is currently a controversial topic. However, there is strong in vitro evidence that ultrasound can stimulate a biological effect with potential clinical benefit in established nonunions, which supports the need for further investigation.ConclusionModern ultrasound image processing has the potential to replace traditional imaging modalities in several areas of trauma practice, particularly in the early prediction of impaired fracture healing. Further understanding of the therapeutic application of ultrasound is required to understand and identify the use in promoting fracture healing.Cite this article: J. A. Nicholson, S. T. J. Tsang, T. J. MacGillivray, F. Perks, A. H. R. W. Simpson. What is the role of ultrasound in fracture management? Diagnosis and therapeutic potential for fractures, delayed unions, and fracture-related infection. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:304–312. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.87.BJR-2018-0215.R2.

66 Comparison of Ultrasound and Plain Radiography for the Detection of Long Bone Fractures

2013 were included in this study. Clinical and demographic data was collected and analyzed. Chi squared analysis was used. Results: There were 1,937 patients during the study period who were discharged with a non-specific GI diagnostic code. Of these patients, 49 (2.5%) returned within 72 hours of treatment. There was no difference in the frequency of imaging in the group of patients that returned versus those that did not return (42.8% versus 37%; OR 1.27, 95% CI .72-2.26). Return rate was not affected by the specific use of CT scanning (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.36 -1.3) or US (OR 1.16, 0.56-2.42) during their first visit. Conclusion: Despite the common provider belief that knowledge of a negative study will reassure patients and ultimately prevent a return visit, to the contrary, this study shows that imaging patients with non-specific abdominal pain does not prevent return. Imaging should be reserved for answering specific clinical questions, and should not be considered a means to preventing a return visit in patients with non-specific abdominal pain.

Emergency Ultrasound in the Detection of Pediatric Long-Bone Fractures

Long-bone fractures represent one of the most commonly sustained injuries following trauma and account for nearly 4% of emergency department visits in the United States each year. These fractures are associated with a significant risk of bleeding and neurovascular compromise. Delays in their identification and treatment can lead to loss of limb and even death. Although emergency physicians currently rely predominantly on radiography for the examination of long-bone injuries, emergency ultrasound has several advantages over radiography and may be useful in the identification of long-bone fractures. Ultrasound is rapid, noninvasive, and cost-effective. Unlike radiography, ultrasound does not expose children to ionizing radiation, which has been linked to cancer. The goal of this study was to assess the agreement between emergency physicians' and radiologists' final assessments of suspected long-bone fractures using emergency ultrasound and radiography, respectively, in the pediatric population. This is a prospective study involving a convenience sample of pediatric patients (<18 years of age) who presented to the emergency department of a university-affiliated, level I trauma center between March 2008 and January 2009 with at least 1 suspected long-bone fracture. Suspected fractures were characterized by swelling, erythema, and localized pain. Patients who had a history of fracture, extremity deformity, orthopedic hardware in the traumatized area, or an open fracture were excluded from this study. Each investigator received limited, focused training in the use of ultrasonography for fracture identification and localization. This training consisted of a brief didactic session and video review of normal and fractured long-bones. A total of 53 subjects (mean age, 10.2 [SD, 3.8] years; 56.6% were male) were enrolled, which corresponded to 98 ultrasound examinations. Sixty-nine scans (70.4%) involved bones of the upper extremity, and 29 (29.6%) the lower extremity. Radiography identified a total of 43 fractures. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the detection of long-bone fractures were 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.9%-99.2%) and 85.5% (95% CI, 72.8%-93.1%), respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 83.7% (95% CI, 68.8%-92.2%) and 96% (95% CI, 84.9%-99.3%), respectively. Overall, ultrasound detected 100.0% of diaphyseal fractures and 27 (93.1%) of 29 end-of-bone or near-joint fractures.Radiography revealed 6 displacements that met the published criteria for reduction, all of which were also revealed by ultrasound. The overall sensitivity and specificity for ultrasound identifying the need for reduction were 100.0% (95% CI, 51.7%-100.0%) and 97.3% (95% CI, 84.2%-99.9%), respectively, and positive and negative predictive values were 85.7% (95% CI, 42.0%-99.2%) and 100.0% (95% CI, 88.0%-100.0%), respectively. Emergency department physician-performed focused ultrasound was more accurate in detecting diaphyseal fractures than in detecting fractures in the metaphysis and/or epiphysis. The high sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the detection of long-bone fractures and the need for reduction support the use of ultrasound in the evaluation of suspected long-bone fractures in children.

15 Ultrasound Detection of Long Bone Fractures in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients

15 Ultrasound Detection of Long Bone Fractures in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients