Gas Leak Detection Research Articles

Self-Organized Low-Power Multihop Failover Protocol for a Cellular-Based Public Safety Device Network

This study proposes a network failover protocol for public safety devices, such as fire alarms and gas leak detectors using a cellular (i.e., 5G and LTE) Internet of Things (IoT) network, and evaluates its performance through experiments. The proposed protocol recovers communication functions by establishing a detour route through the secondary network (i.e., 447-MHz narrowband wireless network) when a problem occurs in the primary network (i.e., cellular network) in a disaster situation. All operations of the proposed protocol are performed autonomously by self-organization and collaboration of distributed nodes without centralized control. Thus, the communication function is maintained until all physically configurable routes are cut without any network reconfiguration process, even under adverse conditions, where nodes and communication paths status frequently change in real time due to a disaster. In addition, this failover protocol reduces power consumption by activating the secondary network only at the moment when network failover is necessary by using the novel self-organized low-power multihop relay wake-up scheme proposed in this study. Therefore, the proposed protocol can be easily applied to IoT devices that are often operated only by batteries. The proposed protocol also has the advantage of immediate use without any modification of the current cellular IoT network.

Development of Microcontroller Based Gas Leakage Detector with Dual SMS Alert

The prevailing treat to lives and property by the usage of gas for cooking, etc, and the rapidly increasing evolution in new technologies worldwide, a novel approach utilizing dual communication network providers is applied to alert users in the event of leakage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). In this work, a prototype gas leakage detector, based on dedicated Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC), sensitive MQ-6 gas sensor, GSM/GPRS SIM900 and discrete components is developed and tested. Glo and MTN network service providers were selected for the design. Both indoor and laboratory tests were conducted where the results indicate gas concentration levels of 372 ppm to 255 ppm were measured to display a message on Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and trigger audio alarm at instances of 2.42 secs and 8.35 secs in locations of 5 cm and 30 cm away from gas source respectively. Finally, the viability test proved satisfactory as it indicates that whenever a particular network fails, the second network was available to receive the SMS message adequately. This could be applied in homes, restaurants, etc where cooking gas is often used. Future enhancements should include the deployment of all available communication network service providers to augment for the limitation of the only two networks in this work.

LPG Leakage Detection in Kitchen Using IOT

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is one of the most used fuels in both domestic and commercial kitchens. Basically, LPG is a combination or mixture of propane and butane which is a highly flammable, colorless chemical and also odorless so an odorant has been added to it to help in detecting the leakage. Gas leakages causes a threat in our households and the surroundings. In recent days, kitchen-based accidents have been increased in both domestic and commercial premises. The main reason for these accidents is gas leakage as it enhances the risk of explosions. To dodge this problem, there is a requirement for an automatic gas leakage detection system to distinguish the spillage of LPG and give alerts. In the present day, IOT (Internet of Things) is extensively used to automate the household appliances. In this paper we are discussing about an Internet of Things (IOT) based system which enables the initial detection of gas leaks which can prevent house fires in a kitchen by measuring the temperature and humidity using sensors. So, if we can detect these gas leakages onset, we can avert a serious explosion and protect lives.

The Box for Early Detection of Gas Leaks and Fires uses Notification System to The Fire Department

Fire is one of the tragedies that cannot be predicted, besides being unwanted by the community, fires are also often uncontrolled when the fire has started to grow. Fire incidents are very dangerous and disrupt people's lives. Many types of fire detection devices have developed recently to minimize the occurrence of material losses and fatalities that provide a sense of security for the users of these detectors, but there are still some things that need to be added to this detector in order to reduce the number of material losses and victims. soul, the researcher wants to design a tool with a working system when the fire sensor detects the fire value and the gas sensor detects the gas value, the sensor sends data to the NodeMCU. Furthermore, NodeMCU will send a message in the form of a notification in the form of the complete address of the owner of the house where the fire occurred as input into the program sketch. A notification is sent to the Tanjungbalai City Fire Department operator and the buzzer will turn on and the LED will light up

Design and Implementation of Real-Time Kitchen Monitoring and Automation System Based on Internet of Things

Automation can now be found in nearly every industry. However, home automation has yet to reach Pakistan. This paper presents an Internet of Things smart kitchen project that includes automation and monitoring. In this project, a system was developed that automatically detects the kitchen temperature. It also monitors the humidity level in the kitchen. This system includes built-in gas detection sensors that detect any gas leaks in the kitchen and notify the user if the gas pressure in the kitchen exceeds a certain level. This system also allows the user to remotely control appliances such as freezers, ovens, and air conditioners using a mobile phone. The user can control gas levels using their phone with this system. In this paper, the ESP32, DHT11 Sensor, 5 V Relay X 8, and MQ-135 gas sensors create a smart kitchen by controlling the temperature, managing humidity, and detecting gas leakage. The system was built on an Arduino board that is connected to the Internet. The hardware was integrated and programmed using an Arduino, and a user Android application was developed. The project’s goal is to allow any Android smartphone to remotely control devices. This method is commonly used in homes, businesses, and grocery stores. Users will be able to control all of their instruments from anywhere, including switches, fans, and lights. Furthermore, simulation was performed using Matlab2016b on multiple houses. In the simulation, not only was the kitchen considered, but also two, four, and six houses. Each house has two bedrooms, one living room, one guest room, two bathrooms, and one kitchen. The results revealed that using this system will have a scientifically significant impact on electricity consumption and cost. In the case of the houses, the cost was USD 33.32, 32.64, 22.32, and 19.54 for unscheduled, two, four, and six houses, respectively. Thus, it was observed that the cost and power are directly proportional to each other. The results reveal that the proposed solution efficiently reduces the cost as compared to that of unscheduled houses.

Underwater gas leak detection using an autonomous underwater vehicle (robotic fish)

Gas leaks from subsea oil and gas facilities could cause significant ocean environment damage. Such leaks can cause fire and explosion, for example, a fire on the ocean surface west of Mexico's Yucatan peninsula. Detecting a gas leak is critical in managing fire and explosion risks. This study proposes using autonomous underwater vehicles -robotic fish- for gas leak plume detection. The robotic fish is equipped with advance two well-known deep learning models, Faster RCNN and YOLOV4. A physical experiment system of various sizes of underwater gas leaks is used to generate the benchmark dataset. The results demonstrated the YOLOV4 model has a stronger online real-time capability. It is 43 times faster than the Faster RCNN model with the same level of accuracy. This study verifies the feasibility of integrating deep learning models with the mobile vehicle for real-time autonomous gas leak detection. This contribution will enable the development of a safe and reliable digital twin of subsea emergency management.

An Efficient Method for Detection and Quantitation of Underwater Gas Leakage Based on a 300-kHz Multibeam Sonar

In recent years, multibeam sonar has become the most effective and sensitive tool for the detection and quantitation of underwater gas leakage and its rise through the water column. Motivated by recent research, this paper presents an efficient method for the detection and quantitation of gas leakage based on a 300-kHz multibeam sonar. In the proposed gas leakage detection method based on multibeam sonar water column images, not only the backscattering strength of the gas bubbles but also the size and aspect ratio of a gas plume are used to isolate interference objects. This paper also presents a volume-scattering strength optimization model to estimate the gas flux. The bubble size distribution, volume, and flux of gas leaks are determined by matching the theoretical and measured values of the volume-scattering strength of the gas bubbles. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method have been verified by a case study at the artificial gas leakage site in the northern South China Sea. The results show that the leaking gas flux is approximately between 29.39 L/min and 56.43 L/min under a bubble radius ranging from 1 mm to 12 mm. The estimated results are in good agreement with the recorded data (32–67 L/min) for gas leaks generated by an air compressor. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve effective and accurate detection and quantitation of gas leakages.

Nanosensors Based on a Single ZnO:Eu Nanowire for Hydrogen Gas Sensing.

Fast detection of hydrogen gas leakage or its release in different environments, especially in large electric vehicle batteries, is a major challenge for sensing applications. In this study, the morphological, structural, chemical, optical, and electronic characterizations of ZnO:Eu nanowire arrays are reported and discussed in detail. In particular, the influence of different Eu concentrations during electrochemical deposition was investigated together with the sensing properties and mechanism. Surprisingly, by using only 10 μM Eu ions during deposition, the value of the gas response increased by a factor of nearly 130 compared to an undoped ZnO nanowire and we found an H2 gas response of ∼7860 for a single ZnO:Eu nanowire device. Further, the synthesized nanowire sensors were tested with ultraviolet (UV) light and a range of test gases, showing a UV responsiveness of ∼12.8 and a good selectivity to 100 ppm H2 gas. A dual-mode nanosensor is shown to detect UV/H2 gas simultaneously for selective detection of H2 during UV irradiation and its effect on the sensing mechanism. The nanowire sensing approach here demonstrates the feasibility of using such small devices to detect hydrogen leaks in harsh, small-scale environments, for example, stacked battery packs in mobile applications. In addition, the results obtained are supported through density functional theory-based simulations, which highlight the importance of rare earth nanoparticles on the oxide surface for improved sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensors, even at room temperature, thereby allowing, for instance, lower power consumption and denser deployment.

Facile and eco-friendly fabrication of a colorimetric textile sensor by UV-induced photografting for acidic gas detection

For the immediate detection of strong acids, it is advantageous to employ colorimetric textile sensors based on halochromic dyes, as such systems permit the detection of gas leaks with the naked eye. Here, we introduce a UV-induced photografting method to dye cotton fabrics in an eco-friendly manner and to improve the dyeability and wash fastness of halochromic dyes. In this UV photografting method, the radical-sensitive groups of the dye and the fiber were covalently bonded through radicals formed under UV irradiation to greatly reduce dye leaching. Two types of graftable-rhodamine dyes were synthesized by introducing a radical-sensitive group to a rhodamine derivative with a superior pH sensitivity, and textile sensors were fabricated via UV photografting. Subsequently, the eco-friendliness of the UV-induced photografting method and the gas detection performances, durabilities, and reusabilities of the fabricated textile sensors were investigated. All fabricated sensors exhibited distinctive color changes (ΔE >15) under acidic conditions, in addition to an outstanding durability (washfastness level: 4–5, performance retention rate after washing: 91%) and reusability after ten washing/drying cycles. Furthermore, the low consumption of solvent (∼91%), the salt/alkali-free nature of this method, its low energy consumption (∼85%), and the relatively short process time (∼41%) render this UV-induced photografting technique more environmentally friendly than conventional dyeing methods. Our results therefore indicate that textile sensors fabricated using the UV-induced photografting method are promising candidates for acid gas sensors in a wide range of applications.

MultimodalGasData: Multimodal Dataset for Gas Detection and Classification

The detection of gas leakages is a crucial aspect to be considered in the chemical industries, coal mines, home applications, etc. Early detection and identification of the type of gas is required to avoid damage to human lives and the environment. The MultimodalGasData presented in this paper is a novel collection of simultaneous data samples taken using seven different gas-detecting sensors and a thermal imaging camera. The low-cost sensors are generally less sensitive and less reliable; hence, they are unable to detect the gases from a longer distance. A thermal camera that can sense the temperature changes is also used while collecting the present multimodal dataset to overcome the drawback of using only the sensors for detecting gases. This multimodal dataset has a total of 6400 samples, including 1600 samples per class for smoke, perfume, a mixture of smoke and perfume, and a neutral environment. The dataset is helpful for the researchers and system developers to develop and train the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence models and systems.

All-Fiber Photoacoustic Gas Sensing with Interferometric Location

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a promising gas detection technique with high sensitivity, fast response, and good stability. Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interferometry offers precise distance detection with high spatial resolution. The combination of PAS and FMCW may lead to an optical technique for the simultaneous extraction of gas concentration and location information. Herein, we demonstrate this technique in an all-fiber sensing system by blending a fiber-pigtailed PAS sensor with an FMCW interferometer. As an example, we have measured the methane concentration and location by employing time-division multiplexing, showing a minimum detection limit of 28 ppm and a spatial resolution of 3.87 mm over a distance of ~4.9 m. This study enables the realization of a versatile technique for multiparameter gas sensing in gas leakage detection and gas emission monitoring.

LPG Mass Monitoring Scale with Automatic Gas Leakage Detector System

A crucial requirement used in everyday human life is the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or, more generally, cooking gas. However, problems arise for LPG users when the cooking process is disrupted due to running out of cooking gas without them realized that the volume of gas has reached a critical level. In addition, gas leaks may also occur which can cause the house fire. Therefore, this study aims to develop a product that can monitor the remaining volume of cooking gas content in a gas cylinder using a load sensor. The LPG weight value is through LCD display and LED from three different levels, which is green (full), yellow (medium), and red (critical) where it receives programming instructions from Arduino Uno. The product also performs a function of gas leak detector by using the MQ-2 gas sensor and the user will receive a notification warning about the gas leak via buzzer and SMS sent by ESP32. The development process for monitoring scale and gas leakage detector for liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is based on the adapted from the Engineering Design Process Model (EDP), which consists of five phases, namely identify the problem, gather information, select the best solution, develop model, testing and evaluation. The results show that the developed product able to functioning well. However, in terms of product design there is still room for improvement especially for the size of the product and the gas sensor position to make it more user friendly.

Mobile Gas Leakage Detection System

Abstract: The most prominent industrial disasters are caused due to gas leakage. One of the preventive methods to stop accident associated with the gas leakage is to install mobile gas leakage detection system at vulnerable places. The aim of this paper is to present such a design that can automatically detect the gas leakage and send alerts to the nearby workers in vulnerable premises. Gas sensor has been used which has high sensitivity for propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10). Gas leakage system consists of Arduino microcontroller with inbuilt Wi-fi module (ESP8266), ultrasonic sensor for crack detection, MQ2 sensor for gas leakage detection and Blynk app to receive the alerts. This paper provides the design approach on both software and hardware

Design Build a Smarthome Prototype on House Type 36 with IOT-Based Smartphone Control

Technology's rapid development certainly benefits the people who use it. One example of technology today is the application of technology systems at home, with significant problems for homeowners, such as fire and theft. Incidents like this can result in losses for homeowners in terms of material and even to the point of causing loss of life. With such problems, it is necessary to have a system that can monitor these events. One solution to this problem is designing a smart home or smart home. The smart home or smart home is a term used to refer to a modern dwelling with remote control. The intelligent home prototype design for the type 36 house is an innovative home appliance design that uses automatic commands controlled by the homeowner's smartphone. This intelligent home prototype design research aims to be a reference for today's modern homes for the community, especially for type 36 houses. In this study, the five systems studied were automatic light control, automatic doors, gas leak detectors, fire smoke detectors, and room temperature detectors. Excess Commands from the prototype system are carried out using SMS from the GSM SIM900 module connected to the smartphone. The results of this study are an intelligent home prototype in a type 36 house that can be controlled via a smartphone. It is hoped that this automatic system device can make it easier for the community to carry out supervision at home to prevent unwanted things and help ease work so that people are more productive in carrying out other essential activities and provide a sense of security and comfort from danger in the house where they live. Beloved family.

HOME SECURITY USING IOT

The use of smartphone technology as a tool for communication is ever-increasing, and this technology shows no sign of decline. Moreover, since the era of social networking, smartphones have become a significant entity that humans cannot do without. Internet of things has now opened a new era where we can keep contact data, surf the internet, exchange messages, take notes, carry files and documents, etc. Besides, we can now control hardware like lights, fans, air conditioners, etc. This research aims at designing home security systems to keep selected space safe from intruders and detect gas leakage. The methodology integrated ultrasonic sensor, and gas detectors to implement the wireless remote home security technology. This system adopts Blynk technology for optimal functionality and is programmed to respond rapidly as intrusion or gas leakage is detected.

Android Based Spark and Gas Leak Detection and Monitoring

LPG cylinder leakage is one of the causes of fires in the community. To prevent fires, a fire and gas leak detection and monitoring device were made using a fire detector sensor and an Android-based MQ-6 to trigger it. Data collection techniques in the manufacture of gas and fire leak detection using a flame detector and the MQ-6 sensor can be obtained from datasheets, journals, books and articles, and several internet sites that support the manufacture of this device. In the manufacture of gas leak detection devices or tools, there are also two parts, namely the first to make hardware (hardware), then software (software). The result of this tool detection is that users can find out the level of LPG due to leaking of LPG cylinders and detect fire using Android notifications in real-time and the data is displayed in detail on the browser page. The conclusion of this study is that users are safer because there is a gas leak, the tool will detect LPG gas, then a message will be displayed on the LCD screen and a notification on Android and the buzzer will automatically turn on. If there is a fire from detecting the gas leak, the fire detector will detect the fire, which will result in a notification sent to Android that there is a fire and the buzzer will turn on

Pendeteksi Kebocoran Gas dan Kebakaran Dini Menggunakan NodeMCU Berbasis Telegram

The utilization of natural resources and energy is increasing day by day, one of which is the use of natural gas as fuel for both household and industrial needs. Safety aspects in the use of this gas must be considered because gas leaks can trigger fires. Therefore we need a tool that can detect and notify gas leaks as early as possible. This study proposes a gas leak detector based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller. This detection system uses the MQ-2 sensor as a detector of gas levels and a flame sensor as a detector of ultraviolet light as an indication of a fire. The resulting output is a notification message from the Telegram Bot sent via NodeMCU. In this case, the buzzer and LED will give a signal if the MQ-2 sensor detects gas levels above 500 ADC, then the NodeMCU will send a command to the Telegram Bot to send a notification message in real-time. In addition, the detected gas levels are also displayed on the 16x2 LCD screen. The experimental results show that the ideal distance to detect gas is under 6 cm and fire below 20 cm with a sensor response time of 2 seconds. The existence of this tool is expected to minimize the risk of fire due to gas leakage.
 Keywords—fire, gas leak, NodeMCU, Telegram

Waveguide-integrated mid-infrared photodetection using graphene on a scalable chalcogenide glass platform

The development of compact and fieldable mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy devices represents a critical challenge for distributed sensing with applications from gas leak detection to environmental monitoring. Recent work has focused on mid-IR photonic integrated circuit (PIC) sensing platforms and waveguide-integrated mid-IR light sources and detectors based on semiconductors such as PbTe, black phosphorus and tellurene. However, material bandgaps and reliance on SiO2 substrates limit operation to wavelengths λ ≲ 4 μm. Here we overcome these challenges with a chalcogenide glass-on-CaF2 PIC architecture incorporating split-gate photothermoelectric graphene photodetectors. Our design extends operation to λ = 5.2 μm with a Johnson noise-limited noise-equivalent power of 1.1 nW/Hz1/2, no fall-off in photoresponse up to f = 1 MHz, and a predicted 3-dB bandwidth of f3dB > 1 GHz. This mid-IR PIC platform readily extends to longer wavelengths and opens the door to applications from distributed gas sensing and portable dual comb spectroscopy to weather-resilient free space optical communications.

Internet of Things-based Gas Leak Detection with Alerts Via SMS and Blynk App

Gas cylinders are one of the needs that humans use every day. The use of gas cylinders is often used for cooking, both for household needs and industrial needs. Gas leaks are a big problem that can give rise to explosions and fires due to combustible gas. Explosions and fires that occur as a result of this gas leak can cause a lot of losses. This study aims to build an Internet of Things-based gas leak detection tool using NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller that functions as a brain to execute commands that have been made. Blynk App and SMS to provide information to users in case of gas leaks detected by MQ-6 sensors. This tool will detect gas leaks that occur by receiving data from the MQ-6 sensor which is then processed by NodeMCU ESP8266. If a gas leak is detected, the buzzer will sound and the tool will give an alert by popping up a notification on the Blynk application with an internet connection and sending an alert via SMS so that the alert can be sent even in the absence of an internet connection. With this tool, users can find out earlier if there is a gas leak by getting a notification on the Blynk application and receiving a gas leak SMS, to avoid explosions and minimize damage and losses caused by gas leaks.

Design and Fabrication of a Low-Cost System for Smart Home Applications

Smart systems and security got impressive attention and development in recent years, which have been appeared in the terms of smart homes, intelligent security, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Home automation comprises the controlling of the electrical appliances in the home wirelessly or automatically. Many different integrated circuits, sensors, modules, and embedded systems are available to be compatible to integrate with smart homes. In order to apply the concept of smart homes, many issues should be considered like as providing a user-friendly, reliable, secure, and cost-effective. In this paper, an effective and low-cost smart home system is designed and implemented based on the Arduino microcontroller boards with its compatible modules. The proposed work employed many types of sensors to carry out the tasks for the smart home for a couple of the essential segments, the first one is home security and the latter one is home automation. The antitheft home segment is based on the laser source directed on the light-dependent resistor and infrared sensor; once the thief tries to cut the laser or passes beside the sensor, the alarm will be switched on. The later segment aims to detect the fire occurring by the means of the flame sensor, gas leakage detection by the MQ-05 sensor, servo motor to opening/closing the garage door, LCD to display the status of the all-utilised sensors, and finally, the Bluetooth module to controlling the garage door wirelessly. To increase the system performance and reliability the Arduino Nano and the Arduino Leonardo board are utilised.