Detection Of Biomaterials Research Articles

Aminopropyl triethoxy silane capped ZnO quantum dots for highly selective dopamine

Quantum dots (QDs) can be used as labels with fluorescent nanoprobes and ZnO QDs have a band gap over 4 eV with a large 60 meV exciton binding energy. Capped ZnO presents high quantum efficiency and surface enhancement in biochemical analysis and ultrasensitive detection of biomaterials and proteins. This work reported the synthesis of ZnO QDs capped with different agents of 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from a nonaqueous medium. ZnO QDs were characterized by different techniques of UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescent emission spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Zeta potential and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Photoluminescence (PL) emissions illustrated that APTES capped ZnO QDs have the highest PL intensity and applied as an optical sensor for dopamine (DA) determination in an aqueous solution and real serum samples. The visible luminescence of ZnO may result from either the recombination of a delocalized electron with a deeply trapped hole or the recombination of a delocalized hole with a deeply trapped electron. Zeta potential values showed that the surface potentials of - 4.23, -7.70, -14, -1.94 mV for uncapped ZnO, DMSO, APTES capped, and TEOS capped ZnO QDs, respectively. The fluorescence quenching observed in ZnO QDs primarily stemmed from electron transfer between the ZnO QDs and two variants of dopamine: reduced dopamine acting as electron donors and oxidized dopamine-quinone serving as electron acceptors. APTES capped ZnO QDs probe exhibited a linear dynamic range from 6.2 – 0. 195 nM of DA with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99, limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 nM and a sensitivity of 406.6 µM-1.

Recent Progress of Fluorescent Carbon Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots for Biosensors: Synthesis of Solution Methods and their Medical Applications.

In the fields of health and biology, fluorescent nanomaterials have emerged as highly potential and very useful candidates for use in biosensor applications. These typical highly powerful nanomaterials are carbon dots (CDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) among many other metallic nanomaterials. In the context of medical biosensors, this review article investigates the techniques of synthesis, and many uses of these nanomaterials, the obstacles that they face, and the potential for their future. We cover the significance of fluorescent nanomaterials, their use in the medical field, as well as the several techniques of synthesis for CDs and GQDs, including ultrasonication, hydrothermal, electrochemical method, surface modification, and solvothermal. In addition, we also discuss their biomedical applications, which include biomolecule detection, disease diagnosis and examine the obstacles and prospective possibilities for development of ultra-bright, ultra-sensitive, and selective biosensors for use in in-vivo research.Fluorescent carbon dots and graphene quantum dots is synthesized by using several types of raw material and methods. These Carbon dots and graphene quantum dots are used in the medical field includes detection of biomaterials, detection of cancer, virus and mutation in DNA.

Terahertz Biosensor Engineering Based on Quasi-BIC Metasurface with Ultrasensitive Detection.

Terahertz (THz) sensors have attracted great attention in the biological field due to their nondestructive and contact-free biochemical samples. Recently, the concept of a quasi-bound state in the continuum (QBIC) has gained significant attention in designing biosensors with ultrahigh sensitivity. QBIC-based metasurfaces (MSs) achieve excellent performance in various applications, including sensing, optical switching, and laser, providing a reliable platform for biomaterial sensors with terahertz radiation. In this study, a structure-engineered THz MS consisting of a "double C" array has been designed, in which an asymmetry parameter α is introduced into the structure by changing the length of one subunit; the Q-factor of the QBIC device can be optimized by engineering the asymmetry parameter α. Theoretical calculation with coupling equations can well reproduce the THz transmission spectra of the designed THz QBIC MS obtained from the numerical simulation. Experimentally, we adopt an MS with α = 0.44 for testing arginine molecules. The experimental results show that different concentrations of arginine molecules lead to significant transmission changes near QBIC resonant frequencies, and the amplitude change is shown to be 16 times higher than that of the classical dipole resonance. The direct limit of detection for arginine molecules on the QBIC MS reaches 0.36 ng/mL. This work provides a new way to realize rapid, accurate, and nondestructive sensing of trace molecules and has potential application in biomaterial detection.

Quantitative photothermal analysis and multispectral imaging of dental structures: insights into optical and thermal properties of carious and healthy teeth.

In the analysis of two-layered turbid dental tissues, the outer finite-thickness layer is modeled by an optical transport coefficient distinct from its underlying semi-infinite substrate layer. The optical and thermophysical parameters of healthy and carious teeth across the various wavelengths were measured leading to the determination of the degree of reliability of each of the fitted parameters, with most reliable being thermal diffusivity and conductivity, enamel thickness, and optical transport coefficient of the enamel layer. Quantitative pixel-by-pixel images of the key reliable optical and thermophysical parameters were constructed. We introduced a theoretical model of pulsed photothermal radiometry based on conduction-radiation theory and applied to quantitative photothermal detection and imaging of biomaterials. The theoretical model integrates a combination of inverse Fourier transformation techniques, avoiding the conventional cumbersome analytical Laplace transform method. Two dental samples were selected for analysis: the first sample featured controlled, artificially induced early caries on a healthy tooth surface, while the second sample exhibited natural defects along with an internal filling. Using an Nd:YAG laser and specific optical parametric oscillator (OPO) wavelengths (675, 700, 750, and 808nm), photothermal transient signals were captured from different points on these teeth and analyzed as a function of OPO wavelength. Measurements were also performed with an 808-nm laser diode for comparison with the same OPO wavelength excitation, particularly for the second sample with natural defects. The findings demonstrated that the photothermal transient signals exhibit a fast-decaying pattern at shorter wavelengths due to their higher scattering nature, while increased scattering and absorption in the carious regions masked conductive and radiative contributions from the underlayer. These observations were cross-validated using micro-computed tomography, which also enabled the examination of signal patterns at different tooth locations. The results of our study showed the impact of optical and thermal characteristics of two-layered turbid dental tissues via an inverse Fourier technique, as well as the interactions between these layers, on the patterns observed in depth profiles.

Quantitative extraction and concentration of cytochrome c by liquid–liquid phase separation of aqueous ionic liquids under microflow

In this study, phase separation of aqueous solutions of tetrabutylphosphonium trimethylbenzensulfonate ([P4444][TMBS]) under microflow is utilized for simultaneous target-selective extraction and separation. A microchannel with well structures at the bottom is fabricated in a poly(dimethysiloxane) (PDMS) device. A mixture of protein samples containing [P4444][TMBS] is flowed through the device while it is heated. A protein favorable to be distributed to [P4444][TMBS]-rich phase is selectively extracted and trapped in the well structure. As the separated [P4444][TMBS]-rich phase has a smaller volume, the target analyte is thus enriched. Herein, the selective extraction and concentration of cytochrome c from an aqueous mixture of bovine serum albumin, horseradish peroxidase, and azurin is examined. Quantitative concentrations are confirmed based on the volume ratio of each phase determined by color-information-based colorimetry. Precise selection and control of phase-separable materials enhance the versatility of liquid–liquid phase separation for the highly-sensitive detection of biomaterials and metal ions in small amounts of samples.

Liquid Biopsy for Oral Cancer Diagnosis: Recent Advances and Challenges

"Liquid biopsy" is an efficient diagnostic tool used to analyse biomaterials in human body fluids, such as blood, saliva, breast milk, and urine. Various biomaterials derived from a tumour and its microenvironment are released into such body fluids and contain important information for cancer diagnosis. Biomaterial detection can provide "real-time" information about individual tumours, is non-invasive, and is more repeatable than conventional histological analysis. Therefore, over the past two decades, liquid biopsy has been considered an attractive diagnostic tool for malignant tumours. Although biomarkers for oral cancer have not yet been adopted in clinical practice, many molecular candidates have been investigated for liquid biopsies in oral cancer diagnosis, such as the proteome, metabolome, microRNAome, extracellular vesicles, cell-free DNAs, and circulating tumour cells. This review will present recent advances and challenges in liquid biopsy for oral cancer diagnosis.

Polymer‐Based MEMS Sensor for Label‐Free Chikungunya Virus Detection

AbstractPiezoelectric MEMS (Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical Systems) Cantilevers have successfully been used in a wide variety of applications in recent years. This paper is a simulation‐based study on Micro‐cantilever based Piezoelectric MEMS biosensors for Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) detection. In addition to providing early detection, the proposed method is label‐free, faster, and more reliable. The proposed biosensor detects CHIKV E2 protein via MEMS Sensor. The basic principle involves using piezoelectric material on a micro‐cantilever for biomaterial detection. A piezoelectric MEMS cantilever is simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics and compared for voltage, stress, and displacement for three materials (silicon, gold, and PDMS). Analytical equations are derived. Post‐processing for biosensor design is done in SIMULINK. Simulated voltage, stress, and displacement show a linear relationship with the viral load. PDMS also provided the highest voltage and displacement among the three materials used for MEMS simulation. The graphs show the comparison between simulated and analytical values. Simulation results are also compared to clinical results to prove the biosensor's validity. MEMS Biosensor performance matches with the RT‐PCR results, with the added advantage of faster results. Diagnostic tests in the medical field can be performed using the proposed biosensor.

Particle Size-Controlled Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reaction Nanocatalysts Regulate Ru(bpy)32+'s Dual-potential Electrochemiluminescence for Sandwich Immunoassay.

Multiple signal strategies remarkably improve the accuracy and efficiency of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassays, but the lack of potential-resolved luminophore pairs and chemical cross talk hinders their development. In this study, we synthesized a series of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/reduced graphene oxide (Au/rGO) composites as adjustable oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction catalysts to promote and modulate tris(2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+)'s multisignal luminescence. With the increase in the diameter of AuNPs (3 to 30 nm), their ability to promote Ru(bpy)32+'s anodic ECL was first impaired and then strengthened, and cathodic ECL was first enhanced and then weakened. Au/rGOs with medium-small and medium-large AuNP diameters remarkably increased Ru(bpy)32+'s cathodic and anodic luminescence, respectively. Notably, the stimulation effects of Au/rGOs were superior to those of most existing Ru(bpy)32+ co-reactants. Moreover, we proposed a novel ratiometric immunosensor construction strategy using Ru(bpy)32+'s luminescence promoter rather than luminophores as tags of antibodies to achieve signal resolution. This method avoids signal cross talk between luminophores and their respective co-reactants, which achieved a good linear range of 10-7 to 10-1 ng/ml and a limit of detection of 0.33 fg/ml for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen. This study addresses the previous scarcity of the macromolecular co-reactants of Ru(bpy)32+, broadening its application in biomaterial detection. Furthermore, the systematic clarification of the detailed mechanisms for converting the potential-resolved luminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ could facilitate an in-depth understanding of the ECL process and should inspire new designs of Ru(bpy)32+ luminescence enhancers or applications of Au/rGOs to other luminophores. This work removes some impediments to the development of multisignal ECL biodetection systems and provides vitality into their widespread applications.

Coating of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on glass fibers by a chemical method as plasmonic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors to detect molecular vibrations of Doxorubicin (DOX) drug in blood plasma

In the present study, Doxorubicin (DOX) drug in healthy blood plasma was the focus of the investigation by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In recent years, chemotherapy has been the most popular treatment for various types of cancer; however, its adverse side effects on the patient's health have made a negative aspect regarding the use of this technique. DOX is the most common chemotherapy drug and is used for the treatment of an extensive range of human malignancies. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a precise technique for the detection of chemicals and biomaterials with significantly low concentrations. The glass fiber substrates coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used to detect DOX. First, the Tollens' method was applied to prepare the AgNPs, and the characteristics of fabricated AgNPs were evaluated using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Then, AgNPs were coated on the glass fiber substrate by a chemical method. Finally, the enhancement of the Raman signal resulted from the molecular vibrations of DOX was evaluated using these SERS-active substrates as plasmonic and Raman spectroscopy sensors. Afterward, for making the sensors practical, the DOX in blood plasma were deposited on the fabricated sensors, and the Raman vibrations were evaluated. The SERS-active substrates, AgNPs deposited on glass fiber substrates, were fabricated for the detection of DOX in and out of the blood plasma; the limit of detection (LOD) for both was 10 −10 M, and the mean relative standard deviation at concentrations of 10 −10 M of DOX out of blood plasma, and 10 −10 M of DOX in blood plasma were obtained to be 3.76% and 3.61%, respectively for ten repeated measurements in which the AgNPs were SERS-active substrates of the biosensors for detecting the DOX. In addition, the enhancement factor was calculated both experimentally and via finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation, which was 29.76 × 10 3 and 24.95 × 10 3 , respectively. Therefore, these SERS-active substrates can be used to develop microsensors and show positive results for SERS-based investigations.

A review of applications of surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy laser for detection of biomaterials and a quick glance into its advances for COVID-19 investigations.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is one of the most sensitive analytical tools. In some cases, it is possible to record a high-quality SERS spectrum in which even a single molecule is involved. Therefore, SERS is considered a significantly promising option as an alternative to routine analytical techniques used in food, environmental, biochemical, and medical analyzes. In this review, the definitive applications of SERS developed to identify biochemically important species (especially medical and biological) from the simplest to the most complex are briefly discussed. Moreover, the potential capability of SERS for being used as an alternative to routine methods in diagnostic and clinical cases is demonstrated. In addition, this article describes how SERS-based sensors work, addresses its advancements in the last 20 years, discusses its applications for detecting Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and finally describes future works. The authors hope that this article will be useful for researchers who want to enter this amazing field of research.

Computational assessment of hybrid nanofluid flow with the influence of hall current and chemical reaction over a slender stretching surface

The current study addresses the flowof steady electrically conductinghybrid nanofluid (HNF) across an impermeable slender stretchable sheet. The flow distribution takes into consideration the effects of variablemagnetic fields, heat production, Hall current and chemical reactions. A computational model is establishedfor the purpose to amplify the energy communication rate and enhance the productivity and performanceof thermal energy propagation for several industrial and biological purposes. The hybrid nanofluid is comprised of silver and magnesium oxide nanomaterials in the working fluid water. Among transition metals and alloys, magnesium oxide and silver nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively documented to have broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Silver NPs are the most extensively employed inorganic NP, having several applications in biomaterial detection and antibacterial actions. The scenario has been expressed as a system of PDEs. Which are simplified to the system of ODEs through similarity replacements. The computing approach PCM is used to subsequently evaluate the acquired 1st order differential equations. The outcomesare checked with the bvp4c package and existing literature for consistency and validity. It has been noticed that the axial velocity profile enhances with the effect of Hall current m and velocity power index constraint n, while reducing with the variation of nanoparticles volume friction ϕ1,ϕ2 and slender sheet wall thickness parameter δ.

Laser reshaping of gold nanoparticles for highly sensitive SERS detection of ciprofloxacin

Laser reshaping of hexagonal gold plates is demonstrated to generate particles with different size and shape, which is further used for highly sensitive label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of synthetic antibiotic ciprofloxacin. A nanosecond laser can be used to reshape gold particles to 120-nm diameter and form a spherical-hexagonal combined structure, while a femtosecond laser can reshape the particles into spherical and triangle shapes with an average size of 6 nm. The nano-sized particles can help to enhance the Raman signal and demonstrate a superior performance with a lowest detection limit of 7.5 × 10−8 M for the ciprofloxacin sensing in milk. The presented ultrafast laser reshaping of gold nanoparticles can be exploited in a wide range of plasmonic enhanced sensing applications for a simple, fast, flexible, and portable biomaterial detection.

Gas-sensing and label-free detection of biomaterials employing multiple rings structured plasmonic nanosensor

In this paper, a refractive index sensor based on three circular rings coupled with a straight metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide is presented. At near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, the spectral characteristics of the sensor are extensively analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). Moreover, the refractive index sensing property is comprehensively investigated by altering the design parameters. The results show a maximum sensitivity of 3573.3 nm/RIU with a figure of merit of 21.9, which is suitable for gas-sensing applications. The proposed sensor has also displayed prominent tolerance against manufacturing defects. Furthermore, the sensor proves to be highly sensitive for the label-free detection of blood components and DNA hybridization.

Bioimpedance Spectroscopy: Basics and Applications.

In this review, we aim to introduce the reader to the technique of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a focus on its biological, biomaterials, and medical applications. We explain the theoretical and experimental aspects of the EIS with the details essential for biological studies, i.e., interaction of metal electrodes with biological matter and liquids, strategies of measurement rate increasing, noise reduction in bio-EIS experiments, etc. We also give various examples of successful bio-EIS practical implementations in science and technology, from whole-body health monitoring and sensors for vision prosthetic care to single living cell examination platforms, virus disease research, biomolecules detection, and implementation of novel biomaterials. The present review can be used as a bio-EIS tutorial for students as well as a handbook for scientists and engineers because of the extensive references covering the contemporary research papers in the field.

A facile wet-chemistry approach to engineer an Au-based SERS substrate and enhance sensitivity down to ppb-level detection.

A two-dimensional flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) filter substrate provides an alternative strategy for the highly sensitive portable detection of various toxic molecules and biomaterials. Herein, we developed a solid-liquid interfacial reduction reaction to post-engineer a solid Au nanostructure surface on filter paper to improve the SERS effect. Among four reductants (ascorbic acid, l-dopamine, hydroquinone (HQ), and formaldehyde), HQ possessed a larger oxidation overpotential and facilitated homogeneous growth, forming small Au branch-structure nanoparticles from HAuCl4 solution. Due to the surface effect by exposing abundant -OH groups and intrinsic aromatic rings from TNA/HQ on nano-gold, the SERS effect on positively charged analytes near the plasmonic Au surface was enhanced, while forming a protective layer against severe water interruption. The resulting SERS substrate with branched nano-gold provided several SERS-enhanced sites, increased the enhancement by more than 6 times compared to original SERS sensing, and displayed a 1.4-7.4 × 105 analytical enhancement factor, which leads to a limit of detection down to several ppb. Less than 6% of deviation in the SERS intensity at different sensing sites was observed. We successfully improved the primary SERS substrate using a high overpotential reductant. Owing to its soft and flexible properties, the paper-based SERS substrate can be used conveniently in different sizes, pasting on curved materials, detecting additives in fish, and preventing the coffee-ring effect, showing high practicality and potential commercial value in the future.

A novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) strategy for ultrasensitive detection of bacteria based on three-dimensional (3D) DNA walker

Bacteria seriously endanger human life and health, and the detection of bacteria is vital for the prevention and treatment of related diseases. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is considered as a powerful technique for bacterial detection due to the inherent richness of spectral data. In this work, a novel SERS strategy based on three-dimensional (3D) DNA walker was developed for quantitative analysis of Salmonella typhimurium (S. ty). The complimentary DNA of S.ty-recognizing aptamer (cApt) was replaced from the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) of Apt@cApt in the presence of S.ty, which can trigger the endonuclease mediated “DNA walker” on the surface of gold modified magnetic nanoparticles (AuMNPs). The DNA residues on the surface of AuMNPs can bind to SERS tag through base complementary pairing, and the complex of “AuMNPs@SERS tag” can be separated from the fluid by an external magnetic field for SERS analysis. It was found that the SERS intensity showed a good linear relationship with both lower (10–104 CFU/mL) and higher (104–106 CFU/mL) S.ty concentration. A superior limit of detection (LOD) as low as 4 CFU/mL was achieved due to the signal amplification effect of “DNA walker”, and the preeminent selectivity of the proposed method was determined by the selectivity of the aptamer sequence. This strategy of separating the SERS tag from the biological matrix enables high stability and good repeatability of the SERS spectra, which presents a new method for SERS detection of biomaterials that can benefit various application scenarios.

Near-field Terahertz Sensing of HeLa Cells and Pseudomonas Based on Monolithic Integrated Metamaterials with a Spintronic Terahertz Emitter.

Label-free biosensors operating within the terahertz (THz) spectra have helped to unlock a myriad of potential THz applications, ranging from biomaterial detection to point-of-care diagnostics. However, the THz wave diffraction limit and the lack of emitter-integrated THz biosensors hinder the proliferation of high-resolution near-field label-free THz biosensing. Here, a monolithic THz emission biosensor (TEB) is achieved for the first time by integrating asymmetric double-split ring resonator metamaterials with a ferromagnetic heterojunction spintronic THz emitter. This device exhibits an electromagnetically induced transparency window with a resonance frequency of 1.02 THz and a spintronic THz radiation source with a bandwidth of 900 GHz, which are integrated on a fused silica substrate monolithically for the first time. It was observed that the resonance frequency experienced a red-shift behavior with increasing concentration of HeLa cells and Pseudomonas because of the strong interaction between the spintronic THz radiation and the biological samples on the metamaterials. The spatial frequency red-shift resolution is ∼0.01 THz with a Pseudomonas concentration increase from ∼0.5 × 104 to ∼1 × 104/mL. The monolithic THz biosensor is also sensitive to the sample concentration distribution with a 15.68 sensitivity under a spatial resolution of 500 μm, which is determined by the infrared pump light diffraction limit. This TEB shows great potential for high-resolution near-field biosensing applications of trace biological samples.

Rapid Fabrication of Close-Typed Electrowetting on Dielectric Devices

Electrowetting on Dielectric (EWOD) devices have becomes a common device for manipulating liquid droplets in chemical, electrochemical, disease diagnosis and biomaterial detection processes. EWOD devices are prefect platform for Lab-on-a-Chip devices due to their simplicity with no moving parts and high manoeuvrability precision. In this paper, the rapid fabrication procedure of close-type EWOD devices is proposed. The EWOD electrodes was designed to manipulate droplets as small as 8 microlitre. The experimental test reveals that the droplet velocity increases with the magnitude of applied voltage. The further experiment also confirms the capability of the fabricated EWOD on droplet dispersion, which is common requirement for Lab-on-a-chip applications.

SiO2–Silver Metasurface Architectures for Ultrasensitive and Tunable Plasmonic Biosensing

Here, we indicate that metasurface-based biosensors consisting of silver-metasurface with SiO2 and working in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range can obtain simultaneous high-sensitivity and high-tunable detection of biomaterials including ether with n = 1.3, ethylene glycol with n = 1.4, chlorobenzene with n = 1.5, and quinolone with n = 1.6, where n is refractive index. Using 3D-FDTD method, we numerically extract the optical characteristics of the metasurface sensor and validate by quasi analytic coupled mode theory (CMT). By changing the refractive index of the dielectric layer, maximum sensitivity equal to 658 nm/RIU for Δn = 0.25 is achieved, so it can be able to use in high sensitive plasmonic sensors. Also the results show that the proposed metasurface sensor can be used as a multi-usage structure, such as biomaterial distinguish and identify TE and TM polarization at 40° incident angle (anisotropy in TE mode absorption spectra). Moreover by using silver as the metal layer, maximum and minimum group indexes are achieved as 350 and 486, respectively, so it is a good choice to utilize in harnessing of slow/fast light propagation. The overall size of the sensor is 540 nm × 540 nm × 560 nm, hence is a proper candidate for nanoscale sensor.

Systematic engineering of a nanostructure plasmonic sensing platform for ultrasensitive biomaterial detection

Plasmonically-induced transparency (PIT)-like effect has developed into a powerful approach for accurate monitoring of biomaterial. For this purpose, several invaluable sensors are introduced. However, tunable biosensors are very challenging. Therefore, we propose the combination of PIT-like effects with biomaterials as a biosensing system and use the finite difference time domain method as well as the three-level plasmonic system model. The shifting in responses upon changing of geometrical parameters at the surface of a plasmonic layer are used as a main mechanism in the proposed structure. To get optimal results including the highest sensitivity, environmental and geometrical properties including temperature, pressure, disk inner and outer length, and gaps are considered. Specifically, we evaluated two types of stimulation: response to ethanol, and water. Sharp PIT-like resonances in the optimized disk arrays provide high-intensity sensitivities, with an element size of 500 × 330 nm2. Refractive index, temperature, and pressure sensitivities of 1271 nm per refractive index unit (nm/RIU), 0.47 nm per Celsius degree (nm/∘C) for ethanol and 0.077 nm/∘C for water, and 5 nm per Mega Pascal (nm/MPa) are obtained. The proposed structure is very useful for detecting ultra-low concentrations of analytes.