Destructive Reactions Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF THE WAR-INDUCED, UNSTABLE LIVING CONDITIONS ON PERSONALITY’S MENTAL HEALTH

The purpose of the article. Our work examines the psychological features of the main types of destructive ways of responding to unstable living conditions and their impact on one’s mental health and personal efficiency. The growing number of people facing unstable life conditions and those needing effective psychological strategies to overcome stress and crises are the basis of our study's relevance. The majority of the trauma studies in the field of psychology are devoted to studying the impact of the most common short-term trauma, but the conditions we find ourselves in recently are forcing people to adjust to uncertainty and the traumatizing events that happen to have no visible ending point. The adjustment to long-term trauma means that one comes to realize that there’s no point in postponing life until after the trauma, but rather learning to live one’s life to the fullest and grab every possible opportunity for self-actualization. It is well known that one’s reactions to stressful and unstable situations can be constructive or destructive. The paper aims to identify and analyze the main types of destructive reactions, such as somatization, distress, depression, and anxiety, as well as to study their impact on personal traits that correspond with personal growth and self-actualization. Research methods. We applied the following methods to meet the research tasks: psychological testing, analysis of psychological literature, and statistical methods of data processing, which enable a deeper understanding of the ways the mechanisms of destructive responses to unstable living conditions are formed. Results. The paper examines theoretical approaches to understanding destructive behavioral patterns and their application in psychological assistance. We were able to prove the suggestion that destructive ways of responding, such as anxiety, distress, depression, and somatization complicate the process of self-actualization significantly, reducing the level of personal growth and self-knowledge. We also offer recommendations on the optional techniques for reducing the impact of destructive reactions and supporting positive personality development for psychological assistance and mental health protection. Conclusions. The study results can be effective for psychology practitioners, psychotherapists, and other mental health professionals. They can also become the basis for further scientific research in stress management psychology and psychotherapy. As such, some of the results were presented at the round table “Mental health during the war: challenges and perspectives”. Keywords: distress, unstable living conditions, self-development, self-actualization, influence

Exploring bonding temperature variations in diffusion brazing of B4C ceramics with Ni-Cr-Si-Fe-B interlayer: Mechanical and microstructural analysis

This study examines the impact of the bonding temperature parameter on the quality of diffusion brazing joints of B4C ceramics using a Ni-Cr-Si-Fe-B interlayer. Various factors including shear strength, hardness, microstructure, interfacial phenomena, elemental diffusion patterns, formed compounds and phases, and fracture surfaces of the samples were analyzed and compared. The brazed sample at 1110 °C for 1/2 h exhibited the highest shear strength of 62 MPa. Increase of the bonding temperature to the optimum level (1090–1110 °C) enhances the fluidity of the molten interlayer, facilitating its diffusion into the porosities of the ceramic components. This increase also promotes higher interactions within the system, creating favorable conditions for element diffusion. However, surpassing the optimum temperature (1110–1130 °C) may lead to increased destructive reactions and intensify the impact of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch, resulting in residual stresses and a subsequent decrease in bond strength. The excessive increase in the bonding temperature (1130–1150 °C) can lead to the excessive fluidity of the molten interlayer, potentially causing effusion onto the joint's fixture and damaging the samples. The results indicate the formation of various compounds between the elements of the interlayer and carbon and boron elements, including SiC, Ni4B3, CrB2, Fe2B, Ni6Si2B, and B2Fe3Ni3, at the fracture surface of the sample bonded at 1110 °C. The more substantial peaks of these compounds, compared to other samples, could be a reason for the higher strength of this particular sample.

Impact of the Stefan gusting on a bioconvective nanofluid with the various slips over a rotating disc and a substance-responsive species

This paper presents thorough computational and theoretical analyses of steady forced convective flow over a rotating disc submerged in a water-based nanofluid containing microorganisms. It delves into the examination of boundary layer flow characteristics of a viscous nanofluid, considering Stefan blowing effects and multiple slip conditions influenced by a magnetic field. Notably, the study accounts for novel aspects such as thermal radiation and both constructive and destructive chemical reactions. The movement of nanoparticles is elucidated based on thermophoresis and microscopic behaviors, while changes in volume fraction do not affect the thermo-physical properties of the nanofluid. To address the altered nonlinear set of differential equations, an effective numerical approach, the Keller-Box method, is implemented for critical and efficient solutions. These appropriate transformations are defined and applied. When compared to blowing suction, it shows a better enhancement in the rate of heat transfer, mass, and microorganisms. Some of the main observations are there is a decrease in wall skin friction in the directions of radial and tangential as magnetic field strength is increased. The evaluation of thermal boundary layer thickness and temperature is noted for the radiation parameter (Rd) improvement. The present analysis has applications in electromagnetic micro-pumps and nanomechanics. As to the applications in the science and engineering fields, technologies such as micro-electromechanical systems-based microfluidic devices and microfluidic-related technologies will be accepted.

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЕ ПОДРОСТКА, БОЛЬНОГО ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ ОРГАНОВ ДЫХАНИЯ, НА ЭТАПЕ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ

High stressogenicity of surgical treatment, especially in phthisiopediatrics, preconditions the necessity of both psychological preparation of patients at the pre-operative stage and psychological assistance at the early and late post-operative stages. The article represents a clinical observation demonstrating effectiveness of psychological support to a teenager experiencing high stress load, personal anxiety, destructive reactions, insufficient social skills required for interactions with surrounding people at the stage of surgical treatment. Psychological assistance enabled to achieve improvement and stabilization of the emotional state of the girl, increase motivation for recovery, cope emotional disadaptation, stimulate personal development, obtain skills of constructive reactions and interpersonal interactions.

Celastrol restricts experimental periodontitis related alveolar bone loss by suppressing inflammatory cytokine response.

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. The host defense mechanisms are responsible for inflamatuar and destructive reactions in periodontitis. Celastrol is one of the most promising components of the plant in Eastern and Southern China that has a long history of use in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The aim of this animal study was to inspect the preventive or restrictive effects of celastrol on periodontitis-related inflammatory host response and alveolar bone loss. 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: control, experimental periodontitis (Ep), and experimental periodontitis-celastrol (Ep-Cel). Periodontitis was induced by placing ligatures sub-paramarginally around the mandibular first molars of the rats in the Ep and Ep-Cel groups and maintaining the ligatures for 15 days. For 14 days following the ligature placement, celastrol administration (1 mg/kg BW day) for the Ep-Cel group and vehicle injection for the control and Ep groups was carried out. At the end of the experiment, mandibula and gingiva samples were obtained after the euthanasia. Alveolar bone loss was measured on serial histological slices; Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β levels were measured on gingiva samples by ELISA. Systemic celastrol administration significantly restricted the alveolar bone loss that was higher in rats with periodontitis. (p < 0.05) Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β levels that were high in the gingiva of the rats with periodontitis were found significantly lower in rats administered celastrol. (p < 0.05). Celastrol restricted periodontitis-related alveolar bone loss by suppressing the inflammatory response.

Uncovering the Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging by Organosilicon Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Additives Using Fundamental Kinetic Analysis

Reactive oxygen species, among them radical anions, have been a subject of numerous investigations within the lithium-ion battery and lithium-air battery communities because of their capacity for destructive side reactions with both solvent and electrolyte components of their chemistries. Electrolyte additive components which can control these destructive species represent an opportunity for technical innovation. Such innovation, however, is hampered by a lack of fundamental understanding of the reactive pathways that these reactive compounds might take in systems as complex as battery electrolyte. With this in mind, we have explored a family of structurally related reactive oxygen species scavenging electrolyte additive molecules and quantified their fundamental reactivity with the superoxide radical anion. These experiments have also allowed us to determine the mechanism of action by which these additives scavenge radical anions, thereby supporting the rational design of future additives aimed at reactive oxygen species suppression in battery contexts.

The Catalytic Upgrading Performance of NiSO4 and FeSO4 in the Case of Ashal’cha Heavy Oil Reservoir

Aquathermolysis is a promising process for improving the quality of heavy oil under reservoir conditions. However, the application of catalysts during the process can significantly promote the transformation of the heavy fragments and heteroatom-containing compounds of crude oil mixtures into low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. This research paper conducted a comparative analysis of the catalytic effectiveness of water-soluble metal salts like NiSO4 and FeSO4 in the process of aquathermolysis to upgrade heavy oil samples extracted from the Ashal’cha reservoir. The temperature of the experiment was 300 °C for a duration of 24 h. Compared to the viscosity of the native crude oil, the Fe nanoparticles contributed to a 60% reduction in viscosity. The viscosity alteration is explained by the chemical changes observed in the composition of heavy oil after catalytic (FeSO4) aquathermolysis, where the asphaltene and resin contents were altered by 7% and 17%, accordingly. Moreover, the observed aquathermolytic upgrading of heavy oil in the presence of FeSO4 led to an increase in the yield of gasoline fraction by 13% and diesel fraction by 53%. The H/C ratio, which represents the hydrogenation of crude oil, increased from 1.52 (before catalytic upgrading) to 1.99 (after catalytic upgrading). The results of Chromatomass (GC MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) show the intensification of destructive hydrogenation reactions in the presence of water-soluble catalysts. According to the XRD and SEM-EDX results, the metal salts are thermally decomposed during the aquathermolysis process into the oxides of corresponding metals and are particularly sulfided by the sulfur-containing aquathermolysis products.

A Dynamic Model of Constructive and Destructive Reactions to Job Search Envy

A Dynamic Model of Constructive and Destructive Reactions to Job Search Envy

Against the Tyranny of Truth

The place of truth in the public sphere and public politics has recently been shattered, as evidenced by the rise of concepts like “post-truth”. Severe concerns about truth being defenseless in the face of the masses embracing lies gave rise to the fears that unchained democracy together with the newest communication technologies threatens the destruction of the rational public sphere. This paper proposes a distinctly political approach to the challenges that truth is facing. It draws on Gabriel Tarde’s idea of publics as crowds to direct the attention towards political experiences sustaining the prevalence of different sorts of lying and truth-denial in the public sphere. Hannah Arendt’s observations on the inherent tensions between truth and politics are employed to demonstrate that the imposition of truth can be tyrannical and trigger its rejection as a properly political rebellious response. The paper proposes to differentiate between two distinct political-emotional experiences behind anti-truth politics, those of truth-rejection and truth-hostility, the latter resulting from a massive depoliticization and filled with cynicism and nihilism. It is argued that attempts to protect truth by extra-political means misapprehend the causes of resistance against truth, and are likely to result in the more destructive reactions. The paper hints at the need for re-establishing the political legitimacy of truth.

Crossroads between copper ions and amyloid formation in Parkinson's disease.

Copper (Cu) ion dys-homeostasis and α-synclein amyloid deposits are two hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, I will discuss the connections between these features, with a major focus on the role of Cu in the α-synuclein (aS) amyloid formation process. The structurally disordered aS monomer can bind to both redox states of Cu (i.e., oxidized Cu(II) and reduced Cu(I)) with high affinity in vitro. Notably, the presence of Cu(II) (in absence of aS N-terminal acetylation) and Cu(I) (when in complex with the copper chaperone Atox1) modulate aS assembly into β-structured amyloids in opposite directions in vitro. Albeit the link to biological relevance is not fully unraveled, existing observations clearly emphasize the need for more knowledge on this interplay and its consequences to eventually combat destructive reactions that promote PD.

Numerical simulation on Cu–H2O nanofluid of destructive and generative reactions in a Darcian medium: application of wall suction and blowing

Application of – nanoparticles in a base fluid of water means the growth of thermal conductivity of Nanofluid. This physical behavior recommends the prospect of applying nanofluids in electronic cooling and advanced nuclear systems. The formulated leading equations are transformed to non-dimensional form by appropriate similarity transformations and finally solved numerically through Runge–Kutta Shooting method of 4th order. The novelty of the current investigation is to examine the impact of wall suction/ injection over the dual solutions by numerical simulation for time-independent, two- dimensional nanofluid flow along a semi-infinite porous stretching horizontal wall placed in a Darcian medium under the application of magnetic drag force. The significant outputs are portrayed in dual solutions for suction/injection and deliberated their salient effects of various emerging physical variables on velocity, temperature, and molar concentration of Copper nanoparticles in water base fluid. It is obtained that the nanoparticle concentration grows via larger destructive chemical reaction and lessens when generative chemical reaction is enhanced. This investigation leads to opposite behavior due to endothermic reaction. The significance of such investigation in Darcian porous medium have frequent applications in the major area of industrial and engineering technologies that covers the bio-engineering, rubber technology and material processing.

Study of an unsteady fluctuative MHD flow of elasticoviscous liquid past a vertical porous plate

AbstractMost flows which occur in nature/practical applications are fluctuating. The fluctuating motions superimposed on the main motion are complex. Further, the unsteadiness of the flow is an added reality to applications in various fields. The free convection flow of an electrically conducting fluid past different types of vertical bodies subjected to a magnetic field is studied because of its wide range of applications in astrophysics, geophysics, aerodynamics, electromagnetic pumps, the flow of liquid metals, and so forth. In the present analysis, an attempt has been made to study the thermal radiation effect on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of an incompressible elasticoviscous liquid (Walters‐B' fluid model) along an infinite hot vertical permeable surface embedded in a porous medium with heat source and chemical reaction. The governing equations of motion, energy, and concentration are solved by an approximate analytical method, that is, the successive perturbation technique and numerical method (Runge–Kutta with shooting). The solution procedure rests upon the basic assumption that the unsteady boundary layer involves a steady basic flow superimposed on an unsteady flow. The most striking outcome is that the combined effect of oscillation outflow, the elasticity of the fluid, and thermal as well as mass buoyancy overrides the resistive electromagnetic force and suction at the plate to enhance the velocity so that high values of magnetic strength are not desired. Further, a higher value of the heat source parameter accelerates the momentum diffusion resulting in the escalation of the velocity field. Fall of concentration is relatively faster in cases of heavier species as well as destructive reactions. The heat transfer coefficient assumes positive values indicating the heat flows from the plate to the fluid (cooling of the bounding surface and heating of the fluid). These observations may have industrial (design of heat exchanges) and therapeutic bearings.

Preliminary Experience in Post-COVID-19 Mycoses: A Pathologist's Perspective.

Background Coronavirus disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-19. Because of co-morbidities and indiscriminate use of steroids and antibiotics, the incidence of opportunistic fungal infections has increased in COVID-affected individuals. Aims and objectives The aim of the study is to analyze the various tissue reaction patterns of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in the surgical debridement specimensusing routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and special stains like periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Grocott-Gomori's methenamine silver (GMS), Masson trichrome (MT) and Prussian blue (PB), and to understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 sequelae. Materials andmethods This retrospective observational study was conducted after the approval from the Institute Human Ethical Committee (IHEC) on 45 tissue samples of COVID-associated mucormycosis using routine H&E and histochemical stains such as PAS, GMS, MT, and PB. Detailed demographic profiles, clinical information, radiological findings, and relevant microbiological data in available cases, like reports on potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount preparation, and fungal culture reports on Saboraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium were collected.The different histomorphological tissue reaction patterns were observed and analyzed. Results All the surgical debridement specimens from post-COVID cases had histomorphology of mucormycosis displaying broad, aseptate, ribbon-like fungal hyphae with right-angle branching (45/45). Six of the 45 cases also reveal thin, narrow septate, acute angle branching hyphae, indicating co-existing Aspergillosis (6/45). The histological tissue reaction patterns observed were categorized as extensive tissue necrosis (100%), vascular proliferation (82%), angioinvasion (58%), giant cell reaction (53%), fibrin thrombi (47%), septic thrombi and angiodestruction (40%), fungal osteomyelitis (33%), necrotizing granulomas(31%). Conclusion This study infers that post-COVID-19 associated mucormycosis, alterations in the local tissue microenvironment are found to have a favorable effect on colonizing fungi and result in destructive tissue reactions such as angioinvasion, angiodestruction, necrosis, necrotizing granulomas, suppurative inflammation, and iron pigment deposition. The spectrum of morphological changes reflects the host's immune status.

Mathematical analysis of casson fluid flow with energy and mass transfer under the influence of activation energy from a non-coaxially spinning disc

A Casson fluid is the most suitable rheological model for blood and other non-Newtonian fluids. Casson fluids hold yield-stress and have great significance in biomechanics and polymer industries. In this analysis, a numerical simulation of non-coaxial rotation of a Casson fluid over a circular disc was estimated. The influence of thermal radiation, second-order chemical reactions, buoyancy, and heat source on a Casson fluid above a rotating frame was studied. The time evolution of secondary and primary velocities, solute particles, and energy contours were also examined. A magnetic flux of varying intensity was applied to the fluid flow. A nonlinear sequence of partial differential equations was used to describe the phenomenon. The modeled equations were reduced to a non-dimensional set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity replacement. The obtained sets of ODEs were further simulated using the parametric continuation method (PCM). The impact of physical constraints on energy, concentration, and velocity profiles are presented through figures and tables. It should be noted that the effect of the Casson fluid coefficient, the Grashof number, and the magnetic field reduces the fluid’s primary velocity contour. The mass transfer field decreases with the action of constructive chemical reactions, but is augmented by the effects of destructive chemical reactions. The accelerating trend in Schmidt number lowers the mass profile, while it is enhanced by increasing values of activation energy and Soret number.

Study of chemically reactive and thermally radiative Casson nanofluid flow past a stretching sheet with a heat source

AbstractNanoparticle (NP) delivery is an exciting and rapidly developing field that adequately takes care of thermal radiation in blood flow and is likely to have bearing on the therapeutic procedure of hyperthermia, blood flow, and heat transfer in capillaries. The NP parameters such as size, shape, and surface characteristics can be regulated to improve nano‐drug delivery efficiency in biological systems. The NPs outperform traditional drug delivery processes in drug carrying capacity and controlled release. The current article investigates the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of thermally radiative Casson nanofluid (NF) over a stretching sheet with chemical reaction and internal heat source. In our study, Cu and Al2O3 are taken as NPs in a suitable base fluid. The problem is analyzed by using similarity transformations and is solved with MATLAB's built‐in solver bvp4c. The effects of pertinent parameters characterizing the flow model are presented through graphs and tables. The important findings of the investigation are noted as: the use of metallic oxide is more beneficial to attain higher temperature within a few layers close to the bounding surface; the appearance of convexity and concavity in the concentration profile attributed to flow instability, and the constructive and destructive heterogeneous reactions at the bounding surface have distinct roles to modify the NF flow in the boundary layer.

Melting heat phenomenon in thermally stratified fluid reservoirs (Powell-Eyring fluid) with joule heating

The currant study focuses on the characteristics of melting heat phenomenon in the Powell-Eyring fluid flow deformed by the linearly stretchable sheet in the vicinity of stagnation point. Quadratic thermal stratification, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and Joule heating are implemented to disclose the heat transport properties. Magnetic field is implemented to the fluid with an angle α. Mass diffusion is scrutinized through quadratic solutal stratification and constructive/ destructive chemical reactions. A system of dimensionless governing equations are achieved through appropriate transformations. Physical behaviors of temperature, velocity and concentration fields are elaborated through graphs. Skin friction, entropy generation, rates of mass and heat transfer are disclosed through graphs corresponding to pertinent parameters. Decrease occurs in temperature field for dominant melting and thermal stratification phenomenon. Entropy has inverse behavior in case of dominant thermal stratification while similar behavior of melting case. The interesting behavior in melting heat transfer phenomena is the increase of temperature as we raise the Prandtl number. Also, it is worth mentioning that the velocity outline accelerated and temperature profile decelerated with the enhancement of melting factor.

Thin-Film Morphology and Optical Properties of Photoisomerizable Donor-Acceptor Oligothiophenes.

It was recently reported that the most popular electron-accepting units introduced to π-conjugated oligomers studied for organic photovoltaic applications are susceptible to unwanted and even destructive photochemical reactions. The consequences of Z/E photoisomerization of the popular 2-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)rhodanine (RCN) unit on the optical and morphological properties of a homologous series of RCN-functionalized oligothiophenes are studied here. Oligomers consisting of one, two, or three thiophene units were studied as pure Z isomers and with E isomer compositions of 25, 53, and 45%, respectively, for Z/E mixtures. Solutions of Z isomers and Z/E mixtures were characterized by UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy, wherein changes to optical properties were evaluated on the basis of E isomer content. X-ray diffraction of thin-film Z/E mixtures reveals crystalline domains of both Z and E forms after thermal annealing for mono- and bithiophene oligomers, with greater interplanar spacing for E crystalline domains than the Z counterparts along the substrate normal direction. The surface morphology viewed by atomic force microscopy also shows fiberlike structures for the E form with a much larger aspect ratio than for the Z domains in the bithiophene oligomer. Optical characterization reveals drastic changes in the solid state upon introduction of the E form for the mono- and bithiophene derivatives, whereas subtle consequences are noted for the terthiophene analogue. Most notably, a 132 nm redshift in maximum absorption occurs for the bithiophene oligomer films containing 53% E isomer compared to the pure Z counterpart. Finally, although solid-state photoisomerization experiments find no evidence of Z → E isomerization in polycrystalline Z films, E → Z isomerization is observed and becomes more restrictive in films with higher crystallinity (i.e., after thermal annealing). This structure-property study, which elucidates the consequences of the RCN configuration on solid-state packing and optical properties, is expected to guide the development of more efficient and stable organic optoelectronic devices.

Visualization of non-Newtonian convective fluid flow with internal heat transfer across a rotating stretchable surface impact of chemical reaction

The present investigation focuses on the characteristics of heat and mass transfer in the context of their applications. There has been a lot of interest in the use of non-Newtonian fluids in engineering and biological disciplines. Having such considerable attention to non-Newtonian fluids, the goal is to explore the flow of Jeffrey non-Newtonian convective fluid driven by a non-linear stretching surface considering the effect of nonlinear chemical reaction effect. The relevant set of difference equations was changed to ordinary equations by using a transformation matrix. To create numerical solutions for velocity and concentration fields, the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method along with the shooting approach is utilized. The innovative fragment of the present study is to scrutinize the magnetized viscous non-Newtonian fluid over extending sheet with internal heat transfer regarding the inspiration of nonlinear chemical reaction effect, which still not has been elaborated on in the available works to date. Consequently, in the restrictive sense, the existing work is associated with available work and originated in exceptional agreement. Graphs depict the effects of various variables on motion and concentration fields, like the Hartman number, Schmidt number, and chemical reaction parameter. The performance of chemical reaction factor, Schmidt number, Hartmann number, and Deborah numbers on velocities component, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed through graphs. The effect of emerging parameters in the mass transfer is also investigated numerically and 3D configuration is also provided. It is observed that the Deborah numbers and Hartmann numbers have the same effect on velocity components. Also, the thickness of the boundary layer reduces as the Hartmann number increases. As the Schmit number grows, the concentration field decline. For destructive and generative chemical reactions, the concentration fields observed opposite effects. It is also noticed that the surface mas transfer reduces as the Hartmann number rises. The statistical findings of the heat-transfer rate are also documented and scrutinized.

Effects of Taheri Consciousness Fields on Concrete (ASR)

The Alkali-silica reaction of concrete is known as one of the destructive reactions. There are many studies in this area. Taheri Consciousness Fields (TCFs) were founded and introduced by Mohammad Ali Taheri as new Fields. These Fields are neither matter nor energy, therefore, they do not possess a quantity, but they have direct effects on both matter and energy. In other words, although TCFs cannot be directly measured, we can investigate their effects indirectly through various controlled experiments. In this study, cement mortar samples were examined by using the ASTM C1260 standard and under the effect of a type of TCF known as TCF(H). Additional experiments, aggregate petrography, L.O.I (Loss on Ignition), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence), and FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) were performed to further investigate the effect of TCF(H). It was found that the TCF (H) was able to reduce the expansion and improve the cement mortar function by up to 10% (average ̴̴ 7% P-value=0.008) and make observable changes in chemical and elemental compositions.

A renaissance for lithium-sulfur batteries through low-cost, efficient, and sustainable biomass cathodes

Although lithium-ion batteries face material sustainability issues, one promising alternative—lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries—suffers from destructive chemical reactions. Recently in Chem, Hou et al. proposed one viable solution: an encapsulating lithium polysulfide electrolyte. We discuss this advance and the potential role of biomass as an alternative sustainable material for Li-S battery cathodes. Although lithium-ion batteries face material sustainability issues, one promising alternative—lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries—suffers from destructive chemical reactions. Recently in Chem, Hou et al. proposed one viable solution: an encapsulating lithium polysulfide electrolyte. We discuss this advance and the potential role of biomass as an alternative sustainable material for Li-S battery cathodes. An encapsulating lithium-polysulfide electrolyte for practical lithium–sulfur batteriesHou et al.ChemJanuary 21, 2022In BriefAn encapsulating LiPS electrolyte (EPSE) is proposed for suppression of parasitic reactions based on a nano-heterogeneous solvation structure design of LiPSs. In the EPSE with di-isopropyl sulfide (DIPS) as a co-solvent, soluble LiPSs are encapsulated into two concentric solvent shells with different solvating power and reduction stability. Reduction-stable DIPS in the outer solvent shell significantly suppresses the parasitic reactions between encapsulated LiPSs and lithium metal. This work opens up new frontiers in electrolyte engineering toward long-cycling lithium–sulfur batteries. Full-Text PDF