Destruction Of People Research Articles

The Impact of War Exposure on Morality: Evidence From the Battle of Mosul

The Battle of Mosul (2016–2017) was one of the most grueling urban warfare campaigns in recent memory. The fighting quickly concentrated in West Mosul, where civilians prevented by the Islamic State from leaving their homes experienced airstrikes and indiscriminate shelling by government forces. Utilizing the as-if-randomness of severe damage or destruction of people’s homes, this paper examines the impact of war exposure on the endorsement of moral foundations among a large and diverse sample of Mosul residents ( N = 1027). Home damage increased binding morality but had a larger impact on individualizing morality, heightening concerns about fairness and protection from harm. A survey experiment in which the sectarian identity of the target was randomly assigned further revealed a strong association between individualizing morality and parochial altruism. Challenging conventional wisdom, both individualizing and binding morality reinforce group cohesion in ways that are functionally adaptive and responsive to the damage wrought by war.

Requirements of the professional and combat activities of the military personell of the Special Operations Forces to their physical and psychological preparedness

The aim of the article is to find out the requirements of the professional combat activity of servicemen of the Special Operations Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to their physical and psychological preparedness. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, Internet data networks, documentary method. On the basis of the analysis of open literary sources, the peculiarities of the professional and combat activities of servicemen of the Special Operations Forces (SOF) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and NATO member countries have been clarified. Their purpose and main tasks are disclosed. The historical aspects of the formation of the SOF have been studied. The typical tasks of the SOF have been clarified, including: modern combat operations and raids; psychological operations; work of "civil administration"; obtaining intelligence information on the front line; creation of agency networks; aid; search, evacuation and delivery of prisoners, hostages; preparation for coups, overthrow of regimes; introduction into the structure of military organizations and special services for the purpose of espionage or destruction of people who pose a threat to the state; anti-terrorist operations; detection, identification, determination of targets for own means of destruction. This determines the high requirements for the physical and psychological training of the personnel of the SOF.

Combating crimes against humanity in the 21st century

In the 21st century Ukraine faced with horrific crimes against humanity that were known during World War II. Despite the Minsk agreements, on February 24, 2022 the Russian Federation started a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The issue of combating crimes against humanity in the 21st century is considered. The commission of such crimes violates a number of international conventions and treaties, including the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court of 17 July 1998, the Charter of the United Nations of 26 June 1945, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and fundamental freedoms of November 4, 1950, etc. The international community should focus their attention on inadmissibility of violation of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The ratification of international instruments and the existence of institutions, aimed at ensuring peace in the modern civilized world, should prevent encroachments on the territory of other states, mass destruction of people and civilian buildings. The invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine, use of weapons of mass destruction, missiles and gunfire against the civilian population is not only an encroachment on the territorial integrity of Ukraine. This is an encroachment on European values, which ​​have been built for centuries in response to the experience of war. The best way to deal with crimes against humanity and war crimes as well is integration and unity of the international community in combating these crimes. The existence of global problems, environmental and economic crises, epidemics, epizootics, poverty especially conditioned integration of the international community for peace. Last but not the least, the human rights standards should be complied with at prosecuting people who have committed and been involved in crimes against humanity

Knowledge and education for peoples’ sovereignty

ABSTRACT Living examples of peoples’ sovereignty can illustrate the path toward positive people-centred alternatives to control by the capitalist State, wealthy private land-owners and corporations. Efforts to undermine Indigenous and other peoples’ sovereignty have been deliberate and continue to take place in industrialized and ‘developing’ countries. Yet peoples’ sovereignty has the capacity to unite and educate people in important ways. Many examples of education to promote peoples’ sovereignty are emerging, building on the knowledge that communities have generated over time. This is a very different educational model than the one most commonly recognized and implemented in industrialized societies. People working in higher education everywhere have the responsibility to educate our students about the history of colonization and destruction of peoples’ sovereignty, so that they understand the real history of their countries, to build alliances with other educators globally, and to form bonds of solidarity with peoples’ movements.

Green Criminology and State-Corporate Crime: The Ecocide-Genocide Nexus with Examples from Nigeria

ABSTRACT Following the lead of researchers in other disciplines, a handful of state and corporate crime, and green criminological researchers have addressed crimes such as genocide and ecocide. Criminologists have drawn attention to the intersection of state and corporate crimes (i.e. state-corporate crime), and illustrated how state and corporate crimes victimized, among other groups and other places, citizens of African nations. More recently, criminologists, particularly green criminologists, have begun to examine the connection between genocide and ecocide, or how the human destruction of ecosystems and people are inter-related, and reflect features of state-corporate crime. The current study examines these issues and extends that discussion by describing how the intersection of genocide-ecocide can be linked to treadmill of production arguments and related approaches in environmental sociology. Specifically, we suggest that the ecocide-genocide nexus is useful for understanding how the destruction of people and ecosystems by states and corporations intersect throughout the history of capitalism, with evidence that many contemporary genocides are driven by ecocide and efforts to expand raw material resource withdrawals controlled by the capitalist treadmill of production. This perspective is then applied to the case of Nigeria to illustrate how the oil-related treadmill of production and the history of governance in Nigeria facilitated eco-genocide, or the genocide of Native Nigerians through ecological destruction over the past half century. Our argument links concepts and theory from environmental sociology, state-corporate crime research, green criminology, ecological Marxism, human rights scholarship and various other literatures addressing ecocide and genocide. We describe how the capitalist treadmill of production, as a specific phase in the history of capitalism, continues the historical tendencies toward ecocide-genocide generated by colonial capitalism, and how the interaction between state and corporate behaviour facilitates expanded production and profit making through accelerated rates of ecological withdrawal which then promotes ecologically induced genocide.

BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM: PREPARING THE ESSENCE

Biological terrorism is the reality of today. It is understood as the deliberate use by individuals, terrorist groups or organizations, separate structures of state bodies of biological weapons of destruction ofpeople, animals and plants in order to destroy or disable people, causing great economic, social, political, demographic and environmental losses to the country and the world community , imposing a certain line of behavior on international organizations, states, local governments in solving external and internal issues problem. The negative consequences of bioterrorism are revealed, three classes of biological agents, the main methods of combat use of biological weapons are analyzed.

Tango Dancing with María Lugones

Tango Dancing with María Lugones

Counteraction to sabotage measures on ammunition depots in the context of hybrid warfare

The state of the military sector is one of the most important indicators of the state’s development, it also determines the level of influence of the country on the economic and political situation that is taking place on the international scene. Ensuring the proper state of Ukraine’s national security is accompanied not only by the mentioned factors, but also by the fact that our state is in a military conflict with the Russian Federation. The article is focused on studying the issues related to the nature of the modern hybrid warfare in Ukraine, an act of sabotage was considered as one of the ways of such a war, it analyzed the acts of sabotage, the object of which is ammunition depots placed on the territory of Ukraine. The suggestions for improving and refining the system of counteraction to acts of sabotage are provided.
 The topic of the study is relevant, therefore, it requires detailed consideration and study of the hybrid warfare’s nature, which combines not only conventional combat operations, but also political, economic, information, cybernetic means of combating the enemy. In the context of the military conflict, where Ukraine is located, the issue of counteracting and combating actions of sabotage, which is understood as an act aimed at weakening the state of explosions, arson, or other actions aimed at mass destruction of people, causing bodily harm or other harm to their health, destruction or damage of objects that have an important national or defense significance, etc. In our study, particular attention is paid to such objects as stockpiles of ammunition, where weapons, missiles, ammunition, explosives, firearms, special means are stored.
 The authors of the article offer the main ways of improving and reforming the security system of these objects. The highlighted problems and suggested ways for their solution can become the fundamental basis for the development of a new security strategy.

SCORCHED EARTH: VIOLENCE AND LANDSCAPE IN NEW KINGDOM EGYPTIAN REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR

Death and destruction of peoples and lands are the reality of war. Since the Old Kingdom the destruction of enemy landscape is attested in Egyptian written sources and the number of attestations increases in the following periods, culminating in the New Kingdom. This is also the period when the first visual attestations of enemy landscape destruction appear. In this paper I will explore the actors, targets and acts concerning violence against enemy landscapes together with the use of landscape elements as metaphors for the violent treatments of enemies during the New Kingdom. The study shows that there are differences in representations of treatments of Syro-Palestinian and Nubian landscapes, which could be related to the reality of war itself, as monumental enemy fortresses did not exist in Upper Nubia, at least not on the same scale as in Syria-Palestine. This real difference went hand in hand with the ancient Egyptian construction of the Other as unsettled. Thus, urban landscapes of Syria-Palestine are objects of violence in the visual record where they are reduced to unsettled landscapes through destruction and desolation. It is also shown that this reality of war is additionally framed through Egyptian rules of decorum ascribing most of the destructions of landscape to the king and only some to the soldiers.

Devotion and/or Destruction? The Meaning and Function of חרם in the Old Testament

AbstractThis article examines the meaning and function of the verb חרם in the Old Testament. A survey of the semantic domain shows that in contexts of war the verb indicates the extermination or destruction of people, emphasizing the radical nature of the destruction. The usual interpretation of the verb as »to devote to destruction« is problematic. The use of the verb in the Mesha Inscription, which is often mentioned in favour of this interpretation, is not identical with the use in the Old Testament. In the Mesha Inscription, the verb has the meaning »to devote«, but both the construction (with the complement

PEMBINAAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER

There are many interested cases that would be studied by a judgeman. In this case, the role of goverment and the student’s parents as having role of main central education in forming the behavior of students well. A part of society consider that the problem taken by the students caused by globalization era. The fact of globalization make the society forgot about the significant characters of nation. The educational character is the fundamental of nation which has a very important role and should be taught before to the next generation. Moral crisis and character grow ofcourse related to education directly or indirectly. Character crisis that had involved in this country caused by the destruction of people in the socity especially boys and girls which become the cultural collectively. The cultural will become internally getting to the Indonesian people’s feeling and become a character. The character of Indonesian people is determined by the behaviour of Indonesian people itself. The parents and the headmaster or teacher of school is only hopefully the succesful of students academicly that can be measured by the result of his/her prestige or rank, it is not talking about his/her way in teaching. This things orientally forces the student’s parents to their son for studying hard in order to reach the target hopefully. One way to solve the problem alternatifely is by using the educational character. The educational of character combines and improves the activity of informal education area in the family environtment by getting formal education in the school. Many schools and families should be selective in doing the process of education, don’t appear be bored to the students, teacher, and the parents should often attract the studnts or his/her son to study the nature directly. The process of teaching should not be forced but it should be done pleasently, it is not only based on the theory; teaching is not used the docterin way or arrogantly

It's Complicated: Inflammation from Metchnikoff to Meryl Streep

It's Complicated: Inflammation from Metchnikoff to Meryl Streep

On the Role of Mao Zedong

In 1995 a foreign reporter interviewed me about Mao. She sought me out as someone who had met the man in person and openly admired him over the years. She asked, "What about all the people he killed? What about all those famine deaths? And what about all the suffering and destruction of people in the Cultural Revolution?" With these questions she lined herself up with the current media line on Mao, the line of conventional wisdom, which is to present him as a monster—Mao, the monster. The usually more enlightened BBC reached a new low that week with their Mao centenary program. It made him out to be not only a monster but also a monstrous lecher far gone into orgies with teenage girls. Such a low level of attack! It cheapened the BBC and should have backfired, but you never can tell these days.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

The “World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine” (WAEDM) (Club of Mainz)

The “Club of Mainz” for Improved Emergency and Disaster Medicine Worldwide was conceived in 1973 and founded in 1976 by about 10 reanimatologists under the leadership of the late Rudolf Frey (Crit Care Med 6:389, 1978). Its objectives are: “(1) to foster optimal resuscitation and life support methodologies worldwide; (2) to concern itself with a range from everyday emergencies to mass disasters, with appropriate consideration for differences in populations, available resources and other factors; and (3) to informally pursue the objectives by combining the resources of scientific, social and related information and experiences, together with international communication and collaboration.”The Club of Mainz recognizes the experiences and contributions of other organizations for public health related disaster relief, which particularly helps uninjured survivors and rehabilitates regions, but wishes to add the potentials of modern resuscitation (emergency and critical care medicine), focusing on the acutely ill or injured individual victim in distress.The Club of Mainz was inspired by the Club of Rome, which was initiated in 1968 by the late Aurelio Peccei and some other concerned non-medical leaders and scientists. The 10 non-medical key problems identified by the Club of Rome have equivalents for disaster medicine: (1) overpopulation (starvation); (2) no long range planning; (3) destruction of the environment (destruction of people); (4) business crises; (5) competitive armament leading to wars; (6) poverty (starvation, epidemics); (7) chaotic development in science and technology; (8) antiquated institutions; (9) schisms between East and West and between North and South; and (10) lacking moral leadership.

The Task of Man Is Man

It is not easy for a European to take a dispassionate stance toward the USA. The waves of idiotic anti-Americanism and the (smaller) waves of undiscriminating glorification have distorted the face of the America seen by many Europeans. My remarks are those of a. European, more particularly of an Austrian from Vienna, a city that decisively stamped the character of a Sigmund Freud and of an Adolf Hitler. Mine is a stance rooted in the experience of critical love which feels itself co-responsible for both the super-strength and the super-weakness of this American dinosaur, this giant baby that, in its relatively brief history, has contributed notably and bloodily to the world's genocide and ecocide; first and foremost in exterminating the Indians and the buffalo. A look into Dee Brown's Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (New York, 1970) brings into view abysses, abysses in man, in the beast man (the animal is never bestial). America has added its contribution to the genocidal destruction of peoples and to the desolation of landscapes, just as practiced in Europe for over 2,500 years, ever since the days of the Roman Empire.