Destruction Of Mangrove Forests Research Articles

Strategic Model for Mangrove Forest Resource Management in Boalemo District, Gorontalo Province

Mangrove forest destruction in Boalemo Regency has increased significantly over the past decade. The condition of mangrove forests has been degraded due to the pressure of population growth, especially in coastal areas. Damage to mangrove forest resources is certainly very dangerous to the ecosystem of fisheries resources, biodiversity and destroys the stability of coastal forests that support the protection of inland and rural agricultural crops. The purpose of this research is to design a model of sustainable mangrove forest resource management strategy in Boalemo District, Gorontalo Province, so that it can be applied as a policy in improving and optimizing mangrove forest resource management efforts in Gorontalo Province. The method used is Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The results showed that there are thirteen sub-elements of program requirements needed to build the model, of the thirteen elements of program requirements there are no sub-elements that occupy quadrant I, in quadrant II there are two sub-elements and in quadrant III there are six sub-elements, in quadrant IV is occupied by five sub-elements which are key elements to build a mangrove forest resource management strategy model.

Mitigation of Mangrove Forest Destruction in East Kalimantan Province

The present study was proposed to answer the problem of mangrove forest destruction through various policies of the East Kalimantan Regional government by using the literature study method followed up through Focus group discussion. As a result of this research, the implementation of policies carried out by the East Kalimantan Provincial Government can now be said to be successful, although there are still indicators that need to be improved, such as in the resource variable. Moreover, it was found that there were still problems that occurred with the management of the Mangrove Forest area in the previous government. There are recommendations from the results of this research to conduct a joint evaluation with the Central Government regarding the policy of private sector activity programmes, and there must be supervision after planting. Provisions in sectoral laws related to natural resources, apart from those that specifically regulate environmental protection as in Law 32/2009, are regulated in various forms.

Analysis of mangrove vegetation on Mursala Island

Mangrove forest destruction is a serious problem that is currently occurring in almost all of Indonesia. To ensure the success of mangrove forest rehabilitation and as evaluation material, monitoring the condition of the rehabilitated mangrove ecosystem is very important. The methods used in measuring and observing mangrove vegetation are the path method and the grid line method. Transects were selected using the Purposive Sampling method after conducting an initial survey. The transect locations were chosen to reflect the overall condition of the mangrove forest in the study area. As a result of the research, 30 research plots were built, and 6 types of mangrove species from 3 families were obtained, namely Rhizophoraceae (Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza), Combretaceae (Lumnitzera racemosa), and Meliaceae (Xylocarpus granatum). Rhizophora stylosa dominates with the highest IVI, namely (118.4), followed by Rhizophora mucronata (78.0) and Rhizophora Apiculata (55.1). This shows that Rhizophora stylosa has the strongest role in the tree community in the study area. At the seedling stage, the diversity index (H’) reached 0.4, indicating a relatively low level of diversity. At the sapling stage, the diversity index increased to 1.0585 and at the tree growth stage, the diversity index was 1.38, indicating a balanced level of diversity.

Enrichment and Bioavailability of Phosphate in a Highly Urbanized Zone of Cochin Estuary, South India

ABSTRACT Sequential extraction (SEDEX method) was employed to explore the distribution of sediment-bound phosphorus (P) fractions and the bioavailability of P in Cochin estuary. Concentration of P fractions in surface sediments of the study area ranged as follows: Detrital P > Organic P > Authigenic P > Exchangeable P > Iron-bound P. Generally increasing trend was displayed by all the phosphate fractions toward the downstream sites due to effluent discharges from industrial, domestic, municipal, agricultural sectors and destruction of mangrove forests. The elevated levels of inorganic phosphorus (133.55–918.73 mg/kg) reflected the large-scale delivery of sediment loads associated with great floods during 2018 & 2019. Significant correlations of fine-grained sediment particles with all phosphate fractions indicated surface adsorption as a dominant distribution mechanism. Concentration of iron-bound phosphorus was controlled by adsorption on iron oxy-hydroxides. The buildup of bioavailable phosphate (range: 23.76 to 49.97%) indicate the fact that the estuarine sediments function as a sink for the nutrient. The upper and middle part of the study area recorded more severe contamination and eutrophication risk as indicated by phosphorous pollution index (range: 0.31 to 2.56).

Efektivitas Bangunan Organic Coastal Defence (OCD) untuk Meningkatkan Persentase Keberhasilan Penanaman Mangrove di Mempawah Mangrove Park

Damage to the mangrove forest ecosystem causes the erosion of beach-forming sediments. Mempawah Mangrove Park (MMP) has experienced severe abrasion and this abrasion caused the land around the coast of MMP to be lost in the current. The loss of land was exacerbated by the destruction of mangrove forests, so in 2011 MMP carried out reforestation of mangrove forests to restore the lost land. Planting often fails, where newly planted mangroves die and are lost in sea currents after 1 to 2 months after planting. In 2022 MMP will collaborate with Environmental Engineering Students at Tanjungpura University under the auspices of the Tanjungpura University Laboratory UPT in activities Matching fund to innovate mud-retaining buildings and breakwaters. The building was named Organic Coastal Defence (OCD). The OCD building consists of a mud retaining building (mud trap) and breakwater buildings (breakwater). The materials used are pieces of board, pieces of wood and pieces of bamboo, where the majority of these materials are left over from building construction in MMP. This building was proven to be able to increase the percentage of success in mangrove planting where during the 6 month monitoring period mangroves that were living in good condition reached 50% in mud trap 1 and 58%. on mud trap 2.

Gen Z: Peduli Terhadap Ekosistem Mangrove di Kelurahan Lalowaru, Konawe selatan

Background: The problem of mangrove forest degradation in coastal areas is caused by various factors, including industrial activities, household activities, cultivation activities and land clearing for settlements. Previous research has stated that there needs to be concern from various parties so that mangrove forests in coastal areas are maintained. Until now, mangrove forest destruction, both natural and deliberate, is still quite high, making it a problem in most coastal areas. Situation Analysis: school students as the younger generation play an important role in disseminating knowledge about the importance of maintaining and preserving mangrove forests in coastal areas. Through this activity, it is hoped that a high level of love and concern for the environment can be created for school students in coastal areas. Approach Method: The approach stages carried out in this program consist of educating school students regarding the importance of maintaining mangrove forests in coastal areas. Results and Conclusions: When providing education to school students, they are first given an understanding of the importance of mangrove forests for the environment. After being given education and then practicing planting mangrove seeds directly, school students became enthusiastic about taking part in maintaining the mangrove ecosystem. Based on this, it can be concluded that education for the younger generation regarding the important function of mangrove forests needs to continue to be encouraged so that the younger generation is also involved in preserving coastal areas.

Implementasi Metode Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) dalam Pemilihan Zona Prioritas dan Alternatif Berbasis Data Klasifikasi Indeks Vegetasi

Vegetation index analysis using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) model needs to be processed using a decision support model to follow up on the Landsat 8/9 Operational Land Imaginer (OLI) satellite image data interpretation results. However, studies using the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method to determine priority zones based on vegetation index classification data are still limited. This study uses the SMART decision support model to process NDVI classification data in mangrove areas. The stages in this study consist of four parts: the data collection stage, the data processing stage; the data analysis stage; and the data interpretation stage. At the data collection stage, the raster data used was sourced from the United States Geology Survey (USGS) platform, namely Landsat 8/9 OLI with coordinate raster data (Lat 01o43'18" N, Lon: 128o04'15" E) in 2013, 2018, and 2023. In addition, video and aerial photographs at the study site were taken using drones (Phantom 4 Version 2). At the data processing stage, the model used in calculating raster data is NDVI using the QGIS 3.30.1 application. This research data analysis and interpretation stage uses the SMART decision support model. The SMART decision support model is used to produce recommendations for priority zones for mangrove ecotourism development based on the results of the NDVI classification (minimum value, average value, maximum value) adjusted to the Decree of the State Minister of Environment Number 201 of 2004 concerning standard criteria and guidelines for mangrove forest destruction (rare, medium, and dense). Based on the calculation of the utility value of criterion C1 as a cost with a weight of 0.50 in the NDVI classification data for 2023, the second observation station is recommended as a priority zone with a total value of 0.50. Meanwhile, the calculation of the utility value of criterion C3 as a cost with a weight of 0.50 in the NDVI classification data in 2023 recommended the third observation station as a priority zone with a total value of 0.88. This means that the SMART method can be used to identify and analyze priority and alternative zones for the sustainable development of mangrove ecotourism areas.

The Analysis of Land Use Change of Mangrove Ecosystem in Langkat, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Mangroves are subtropical and warm temperate intertidal ecosystems that sustain the well-being of humans and wildlife through a variety of services. However, the existence of mangroves is presently threatened by alterations in land use. From 2010 to 2022, mangrove areas in Pasar Rawa Village, Gebang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra province have decreased significantly. The destruction of mangrove forests is primarily caused by the neighboring community's activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of damage and density of mangroves in Pasar Rawa Village, as well as to examine the perceptions of locals regarding the management of mangrove ecosystems. The investigation was carried out from January to March 2023 by distributing the questionnaires to the 286 respondents. Based on the vegetation analysis and indexing vegetation analysis through Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 image processing, the amount of mangrove areas in Pasar Rawa Village decreased by 52.97 ha between 2010 and 2022, with the majority of mangrove areas being converted into oil palm plantations and fish farming ponds. It is dominated by the dense class of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in 2022, despite the condition of the mangroves in Pasar Rawa Village still being classified as damaged during this recovery process. In addition, the outcome of public perception demonstrates that the management of the mangrove ecosystem is suitable and supports the capacity to create a sustainable mangrove ecosystem.

Growth rate of seedling (Rhizophora sp.) in mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province

Ecosystem mangrove is an important ecosystem both ecologically and economically. Therefore, this ecosystem needs to be managed in a sustainable manner. Mangrove rehabilitation is one of the activities to reduce the rate of destruction of mangrove forests and it is a conservation effort on damaged mangrove land. The purposes of the research were to analyse the rate growth of seedling Rhizophora sp. after rehabilitation, and the correlation between environmental parameters and seedling growth in mangrove rehabilitation, Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh. The observation was started from January to March 2022. The results obtained are important data in planning sustainable mangrove forest management. The highest increasing in stem height and stem diameter of Rhizophora sp. were at stations one with values of 1.22 cm week−1 and 0.25 mm week−1. All sampling location showed the number of leaves was increased 1 leave week−1. The highest increasing of stem height at the fourth week with the value were 2.1 cm week−1 in station 1, and 2.2 cm week−1 for station 2. The pearson correlation explained that there was no significantly correlation between environmental characteristics included C-organic, soil fraction, nitrogen (N total), potassium (K), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and temperature with seedlings growth of Rhizophora sp where Psig.>0.05. However, the soil profile consisted of Phosphorous (P) and salinity was significantly correlation with seedling growth due to Psig. <0.05.

Report on current status of mangrove forests in India

AbstractThere are positive effects on climate, water availability, and temperature that may be attributed to the presence of mangrove forests. In addition, mangroves provide natural infrastructure and protection to human communities that are located nearby by preventing erosion and absorbing the effects of storm surges caused by large weather events such as hurricanes. Regrettably, the disappearance of mangroves harms the ecology and the environment's viability. Using secondary sources and a descriptive approach to study, this article investigates the impact that the destruction of mangrove forests in India has had on the surrounding ecosystem. The research findings indicate that India's most significant contributors to environmental destruction are development activities and other reasons. Deforestation may lead to many negative outcomes, including changes in climate, a reduction in biodiversity, the destruction of habitat, and armed conflict.

IDENTIFIKASI KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS MANGROVE (STUDI KASUS DESA KULI, KECAMATAN LOBALAIN, KABUPATEN ROTE NDAO, PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR)

Kuli Village , Lobalain District , Rote Ndao Regency has a relatively natural mangrove forest ecosystem. For the people of Kuli Village, the existence of mangrove forests which are very important as a support for their lives directly and indirectly has been felt by the people of Kuli Village. The most worrying thing about the destruction of mangrove forests is the loss of mangrove species which causes a decrease in the species diversity of mangrove forests. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of mangroves in the Coastal Area of Kuli Village, Lobalain District, Rote Ndao Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province.This research was conducted in Kuli Village, Lobalain District, Rote Ndao Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province .The determination of the measuring plot is done in a simple random sampling manner. The data collection techniques used in this study are primary data and secondary data. From the data collected, descriptive and quantitative data analysis was carried out. The results of the study obtained that there are 6 types of mangroves that grow, namely Perepat (Soneratia alba), Mangrove (Rizhopora apiculata), Pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris), White mangrove (Bruguiera cylindrica), Fire-fire (Avicennia marina) and Black Flames (Avicennia alba). The diversity index (H') of all types was obtained at 1.352. This shows that the level of diversity of mangrove species in Kuli Village is included in the moderate category .

The Role of the Biological Diversity Convention in Mangroves Rehabilitation in Indonesia

Mangrove ecosystems are crucial to the management of coastal resources, particularly those of small islands. The destruction of mangrove forests is brought on by mangrove logging and the transformation of mangrove land into aquaculture areas. This is due to the economic demands of the local community. The government has made numerous efforts to protect and rehabilitate mangroves, including mangrove restoration in accordance with Regulation No. 03/MENHUT-V/2004 of the Minister of Forestry and Environment. However, its implementation has not been effective, especially if it is tied to the convention on biodiversity and the Sustainable Development Goals; the protection of mangroves continues to face numerous obstacles. The research methods employed are both empirical and normative. The results of this study indicate that the convention on biodiversity, which is the actual basis for mangrove rehabilitation, has not protected the area because (1) spatial planning does not accommodate mangrove protection; (2) public awareness is low; (3) law enforcement is ineffective; and (4) the problem of mangrove rehabilitation exists.

PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PELESTARIAN HUTAN MANGROVE DI PESISIR TANGKOLAK DESA SUKAKERTA KECAMATAN CILAMAYA WETAN KABUPATEN KARAWANG

The destruction of mangrove forests in Indonesia is increasing over time. Preservation of mangrove forests is needed to maintain the mangrove forest ecosystem so that it can support the lives of coastal communities in environmental, social and economic aspects. The participation of coastal communities is very necessary in helping the success of existing conservation. The purpose of this study was to identify the form, level driving, and inhibit community participation in the conservation of mangrove forests in Tangkolak Hamlet, Sukakerta Village. This research is a quantitative and qualitative research. Data analysis using the method: Likert scale, score, and descriptive. The results showed that community participation in the form of ideas (78.46%), energy (63.08), property (98.46%), and skills (76.92%) were included in the low category with a combined score (81. 54%). Community participation was at the consultation level (score 394 based on Sherry Arnstein's theory). The driving factors consist of a sense of responsibility, the benefits of mangrove forests, self-awareness, and an invitation. Inhibiting factors consist of work, laziness, the role of the community is considered unimportant, and there is no invitation. There is an increase in the form of participation, it is necessary to involve the community in all process activities, and there is counseling to the community about mangrove forest conservation.

Environmental Legal Protection Against Mangrove Forest Destruction In Lantebung Area, Makassar City

This study aims to examine the position of environmental permits in the perspective of environmental crimes against cases of mangrove forest destruction in Makassar City. This study uses a normative-empirical research method, namely the type of normative legal research that is supported and equipped with empirical data. The research approach method used is the statutory approach and the case approach. The types and sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. Furthermore, both secondary and primary data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques and presented descriptively. The results of this research are: The position of environmental permits in the perspective of environmental crimes is an absolute thing to be fulfilled. The environmental permit which was originally regulated in UUPPLH has now been amended in a new regulatory provision, namely Article Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation is an environmental agreement. The nomenclature is different, but the meaning remains the same, namely both environmental permits and environmental approvals are needed to limit the space for business actors to move so as not to deviate from the permits given.

Synergy of Institutional Partnerships in Realizing Village SDGs Through Utilization of Mangrove Fruits for Coffee

The problem in Bukit Batu District is the destruction of mangrove forests due to the logging of mangrove wood to be used as firewood, cerocok wood and charcoal wood, resulting in coastal abrasion of about 5 meters per year, even some villages in Bukit Batu District have shifted their coastline by about 200 meters. inland from the initial location due to abrasion. This incident is certainly contrary to the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Moreover, currently there is a policy that is required by the ministry of villages, development of disadvantaged areas and transmigration to all villages in Indonesia through the use of village funds to realize the Village SDGs through one of the village typologies, namely villages that care about the marine environment. The purpose of this service is to realize the Village SDGs, the village government is experiencing difficulties due to limited resources and knowledge, it is necessary to have a synergistic institutional partnership between the village government, community, universities and companies to facilitate the achievement of the Village SDGs. The method used is a participatory method by inviting people to care about the marine environment. Furthermore, providing knowledge by introducing the use of non-timber mangroves such as mangrove fruit for coffee. The success of this activity is judged by the changes in community activities and routines to preserve the mangrove ecosystem. Increasing public awareness and knowledge that mangrove ecosystems can provide social, economic and environmental benefits in accordance with sustainable development goals.

Destruction to Mangrove Forests in East Luwuk, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi

According to the results of interactions between humans and mangrove forests, the causes of mangrove forest destruction are developing very dynamically. In the sub-district of East Luwuk, Banggai Regency, this study aims to determine the causes of mangrove forest damage. With descriptive analysis, this study utilizes qualitative methods. To determine the factors causing damage to mangroves was done by purposive sampling through interviews. The results showed that the damage to mangrove forests was caused by the conversion of mangrove forests into ponds, rice fields, and settlements. By carrying out restoration, rehabilitation, and restoration of damaged areas and recommending pond management by implementing a silvofishery pattern that can meet community welfare and maintain the survival of the mangrove ecosystem.

Diversity of Fisheries in Sarawak, Northwest Borneo: Present Status and Conservation Issues

Information on fisheries resources in East Malaysia is scarce and poorly known. The current review aims to compile a checklist of fisheries resources in the Northwest Borneo (Sarawak, Malaysia) from available published literature, address the resources' present status, and suggest future monitoring needs for selected critical species. The study also aims to determine several Sarawak land-use issues that are in flux and responsible for habitat degradation. Five hundred sixty-four species belonging to 123 families and 32 orders were recorded from Sarawak waters. Freshwater fish species comprised 48.0% of the total, followed by a marine (36.6%), marine-euryhaline (12.9%), and brackish water (2.5%) species. Of this, Cyprinidae was the most dominant group accounting for the greatest number of species (82 species), followed by Balitoridae (34 species), Bagridae (21 species) and Penaeidae (21 species). Therefore, available fisheries resources should be managed carefully as 48 species (9.0%) are currently vulnerable to extinction. Furthermore, the presence of 20 alien species in Sarawak water bodies also requires attention from the authorities due to the potential disruption of aquatic ecological balance. Changing land use issues in Sarawak such as forest degradation, agricultural expansion, peatland deforestation and conversion, logging, destruction of mangrove forests, and construction of hydroelectric power dams and flood mitigation channels pose significant challenges to fishery management in Sarawak. Our study documents the priority of fishery monitoring and conservation in Sarawak water bodies to ensure sustainable management of fisheries resources.

IDENTIFIKASI KERUSAKAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI KELURAHAN BIRA KOTA MAKASSAR

Mangrove ecosystems are one of the most important areas in maintaining the level of diversity of organisms in the sea. Mangrove damage is caused by abrasion, lack of heeding of the carrying capacity of the coastal environment, and lack of knowledge and awareness of the community around the coast about mangrove ecosystems ecologically / economically. This research was conducted in January – March 2021 in Bira Village, Tamalanrea District, Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province.This study aims to determine the level of mangrove damage, find out damage factors and calculate the estimated value of mangrove ecosystem damage claims in Bira Village, Makassar City. This research used a survey or direct observation method. The results showed that mangrove vegetation in Bira Village is low with very little species diversity. The level of mangrove forest destruction is still in the good category with a percentage of 30.89%. The causative factors are due to the felling of mangrove trees for fuel, infrastructure development, and coastal abrasion. Based on rehabilitation costs referring to P.8 / KSDAAE / SET / REN.2 / 10/201 concerning Activity Standards and Costs for Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems in 2018, a total rehabiliation cost of Rp. 350,220,000 was obtained with a total mangrove forest area of 10 Ha.

Mangrove Forests in Ecuador: A Two-Decade Analysis

Mangroves are one of the most important ecosystems especially due to the services they provide, but in contrast are one of the most threatened by human activities at a global level. In Ecuador, mangrove forests are currently fragile and threatened due to the great anthropic pressure, which has largely reduced the area they occupy. However, there is already evidence that certain actions are contributing both to their conservation and the recovery of the lost mangrove area. In this study, we assessed the multitemporal dynamics of changes in mangrove cover in four coastal provinces of the country over a period of 20 years (1998–2018) based on remote sensing data analyzed using GIS tools. Our results showed that the area affected by mangrove forest destruction reached its maximum during the 1998–2010 period, when 4.56% (194.57 km2) of the mangrove forest was lost. This situation especially affected the provinces of El Oro and Guayas. The main cause for the loss of mangrove cover was the expansion of shrimp farms, followed by agriculture and construction. However, a slight recovery of ~2.9% has been observed, although loss remains constant. Mangrove ecosystem conservation policies, mainly applied to zones within protected areas; the establishment of use and custody agreements and the halt of shrimp farm expansion; the development of mangrove forests on areas with sediment deposits; and natural mangrove recovery processes are key factors for mangrove restoration. These results suggest that it is possible to continue restoring mangrove cover and thus maintain some of the main ecosystem services they provide for the benefit of humans.

Dynamic changes in mangroves of the largest delta in northern Beibu Gulf, China: Reasons and causes

Many mangrove forests occur along estuaries and deltas are experiencing irreparable losses throughout the world due to changes in natural factors and intensive anthropogenic interferences. However, little information is available regarding variations in mangrove forests and associated reasons and causes. Here, the long-term dynamic patterns of mangrove forests in the Nanliu River Delta (NRD), the largest delta in the Beibu Gulf, China, were detected based on a series of hydrosediment data and remote sensing images between 1986 and 2020. The results indicated that the total mangrove forest area of the NRD increased in an incremental manner, even though a rapid decline occurred in the western terrestrial margin of the delta before 1998. Additionally, mangrove forests have expanded southeastward to the sea in the eastern NRD, and they have colonized to the southwest in the western NRD. Moreover, long-lasting horizontal seaward expansion with vertical accretion in the bare tidal flat of the NRD created new sites for potential mangrove regeneration. Furthermore, an average annual sea level rise of 0.2 mm per year and an 86% decline in fluvial sediment supply could not cause expansions and local losses of mangrove forests. The combination of local tidal currents and waves transports sufficient estuarine sediment to the northeast into the delta to provide important sediment material for the deposition of mangrove tidal flats. The mangrove forest destruction induced by local residents and the ecological restoration implemented by the government are the causes of the continuous serious losses and extensive gains of mangrove forests, respectively. The results highlighted that the dynamic changes in mangrove forests in the NRD caused by driving forces from natural and human interferences can serve as significant references for mangrove forest restoration and decision-making policy management in similar deltas around the world.