Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Research Articles

Modifikasi Protokol Routing DSDV Menggunakan Algoritma Dynamic-power transmission untuk Mengurangi Interferensi Sinyal dalam Pengiriman Data Berdasarkan Tingkat Kepadatan Node di Jaringan MANET

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a decentralized collection of nodes that exchange information temporarily via wireless transmission. When nodes communicate, all nodes in the communication range will be affected by signal interference from other nodes. The problem that arises due to this signal interference is that it will affect or interfere with the signal transmitted to the receiver, resulting in a decrease in network performance which will impact the quality of service (QoS). To overcome the problem of signal interference, use interference management. This study applies the Dynamic-Power Transmission (DPT) algorithm to the Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol framework. DPT-DSDV will adjust the communication range automatically based on the node density level. When a node sends data packets to neighbouring nodes, the communication range will be adjusted automatically based on the selected level. The performance of DPT-DSDV will be compared with standard DSDV and standard AODV by looking at performance based on three parameters, namely throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and end-to-end delay. Based on the results of research trials, applying the dynamic-power transmission algorithm can improve the performance of the standard DSDV routing protocol. Throughput results on DPT-DSDV increased by 0.90%. The packet delivery ratio (PDR) increased by 0.50%, and end-to-end delay decreased by 2.80%.
 Key words: MANET, Interference, Quality of Service, Routing, DSDV, Dynamic-Power Transmission.

DESTINATION SEQUENCED DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SIGNAL TO NOISE FOR FLYING AD HOC NETWORK

Flying ad hoc network (FANET) is becoming more popular in both military and civilian applications. The primary characteristic of the FANET is high mobility, which results in a constantly changing topology. This is a significant challenge for protocols that control data transmission from nodes to base stations. As a result, many research groups have recently been attracted to the study of data transmission control protocols in FANET, typically routing protocols. This paper presents the application of the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocols for FANET. We improve the DSDV routing protocol by considering signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when discovering new routes. The simulation results show that the improved DSDV algorithm outperforms the traditional DSDV algorithm in terms of network throughput, end-to-end delay and SNR.

Performance Analysis by Improving Energy Efficiency in IoT Based Wireless Sensor Network for Routing Algorithm

Objectives: To improve the energy efficiency in IoT-based wireless sensor networks. To increase the sensor node lifetime in any wireless sensor network (WSN) based on the Energy-efficient cluster and routing in WSN. The advancement in the electronic industry has to develop the low powerconsuming and low-cost devices for multiple purposes. Methods: A new algorithm is proposed to improve the energy efficiency in IoT-based WSN for routing algorithms. The low power consuming devices are wisely chosen for the respected application and their power management. This study is intended to provide efficient routing algorithms with less energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. Findings: A wireless sensor network deployed with a number of non-static nodes in a communication network are beneficial for numerous fields such as the military, medical sector, structural health monitoring, transportation industries, etc. In this paper, the performance parameters like average throughput, average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, average node energy, and normalized routing load are analyzed. Novelty: We designed and simulated the Distributed IoT-based wireless network system to analyze the information of nodes roaming in the vicinity of the zone area. In proposed technique energy efficiency is increased compared to the conventional algorithm. In node centric routing protocol, energy efficiency is increased from 55% to 68%. In data centric routing protocol, energy efficiency is increased from 65% to 75%. In source-initiated routing protocol, energy efficiency is increased from 68% to 80%. In destination-initiated routing protocol, energy efficiency is increased from 72% to 85%. Keywords: Ad Hoc OnDemand stance Vector (AODV); DestinationSequenced DistanceVector Routing (DSDV); Dynamic source routing (DSR); MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT); Quality of Services (QoS); Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

A Performance Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols

A group of mobile nodes creates an arrangement connected to a remote media, forming a dynamic topology. In adhoc networks, Any time a device sends data to another node, that node uses energy, and occasionally the data transmission will halt when all the power is used up. The difficulty with MANET is reducing the energy consumption of the network's intermediary devices so that the network is active during data transmission because Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) devices are often power-driven. Then, using performance measurements, a performance analysis is carried out across several routing protocols, including Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV), and Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV). The performance analysis is done using the NS2.35 simulator.

Quality of service assessment routing protocols for performance in a smart building: A case study

ABSTRACT Wireless sensor network (WSN) with several sensors is used to group measurements of certain physical quantities or environmental conditions, including sound, temperature, pressure, vibration, motion, or pollution, at various locations and ranges. In WSNs, several protocols address the issue of routing. Sensor nodes in WSN usually have limited energy resources and storage capacities. Therefore, the issue of energy usage in sensors and protocols is very important. This paper analyzes and compares the quality of service (QoS) performances of three important routing protocols of the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) including Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR), and destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV), in a smart building case study. The QoS evaluation metrics include residual energy of nodes, instant throughput (IT), average throughput (AT), packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet loss ratio (PLR), and route discovery latency (RDL) based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol standard. The simulation is carried out using NS2, and the WSN has 16 fixed and 4 mobility nodes with different speeds and paths. The simulation results illustrate that average throughput in AODV is 1.985118 (kbps), however, the figures for DSR and DSDV are 1.977780 and 1.720700 (kbps), respectively. PDR, also, in DSR stands at 1.0, but the figures for AODV and DSDV are lower with the range of 0.999572 and 0.997930, respectively. Overall, The DSR protocol provides a better performance compared to AODV and DSDV routing protocols in terms of PLR and PDR. Also, AODV has better efficiency in RDL and AT compared to other assumed protocols.

Wireless Body Area Routing Protocols Impact Analysis on Entity Mobility Models with Static Sink Node

The most important and emerging characteristic of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), which differentiates them from other wired and wireless area networks, is mobility. Therefore, the routing protocols for WBAN are designed in such a way that they can deal with dynamic changes in topology and provide maximum throughput, packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, and minimum energy consumption. Thus, achieving optimal values for every performance parameter becomes a big challenge. This work investigates the performance of three separate path discovery protocols, such as Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV), Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), and Ad Hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing protocol (AOMDV), for two different mobility models with a fixed-positioned sink. During experimentation, the AOMDV routing protocol achieves a high packet delivery ratio (PDR), average end-to-end delay, and throughput as compared to other routing protocols.

SIMULATION AND COMPARISON OF AD HOC NETWORKS ROUTING PROTOCOLS BASED ON OPNET

Ad-hoc routing algorithm has always been a core problem in research of ad-hoc networks. In order to be able to deal with various routing protocol problems on an ad-hoc network like poor validity and large control overhead, this paper classify and compare ad-hoc network routing protocols through OPNET simulation tool and focus on testing two routing protocols' performance namely, table-driven and on-demand routing protocol. The Destination Sequenced Distance Vector routing protocol is the most used table-driven routing protocols, While AODV and DSR routing protocols are the two most used on-demand routing protocols. The performance of these three protocols is simulated with a variety of packet delivery functions, average end-to-end delays, and routing loads. These protocols are also analyzed and compared. The simulation results show that for a high mobility environment, the on-demand routing protocol is the best option.

Simulation of the Performance Metrics for Securing DSDV Routing Protocol Based on Trusted Environments

To organize the network in an efficient way to minimize the risk of illegal node and to safeguard protected information, a security mechanism is required to secure communication. In addition, a security mechanism is also required to ensure that received information have not been tampered with. In this paper, a more efficient mechanism for Securing the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol (SDSDV) is proposed. This paper comprehensively investigates the performance impacts by varying the number of maximum connections and mobility on securing the ad hoc network with Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol (DSDV) Routing Protocol. From simulation results, we explore the causes for performance degradation. Based on the investigation, we indicate that we have to impose restrictions on the maximum connections to acquire an expected performance. These results also reveal that the performance decreases with the increment of the mobility and maximum connections that is unequal to 60. If we want to obtain the optimal performance, the number of nodes in a network should be constrained to be 60 if the maximum connections are 60.

A Network Architecture and Routing Protocol for the MEDIcal WARNing System

The MEDIcal WARNing (MEDIWARN) system continuously and automatically monitors the vital parameters of pre-intensive care hospitalized patients and, thanks to an intelligent processing system, provides the medical teams with a better understanding of their patients’ clinical condition, thus enabling a prompt reaction to any change. Since the hospital units generally lack a wired infrastructure, a wireless network is required to collect sensor data in a server for processing purposes. This work presents the MEDIWARN communication system, addressing both the network architecture and a simple, lightweight and configurable routing protocol that fits the system requirements, such as the ability to offer path redundancy and mobility support without significantly increasing the network workload and latency. The novel protocol, called the MultiPath Routing Protocol for MEDIWARN (MP-RPM), was therefore designed as a solution to support low-latency reliable transmissions on a dynamic network while limiting the network overhead due to the control messages. The paper describes the MEDIWARN communication system and addresses the experimental performance evaluation of an implementation in a real use-case scenario. Moreover, the work discusses a simulative assessment of the MEDIWARN communication system performance obtained using different routing protocols. In particular, the timeliness and reliability results obtained by the MP-RPM routing protocol are compared with those obtained by two widely adopted routing protocols, i.e., the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and the Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV).

An Optimized and Efficient Routing Protocol Application for IoV

IoV is the latest application of VANET and is the alliance of Internet and IoT. With the rapid progress in technology, people are searching for a traffic environment where they would have maximum collaboration with their surroundings which comprise other vehicles. It has become a necessity to find such a traffic environment where we have less traffic congestion, minimum chances of a vehicular collision, minimum communication delay, fewer communication errors, and a greater message delivery ratio. For this purpose, a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) was devised where vehicles were communicating with each other in an infrastructureless environment. In VANET, vehicles communicate in an ad hoc manner and communicate with each other to deliver messages, for infotainment purposes or for warning other vehicles about emergency scenarios. Unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) assisted VANET is one of the emerging fields nowadays. For VANET’s routing efficiency, several routing protocols are being used like optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol, ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, and destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) protocol. To meet the need of the upcoming era of artificial intelligence, researchers are working to improve the route optimization problems in VANETs by employing UAVs. The proposed system is based on a model of VANET involving interaction with aerial nodes (UAVs) for efficient data delivery and better performance. Comparisons of traditional routing protocols with UAV-based protocols have been made in the scenario of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Later on, communication of vehicles via aerial nodes has been studied for the same purpose. The results have been generated through various simulations. After performing extensive simulations by varying different parameters over grid sizes of 300 × 1500 m to 300 × 6000 m, it is evident that although the traditional DSDV routing protocol performs 14% better than drone-assisted destination-sequenced distance vector (DA-DSDV) when we have number of sinks equal to 25, the performance of drone-assisted optimized link state routing (DA-OLSR) protocol is 0.5% better than that of traditional OLSR, whereas drone-assisted ad hoc on-demand distance vector (DA-AODV) performs 22% better than traditional AODV. Moreover, if we increase the number of sinks up to 50, it can be clearly seen that the DA-AODV outperforms the rest of the routing protocols by up to 60% (either traditional routing protocol or drone-assisted routing protocol). In addition, for parameters like MAC/PHY overhead and packet delivery ratio, the performance of our proposed drone-assisted variants of protocols is also better than that of the traditional routing protocols. These results show that our proposed strategy performs better than the traditional VANET protocols and plays important role in minimizing the MAC/PHY and enhancing the average throughput along with average packet delivery ratio.

Context Information Aggregation Mechanism Based on Bloom Filters (CIA-BF) for High Performance Monitoring Applications of Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) has become a popular technology in recent years. Different IoT applications such as traffic control, environment monitoring, etc. contain many sensor devices, routers, actuators, edge routers, and Base Stations (BS) which communicate with each other and send millions of data packets that need to be delivered to their destination nodes successfully to ensure the High-performance communication networks. IoT devices connect to the Internet using wired or wireless communication channels where most of the devices are wearable, which means people slowly move from one point to another or fast-moving using vehicles. How to ensure high performance of IoT data networks is an important research challenge while considering the limitation of some IoT devices that may have limited power resources or limited coverage areas. Many Kinds of research focus on how to customize routing protocols to be efficient for IoT devices. The traditional routing mechanisms utilized specific IP addresses to identify users while in IoT it is more beneficial to identify a group of users (things) based on any contexts, status, or values of their resources such as the level of their batteries (e.g., low, medium or high). While IoT devices have different characteristics, a multicasting mechanism to send one message to various groups of devices will not be efficient in IoT communication networks since the aggregation of packets is very difficult. Thus, it is useful to propose a mechanism that able to filter data packets that need to be sent to a specific group of devices. In this paper, we propose efficient context-aware addressing mechanism, which is based on bloom filters to increase the performance of IoT communication networks. A routing architecture is built based on bloom filters which store routing information. In our works, we reduce the size of routing information using a proposed aggregation mechanism which is based on connecting each group of IoT devices with an edge router which is hierarchically connected to an upper router after operating its bloom filter. Our simulation results show a significant improvement in the IoT performance metrics such as packets transmission delay, jitter the throughput, packets dropping ratio, and the energy consumption in comparison with well-known routing protocols of IoT such as Destination Sequenced Distance Vector routing protocol (DSDV), and Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol (AODV).

Performance Analysis Of DSDV, AOMDV and ZRP Routing Protocols Application Simulation In Pekanbaru Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET)

The increase in the number of vehicles without the development of driving safety technology, tends to create adverse impacts on society, such as a rise in casualties due to road accidents. Therefore, vehicles need information on the condition of the surrounding traffic environment to provide driver with safety. One of the methods used to obtain prompt information between vehicles that move dynamically is communication technology such as Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). VANET has network characteristics that change rapidly due to the highly dynamic node movement. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the right routing protocol for optimal data transmission. In this study, the DSDV (Destination Sequenced Distance Vector), AOMDV (Ad-hoc on Demand Multipath Distance Vector), and ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol) routing protocols were tested using 3 field data scenarios. The first scenario is a variation of the number of nodes 100, 250, 600, and 700 nodes. The second scenario is a variation of the transmission ranges of 250m, 500m, and 1km. The third scenario is the variation of node speeds of 10 km/hour, 20 km/hour, 30 km/hour, 40 km/hour, and 50 km/hour in Pekanbaru city of Riau province. This research was carried out using the simulation method along with the QoS (Quality of Service) performance testing parameters comprising packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, throughput, collision rate, and packet loss. Out of the three scenarios tested, AOMDV is the best routing protocol to be implemented because it outperforms the other two protocol evaluated in all designated scenarios in the paper. Meanwhile, DSDV and ZRP are superior in end to end delay and routing overhead parameters, respectively.

Performance of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

Recent the researchers very interested to work temporary infrastructure less network called MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks), this one decentralized network with communicated each other via intermediates nodes. In this temporary network based routing is major issue is energy, security and packet drop because of varying network topology due to changing link breakage and node join or leave and mobility of network (source mobility, sink mobility and event mobility with varies three different routing protocols such as table driven and on-demand. In this survey paper discussed performance of various protocols, on-demand such as AODV (ad-hoc on-demand distance vector) and DSR (dynamic source routing) and table driven DSDV (destination sequence distance vector) routing protocols with varying number of nodes and data rate with different environment using various parameters like packet delivery ration, delay and routing congestion using NS2 (network simulator 2, simulation results of packet delivery ratio and congestion best for DSR and AODV then DSDV, results of simulator AODV PDR slightly high then DSR, AODV delay and congestion slightly low then DSR, DSR congestion slightly low then AODV.

Performance evaluation of MANET routing protocols based on QoS and energy parameters

Routing selection and supporting Quality of Service (QoS) are fundamental problems in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Many different protocols have been proposed in the literature and some performance simulations are made to address this challenging task. This paper discusses the performance evaluation and comparison of two typical routing protocols; Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) based on measuring the power consumption in network with varing of the QoS parameters. In this paper, we have studied and analyzed the impact of variations in QoS parameter combined with the choice of routing protocol, on network performance. The network performance is measured in terms of average throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), average jitter and energy consumption. The simulations are carried out in NS-3. The simulation results show that DSDV and AODV routing protocols are less energy efficient. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the directions for the future design of routing protocol which would be better than the existing ones in terms of energy utilization and delivery ratio.

RGIM: An Integrated Approach to Improve QoS in AODV, DSR and DSDV Routing Protocols for FANETS Using the Chain Mobility Model

Abstract Flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) are a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles that communicate without any predefined infrastructure. FANET, being one of the most researched topics nowadays, finds its scope in many complex applications like drones used for military applications, border surveillance systems and other systems like civil applications in traffic monitoring and disaster management. Quality of service (QoS) performance parameters for routing e.g. delay, packet delivery ratio, jitter and throughput in FANETs are quite difficult to improve. Mobility models play an important role in evaluating the performance of the routing protocols. In this paper, the integration of two selected mobility models, i.e. random waypoint and Gauss–Markov model, is implemented. As a result, the random Gauss integrated model is proposed for evaluating the performance of AODV (ad hoc on-demand distance vector), DSR (dynamic source routing) and DSDV (destination-Sequenced distance vector) routing protocols. The simulation is done with an NS2 simulator for various scenarios by varying the number of nodes and taking low- and high-node speeds of 50 and 500, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed model improves the QoS performance parameters of AODV, DSR and DSDV protocol.

Dual-Channel-Based Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Technique for Indoor Disaster Environment

The existing network infrastructure may not work well in a disaster environment caused by a fire or an earthquake. Instead of relying on the existing infrastructure, communicating through a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is recommended because MANET can configure a network without an infrastructured communication system. In addition, firefighters conducting emergency activities in harsh environments surrounded by flames and smoke need a communication system to assist their rapid firefighting operations. Existing work is not suitable for indoor firefighter communications because they did not consider the indoor disaster environment well. In this proposed scheme, dual channels (i.e., 2.4 GHz and sub-GHz bands) are used for an efficient routing table configuration. Data frame and HELLO message are exchanged through the 2.4 GHz band, while the neighbor list of each node is exchanged through the sub-GHz band. Each node can configure the routing table based on the exchanged neighbor list. A performance evaluation is conducted to compare the proposed technique with enhanced versions of optimized link state routing (OLSR) and destination-sequenced distance vector routing (DSDV). The results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the other two MANET routing algorithms (i.e., OLSR-mod and DSDV-mod) in terms of the packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay, and initial routing table configuration time approximately 27.8%, 4.7%, and 166.7%, respectively.

Performance Evaluation of Data Dissemination Protocols for Connected Autonomous Vehicles

An overwhelmed number of vehicles has wrecked the current system of transportation due to rapid growth in population. Smart cities are the novel innovation that is inevitable to curb the problems of traffic jams, unorganized traffic, environmental pollution, and slow response rate to emergency situations. The intelligent transportation system (ITS) is an integral part of smart cities allowing communications and interaction among vehicles. An autonomous vehicle is the key element of ITS and the mass implementation of this emerging technology is the solution to traffic problems linked to the current transportation system. Autonomous vehicles lead to the need for efficient and reliable external vehicular communications particularly through vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). However, utilizing a suitable routing protocol to provide stable routing and efficient performance for vehicular communications in autonomous vehicles is a key factor. Routing protocols are particularly important for establishing vehicular to vehicular and vehicular to infrastructure (V2X) communication, which is incredibly challenging due to the movement of nodes. The quality of inter-vehicular communications is widely affected by numerous factors such as routing protocols, traffic environment, and traffic density. This article presents a detailed evaluation of three commonly used protocols, i.e., Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) under three different traffic environments. To investigate the performance of these routing protocols under diverse environments, simulations are extended further by using the varying density of vehicles. This study aims at finding the best routing protocol for efficient and reliable packet dissemination among vehicles under different scenarios.

A hybrid approach for the optimization of quality of service metrics of WSN

The core objective behind this research paper is to implement a hybrid optimization technique along with proactive routing algorithm to enhance the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSN). The combination of two soft computing techniques viz. genetic algorithm (GA) and bacteria foraging optimization (BFO) techniques are applied individually on destination sequence distance vector (DSDV) routing protocol and after that the hybridization of GA and BFO is applied on the same routing protocol. The various simulation parameters used in the research are: throughput, end to end delay, congestion, packet delivery ratio, bit error rate and routing overhead. The bits are processed at a data rate of 512 bytes/s. The packet size for data transmission is 100 bytes. The data transmission time taken by the packets is 200 s i.e. the simulation time for each simulation scenario. Network is composed of 60 nodes. Simulation results clearly demonstrates that the hybrid approach along with DSDV outperforms over ordinary DSDV routing protocol and it is best suitable under smaller size of WSN.

Secure Routing through Refining Reliability for WSN against DoS Attacks using AODSD2V2 Algorithm for AMI

Secure and reliable routing expands the performance of wireless communication infrastructure of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI).This paper tries to deliver reliable routing using combination of AODV(Reactive type protocol) and DSDV(proactive type protocol) protocol considering WSN. Different kinds of Attack annoys the enactment of communication infrastructure of AMI. This paper defends communication infrastructure from DoS (Denial of service) attack. The main aim of this paper try to provide reliable routing with security. Communication infrastructure is a key element of AMI. Providing reliability and security for communication infrastructure we can improve the performance of AMI. Due to this electricity sector can save millions of dollars and we provide social awareness about importance of electricity security or Smart Grid. This paper calculates the security in terms of delay, energy consumption, throughput, PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio) and overhead. By considering these parameters we will calculate Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability and Accountability (non- repudiation). Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) considered for wireless communication infrastructure for the AMI. Sensor nodes are battered for attack. Intended for AODSD2V2 (Ad Hoc on Demand Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol) protects the data packets from malicious nodes and DoS attack. For the WSN network infrastructure two kinds of topologies are considered 1. Random deployment strategy 2. Grid deployment. Network Simulator2 (NS2) delivers comparatively simulation results intended for the calculation of reliability and security.

Multi-hop LoRaWAN uplink extension: specification and prototype implementation

The coverage of a LoRaWAN network in a city is greatly hampered by the harsh propagation environment. Sensors are sometimes placed under the ground or in places with strong electromagnetic attenuation. Also, for users who have a contract with a network operator, installing another gateway to improve coverage of blind spots is not an option. In other cases, there is no or very weak connectivity (e.g. basements). In the present work, we design and implement a multi-hop uplink solution compatible with the LoRaWAN specification, which can act as an extension to already deployed gateways. End nodes transmit data messages to intermediate nodes, which relay them to gateways by choosing routes based on a simplified version of destination-sequenced distance vector routing. The routing protocol was successfully implemented and was assessed using a linear and bottleneck topology, where the packet reception rate (PRR) and throughput were measured. A carrier activity detection mechanism is also proposed. This paper presents the protocol specification and detailed description of a prototype implementation, as well as experimental performance results. On the bottleneck topology, it was observed that the PRR of each node did not significantly vary. On the linear topology, we observed that the throughput and PRR did not decrease considerably with the increase of hops. A listen-before talk multiple access mechanism is also proposed, which significantly reduces the probability of collision.