Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Protocol Research Articles

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOLS (DSDV, OLSR) & REACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOLS (AODV, DSR) IN MANET USING NS-3

The abstract outlines a comprehensive analysis focusing on routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Ad-hoc networks are dynamic wireless networks without a central infrastructure. This analysis compares two types of routing protocols—proactive (table-driven) and reactive (on-demand)—using simulation analysis. The protocols DSDV, OLSR, AODV, and DSR are evaluated using NS-3, considering various performance metrics under different scenarios. The research aims to provide insights into protocol strengths and weaknesses, aiding network protocol selection and potential enhancements. This investigation contributes to understanding routing behaviours in ever-changing MANETs, benefiting network design and optimization efforts. Keywords: MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network), DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector), OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing), AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

A Mathematical-Based Model for Estimating the Path Duration of the DSDV Routing Protocol in MANETs

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are kind of wireless networks where the nodes move in decentralized environments with a highly dynamic infrastructure. Many well-known routing protocols have been proposed, with each having its own design mechanism and its own strengths and weaknesses and most importantly, each protocol being mainly designed for specific applications and scenarios. Most of the research studies in this field used simulation testbeds to analyze routing protocols. Very few contributions suggested the use of analytical studies and mathematical approaches to model some of the existing routing protocols. In this research, we have built a comprehensive mathematical-based model to analyze the Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector protocol (DSDV), one of the main widely deployed proactive protocols and studied its performance on estimating the path duration based on the concepts of the probability density function and the expected values to find the best approximation values in real scenarios. We have tested the validity of the proposed model using simulation scenarios implemented by the Network Simulator tool (NS3). The results extracted from both the mathematical model and the simulation have shown that the path duration is inversely proportional to both the speed of the node and the hop count. Furthermore, it had shown that the path duration estimated from the DSDV protocol is less than the actual path duration, due to the implementation of the settling time concept and keeping the “periodic routes’ update” parameter at a constant level, despite the fact that the node’s speed reduces the effective path utilization.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CHORDAL RING NETWORK TOPOLOGY TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF WIRELESS BROADBAND NETWORK

The expansion of networks involved higher jump on the users utilizing the networks resources, which may require extra higher bandwidth. Due to the development of technology especially those folded under the Internet of Things (IoT), the new demand of higher data rate is been witnesses among the users. In order to feed the demand of users with high data rate, broadband networks are required where high data rate can be ensured for each user. Broadband networks can be established using optical network that carries the data through wide broadband. Areas such as rural and forests sides which are witnessing plenty of natural obstacles such as mountains, trees, seas, etc. are forming big challenge for propagating a cable (wire) or optical network.
 Due to the limitations of the wire network, World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology has been introduced as substitution for the broadband network. Such kind of alternative can be deployed through any geographical area without concerning on the wire paths. WiMAX preserved large coverage area and hence it may not suffer from the signal hand-off as in the case of another wireless network. In this project, Chordal Ring network topology is implemented to enhance the performance of wireless broadband network. With different routing protocols such as Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Protocol (DSDV) and Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), the network performance was examined for various Chordal Ring degree (e.g. fourth degree and fifth degree). Performance metrics such as number of transmitted packets, number of received packers, delivered packet rate (PDR), total number of drop packers (DP) and average queuing delay (been measured). Finally, the obtained results had been shown that fifth-degree Chordal Ring network is outperforming through DSDV routing protocol

Comparative Performance Evaluation of Mobile Ad-hoc Network Routing Protocols using NS2 Simulator

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an independent assortment of mobile users that communicate over moderately bandwidth constrained wireless links. MANET’s topology is dynamic that can change rapidly because the nodes move freely and can organize themselves randomly; has the advantage of being quickly deployable. Although numerous routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks, there is no universal scheme that works well in scenarios with different network sizes, traffic loads and node mobility patterns, so mobile ad hoc routing protocol election presents a great challenge. In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare the performance of three routing protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks – Ad-Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). We have evaluated the performance of these routing protocols with varying the number of mobile nodes and packet sizes on the basis of four important metrics such as packet delivery ratio, average end to end delay, normalized routing overhead and throughput. Network Simulator version 2.35 (NS-2.35) is used as the simulation tool for evaluating these performance metrics. The outcome of this research shows that AODV protocol outperforms DSDV and DSR protocols.

RGIM: An Integrated Approach to Improve QoS in AODV, DSR and DSDV Routing Protocols for FANETS Using the Chain Mobility Model

Abstract Flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) are a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles that communicate without any predefined infrastructure. FANET, being one of the most researched topics nowadays, finds its scope in many complex applications like drones used for military applications, border surveillance systems and other systems like civil applications in traffic monitoring and disaster management. Quality of service (QoS) performance parameters for routing e.g. delay, packet delivery ratio, jitter and throughput in FANETs are quite difficult to improve. Mobility models play an important role in evaluating the performance of the routing protocols. In this paper, the integration of two selected mobility models, i.e. random waypoint and Gauss–Markov model, is implemented. As a result, the random Gauss integrated model is proposed for evaluating the performance of AODV (ad hoc on-demand distance vector), DSR (dynamic source routing) and DSDV (destination-Sequenced distance vector) routing protocols. The simulation is done with an NS2 simulator for various scenarios by varying the number of nodes and taking low- and high-node speeds of 50 and 500, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed model improves the QoS performance parameters of AODV, DSR and DSDV protocol.

Analisis Pengaruh Metode LET Pada Protokol Routing Proaktif dan Reaktif Pada Jaringan MANET

Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector Protocol (DSDV) is a proactive protocols available in Ad-Hoc mobile network where this protocol is not suitable for use on networks with high mobility because DSDV needs to update routing tables regularly if there is a link between nodes that is disconnected because there are nodes that move out of the transmission signal range and the AODV protocol is a protocol that matches high mobility because it is reactive. So that in a stable route search can be done by selecting a route that has a small chance of being interrupted. LET algorithm is used in the DSDV protocol to find the most stable route by knowing the estimated time between two nodes to remain connected based on the position, speed and range of the transmission signal then compared with the AODV routing protocol based on parameters such as throughput, packet delivery ratio and delay. The results showed that the S-DSDV routing protocol has better performance than the standard DSDV routing protocol.
 Key words : DSDV, Link Expiration Time, AODV, MANET, Routing Protocol

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure less and decentralized networkwhich need a robust dynamic routing protocol. Many routing protocols for such networks have beenproposed so far to find optimized routes from source to the destination and prominent among them areDynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocols. The performance comparison of these protocolsshould be considered as the primary step towards the invention of a new routing protocol. This paperpresents a performance comparison of proactive and reactive routing protocols DSDV, AODV and DSRbased on QoS metrics (packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, throughput, and jitter),normalized routing overhead and normalized MAC overhead by using the NS-2 simulator. In this work,the performance comparison is conducted by varying mobility speed, a number of nodes and data rate.The comparison results show that AODV performs optimally well not the best among all the studiedprotocols.

An IOT-enabled System for Marine Data Aquisition and Cartography

Current satellite communication remains very expensive and impractical for most small to mid-sized vessels, and at the same time marine wireless networking is lack of network coverage. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel IOT (Internet of Things) enabled system for marine data acquisition and cartography based on Ship Ad-hoc Networks (SANET’s). Ships are equipped with Very High Frequency (VHF) radios and several sensors such as sea depth, temperature, wind speed and direction, etc. The collected sensory data is sent to 5G edge clouds incorporated at sink/base station nodes on shore, and ultimately aggregated at a central cloud on the internet to produce up to date cartography. The routing protocols deployed are DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector), AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), AOMDV (Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) protocols, which are very popular in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET’s) and compatible with multi hop routing environments and scalability towards increased traffic and mobility. Simulation results verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed system that has packet delivery rates of up to 80% at shore base stations.

The Effect of Node Speed on Mobile Ad Hoc Network Performance

Announcement between mobile nodes is a challenging network especially via Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), where mobile nodes are capable of moving on a continual basis, which is changeable and challenging to analyse the performance of its routing protocols and application. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of routing protocols over MANET for Ad Hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV), Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), as well as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). We use Network Simulator NS-allinone-2.31 tool for the practical testing and evaluation. We have tested the routing protocols AODV, DSDV, and DSR. So, different performance features are investigated including , Packet loss, Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF), End-to-End Delay. The results indicate that performance of routing protocols where the number of nodes start from 5 to 100 nodes during the entire scenario for node speeds equivalents to 10m/s, besides the delivery of packet size equivalents to 512kb.

Experimental Analysis of OLSR and DSDV Protocols on NS-2.35 in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Mobile ad-hoc networks are autonomous networks of intelligent mobile nodes. Designing an efficient routing protocol with goal efficient route establishment is still a burning research issue. Routing protocols are broadly classified into proactive and reactive protocols on the basis of their nature of working. In this paper, we present comparative simulation analysis of two proactive protocols namely, Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). Simulations have been carried out multiple times using Network Simulator-2.35 (NS-2.35), on random scenario patterns and compared in two environments (OLSR and DSDV) by varying the network size and mobility of nodes. We have patched and installed OLSR protocol on NS-2.35 as it‘s not available as a part of NS-2.35 installation. The simulation results indicate that, OLSR perform better than DSDV protocol for application oriented metrices such as packet delivery fraction, packet loss and end-to-end delay. But, Routing Overheads is significantly consistently higher for OLSR protocol in all the cases considered, which is proven experimentally. Furthermore, based upon the simulation results, work can be done in the direction of improving the performance of the OLSR protocol to make it a choice of proactive protocol for large and denser network.

Performance Evaluation of Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Mechanisms

Routing protocols play a pivotal role in energy-efficient, reliable and robust communication in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). In order to ensure efficient communication, the optimal operation setting of a routing protocol is essential to be ascertained. In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis of three most popular MANET routing protocols, namely, ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV), dynamic source routing, and destination sequenced distance vector protocols. We evaluate the performance of these protocols for different network sizes, each with low and high traffic scenario. The generic evaluation criteria which specify the performance of routing protocols and used in our simulations include packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, average remaining energy of nodes, and throughput. Our in-depth analysis and the comparison results presented in this paper show that AODV protocol outperforms the other two protocols for the selected parameters and various network scenarios.

Performance Comparison of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure less and decentralized network which need a robust dynamic routing protocol. Many routing protocols for such networks have been proposed so far to find optimized routes from source to the destination and prominent among them are Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocols. The performance comparison of these protocols should be considered as the primary step towards the invention of a new routing protocol. This paper presents a performance comparison of proactive and reactive routing protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR based on QoS metrics (packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, throughput, jitter), normalized routing overhead and normalized MAC overhead by using the NS-2 simulator. The performance comparison is conducted by varying mobility speed, number of nodes and data rate. The comparison results show that AODV performs optimally well not the best among all the studied protocols.

Applicability of DSDV and DSR Routing Protocol for MANET with Mobile Gateway

this technological era mobile communication among air transportation is increasing day by day. Maintaining seamless communication by avoiding congestion in a cost effective way is a future challenge. This future challenge can be met by developing solutions for an aeronautical air-ground communication network based on internet technologies. This is done by developing Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are infrastructure-less dynamic networks allowing mobile nodes to communicate beyond transmission range. Nodes in a MANET that connect it to the Internet are called Internet gateways. This research will present a new paradigm for aeronautical communication in air to ground and air to air at future with mobile gateway. Most of the previous researches on MANET were focused on static gateway. In this paper two routing protocols DSDV (Destination Sequenced Distance Vector) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing Protocol) are considered for simulation by Network Simulator (NS-2.35) and shown by performance metrics which is the best one. KeywordsSequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR), MANET, mobile gateway, Network Simulator (NS-2.35).

USE OF LOCATION AIDED ALGORITHM USING WI-FI IN INDOOR AD-HOC SYSTEMS

Mobile Ad-Hoc networks are designed to establish a network anytime and anywhere. Unlike other networks , ad-hoc does not require a fixed infrastructure. There are various rtechniques which are related to ad-hoc netwo rking like Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Protocol (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR) and Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vector Protocol (AODV). One such routing protocol named Lo cation Aided Routing uses GPS (Global Positioning S ystem) to get the coordinates of the nodes which would assist in routin g. There is a definite set of drawbacks where GPS i s used to get the location for the nodes in the ad-hoc network which is implemente d indoor. In this paper, we propose an alternative of using Wi-Fi Positioning System to get the location of the co-ordinates whic h may prove to be a better solution than GPS indoor .

A Comparative Study of AODV and DSDV Routing Protocol of the Vehicle Ad Hoc Network Based on NS2

This document analyzes the wireless ad hoc networks used in vehicle communication. Using the NS2 software, the typical ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) and destination-sequenced distance-vector (DSDV) routing protocol are simulated respectively with 25 mobile nodes and 11 mobile nodes. By reasoning on the simulation data, many performance indicators including the routing protocol throughput, jitter, packet loss rate and end-to-end delay performance are compared and analyzed. Final we have come to an important conclusion that AODV is better than DSDV protocol on a number of performance indicators.

Enhancement in Elimination of Security Threads using Trusted Proactive Routing

Ad hoc networks have been used in many applications which mandate a dynamic setup in the absence of fixed infrastructure. The design of ad hoc network has been mainly focuses on proper operation. It is possible that eventually a malicious node becomes easy to deploy in ad hoc n/w and they cause among other impact performance degradation. One attack that can deploy by malicious node is black hole attack. This paper reviews the problem of occurrence of black hole attack and its solution technique proposed enhancement in proactive routing protocol Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing protocol Using trust based and hop count method.

Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols: A Detailed Performance Examination of AODV, DSR and DSDV

ABSTARCT The latest technology MANETs is being studied widely and attracting a large variety of applications. Due to varying network topology, The most common challenging factor in MANET is routing [2][3]. In this research paper, we study the performance of reactive routing protocols, Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and proactive routing protocol Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). We study the performance of MANETs routing protocol in high mobility case under low, medium and high density scenario. It becomes important to study the noticeable effect of high mobility on the performance of these routing protocols. We examine in detail the performance of routing protocol with respect to Average End-to-End Delay, Normalized Routing Load (NRL), Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF) and Throughput. Simulation study with NS-2 confirms that AODV provide better performance as compared to DSR and DSDV

Analysis and Comparison of Distance Vector,DSDV and AODV Protocol of MANET

In MANET, mobile nodes communicate with each other using wireless channels, without any existing infrastructure. Transmission of all kinds of data will takes place with the help of multiple hops across the network, because the transmission as well as reception range of wireless network is limited. Therefore, routing protocol plays a vital role to facilitate communication within network and is also used to discover proper route between nodes. AODV, DSDV, DSR etc. are the most popular routing protocol for MANET which are used to established correct and efficient path between nodes. This paper examines working of two routing protocols for MANET– the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) which is a proactive protocol depending on routing tables which are maintained at each node and Ad hoc On- Demand Distance Vector routing (AODV) which find route to a destination on demand, whenever communication is needed and their comparison based on certain parameters.

PERFORMANCE STUDY OF ADHOC ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR CBR TRAFFIC

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic network without fixed infrastructure due to their wireless nature and can be deployed as multi-hop packet networks. The nodes are free to move about and organize themselves into a network. These nodes change position frequently. A Reactive (on-demand) routing strategy is a popular routing category for wireless adhoc routing. The primary objective of this paper is to do comparative study of the performance of routing protocols Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad-hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV) for wireless ad hoc networks in a simulated environment against varying network parameters. The evaluations are done by means of simulations using NS-2 network simulator. The study was done on the basis of performance metrics: throughput, packet delivery function, end-to-end delay, routing overhead and packet lost. Simulation results show that despite in most simulations reactive routing protocols DSR and AODV performed significantly better than proactive routing protocol DSDV for the CBR based traffic.

Brief Study of Performance of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networking in Ns-2

Ad hoc networking allows portable devices to establish communication independent of a centralinfrastructure. However, the fact that there is no central Infrastructure and that the devices can move randomly gives rise to various kind of problems, such as routing and security. In this thesis the problem of routing is considered. This paper addresses issues pertaining to two different routing protocols Destination Sequenced Distance vector (DSDV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols, which are used for efficient routing under different scenarios in Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), which plays a critical role in places where wired network are neither available nor economical to deploy. Objective of this paper to show the implementation of two routing protocols using Network Simulators and run it for different number of nodes. Then compared the two routing protocols for different network parameters and studied the efficient protocol under a particular scenario on the basis of two metrics. (1) Packet delivery ratio (2) Routing load DSDV is a Proactive gateway discovery algorithm where the gateway periodically broadcasts a gateway advertisement message which is transmitted after expiration of the gateways timer. DSR is a Reactive gateway discovery algorithm where a mobile device of MANET connects by gateway only when it is needed.