Desktop Publishing Software Research Articles

GCDkit.Mineral: A customizable, platform-independent R-language environment for recalculation, plotting, and classification of electron probe microanalyses of common rock-forming minerals

Abstract GCDkit.Mineral is a platform-independent (Windows/Mac/Linux) freeware for recalculation, plotting, and statistical treatment of mineral data obtained by microbeam techniques, typically an electron microprobe. It is written in R, a language providing a feature-rich environment for statistics and data visualization. This new program imports compositional data in various commonly used file formats or retrieves them from the clipboard. Routines are available for data management, i.e., grouping, searching, and generation of subsets, using regular expressions and Boolean logic. Raw compositional data (wt%) are recalculated to atoms per formula unit (apfu) based on a required number of O equivalents, atoms, or charges, with or without FeII/FeIII estimation by various methods. Analyses may then be recast to structural formulae, i.e., the atoms are distributed into appropriate crystallographic sites. For minerals forming solid solutions, the molar percentages of end-members are computed. All the data may be treated statistically, either by built-in functions for descriptive and multivariate statistics or using the wealth of tools provided by the wide R community. Raw and recalculated mineral data may be plotted on assorted binary and ternary plots and boxplots. Most are defined as internal templates that provide a means to make later changes to the plot (zooming and scaling, adding comments or legend, identifying data points, altering the size or color of the plotting symbols, etc.). The publication-ready graphics may be saved into several vector-(PostScript, PDF, and WMF) and bitmap-based (e.g., PNG, TIF, and JPG) formats, ready to be imported into a professional graphical, presentation, or desktop publishing software. Importantly, the graphical templates are used as a basis for classification. The general classification routine looks for the name of the polygon within the diagram (= graphical template), into which the analysis falls according to its x–y coordinates. The outcome may be either the name of a mineral or a link to another diagram in the case of more complex classification schemes. Following the rules of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), in some cases, the classification is not done graphically but using prescribed algorithms. The class mechanism in R provides an elegant solution to the computational problems presented by the differing requirements of each mineral group. By assigning each mineral species to a particular class, all algorithms may be implemented as mutually independent but mineral group-specific methods. The default recalculation options for each mineral class are stored externally in a small and simple text file. The program is designed to cater to three potential user groups. For users with no familiarity with R, the program is fully menu-driven and contains embedded default recalculation options for many common rock-forming minerals. More experienced users may easily tweak these parameters, as they are saved in a logically structured plain text file. Seasoned R users may invoke GCDkit.Mineral in command line mode, use batch scripts or Python-driven notebooks (e.g., of project Jupyter), or modify and develop new recalculations or plugins. The lucid, open, and modular design thus makes GCDkit.Mineral a versatile workbench for everyday use, as well as a promising platform for community-driven development. The GCDkit family of R tools, including GCDkit. Mineral, is distributed through the WWW. The current version may be downloaded from http://mineral.gcdkit.org.

Evaluation of DTP Package using WPM Method

DTP Package. Pamphlets, brochures, and newsletters are among the types of papers that can be produced using desktop publishing software (DTP). The fundamental capabilities of DTP software are included in contemporary word processors, but features like templates and frames make DTP software excellent for intricate page layouts. Examples based on your document in templates. You can achieve this with the aid of five of the most well-liked desktop publishing programmed: Adobe PageMaker, Adobe InDesign, Quark Express, Adobe FrameMaker, and Corel Ventura. Naturally, no one application has all the resources required to satisfy the needs of every publisher. Adobe FrameMaker, Adobe InDesign, Corel Ventura, CorelDraw, Microsoft Publisher, Page Stream, and QuarkXPress are typical examples of desktop publishing software. Although desktop publishing software includes some templates, it is still easy to produce subpar designs that can impair a media message's effectiveness or transmission. Microsoft Publisher, QuarkXPress, Adobe InDesign, and Adobe FrameMaker are examples of common desktop publishing software. DTP operators have enough of work because they are in charge of both new work and a sizable volume of old data that needs to be converted to digital format. A DTP operator may work for a big company or a tiny grocery store. Desktop publishing software includes applications like Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Publisher, QuarkXPress, and Scribus. While office employees, teachers, students, small company owners, and non-designers utilize some of these, professional graphic designers and commercial printing technicians use others. She is a print and web designer as well as a writer, artist, and graphic designer. Graphic designers and desktop publishers frequently employ four different kinds of software. The designer's toolkit is primarily composed of these projects. Two key pieces of hardware are required for desktop publishing (DTP): 1) a computer with additional input devices like scanners and cameras, and 2) a printer with the ability to generate high-quality typographic and visual content. This paper is the weighted product for solving the routing decision problem Model (WPM) used. Every dynamically assign weight to criteria this proposed scheme considers the relevant valuation method for the Disk Operating System, Desktop publishing, Miscarriage, Scan, Spying alternative, and Count of occurrences across the entire dataset, % of total data, % of anomalous data evaluation. Disk Operating System, Desktop publishing, Miscarriage, Scan, Spying. Count of occurrences across the entire dataset, % of total data, % of anomalous data. The scan is got the first rank whereas Miscarriage has the lowest rank.

Does updating education curricula accelerate technology adoption in the workplace? Evidence from dual vocational education and training curricula in Switzerland

In an environment of accelerating technological change and increasing digitalization, firms need to adopt new technologies faster than ever before to stay competitive. This paper examines whether updates of education curricula help to bring new technologies faster into firms’ workplaces. We study technology changes and curriculum updates from an early wave of digitalization (i.e., computer-numerically controlled machinery, computer-aided design, and desktop publishing software). We take a text-as-data approach and tap into two novel data sources to measure change in educational content and the use of technology at the workplace: first, vocational education curricula and, second, firms’ job advertisements. To examine the causal effects of adding new technology skills to curricula on the diffusion of these technologies in firms’ workplaces (measured by job advertisements), we use an event study design. Our results show that curriculum updates substantially shorten the time it takes for new technologies to arrive in firms’ workplaces, especially for mainstream firms.

Desktop Publishing, Part 3

The articles in this special section focus on the emergence and growth of desktop publishing. This is the third special issue that is devoted to the history of desktop publishing. The first issue appeared in the fall of 2018, and was about the developments in the 1960s and 1970s of computer-driven printing and the technologies that led to the commercial growth of the desktop publishing industry. The second issue, in the fall of 2019, continued the story by describing how those technologies, developed in the 1970s particularly at Xerox PARC, became the foundation for the growth of major desktop-publishing software companies, with articles by founders of Adobe, Aldus, Quark, Frame Technology, and Ventura. The prediction that computers would end the era of print publication goes as far back as Vannevar Bush’s 1945 Memex. The first two Annals special issues on desktop publishing have documented what happened instead, as computing became central to publishing. They were primarily about the technology and the companies that created the digital publishing industry and made it so popular. We continue that documentation in this issue, and also have two articles on the history of font design, which is central to all publishing, both traditional “hot-metal” and digital.

The Ventura Story

Ventura Publisher was the first desktop publishing software package to run on IBM PC compatible computers. Developed in the mid-1980s, Ventura was also the first desktop publishing application to incorporate features such as style sheets and automatic page layouts, allowing for long document formatting. This paper provides an autobiographical sketch of Lee Lorenzen, one of the founders of Ventura Software and developers of Ventura Publisher. Lorenzen outlines his early career in software and the founding story of Ventura Software and their innovative application. He also describes the early competitive landscape in desktop publishing software, including Aldus PageMaker, and then contrasts it with the key long document publishing features of Ventura Publisher such as style sheets, fast hyphenation and justification, automated layout algorithms, and database publishing.

Interview With Tim Gill

Presents an interview conducted with Tim Gill. Gill is the creator of the QuarkXPress desktop publishing software, and the founder of Quark, Inc. Gill was active in Quark right from its founding in 1981 until 2000, during which time QuarkXPress enjoyed significant market success and a devoted following.

Digital print in the material world: paratext in service of narrative

In the early 1990s, most large American publishing houses adopted desktop publishing software, creating an entirely digital book design and layout process. And no one noticed. To this day, only a few scholars have mentioned this fact, and there has been no significant consideration of the effect that desktop publishing has had on literature. This article considers how desktop publishing was employed in three twenty-first century novels: Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves (2001), Jennifer Egan’s A Visit from the Goon Squad (2010), and Junot Díaz’s The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao (2007). These novels are very different and employ desktop publishing software in different ways, showing the expansion of possibility in the era of digital print. Yet, all three also show a tendency to use the expanded typographic possibilities of digital technology to reinforce narrative and textual meaning, rather than to disrupt the workings of language or book traditions.

C&EN talks with Jeremy Berg, editor in chief of the Science journals

Much has changed about publishing since Jeremy Berg wrote his first research paper as a Stanford University undergraduate in the 1970s. Back then, he and his colleagues submitted manuscripts by postal mail. They hired artists to help draw figures because desktop publishing software wasn’t available for do-it-yourself graphics. And they waited months for mailed responses from referees. “I learned a fair bit about the process of publishing at that point, for good and for bad,” Berg remembers. He could never have guessed that 40 years later he would be editor in chief of Science, one of the U.S. journals most sought out by authors. Berg took the helm at Science and its five sister journals published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in July 2016. Having lived through major changes in publishing as a scientist, Berg is now charged with leading those journals as they address

CONDENZA:A System for Extracting Abstract from a Given Source Document

Despite the increasingly availability of documents in electronic form and the availability of desktop publishing software, abstracts continue to be produced manually. The purpose of CONDENZA is to develop a system for abstract extraction from a given source document. CONDENZA describes a system on automatic methods of obtaining abstracts. The rationale of abstracts is to facilitate quick and accurate identification of the topic of published papers. The idea is to save a prospective reader time and effort in finding useful information in a given article or report. The system generates a shorter version of a given sentence while attempting to preserve its meaning. This task is carried out using summarization techniques. CONDENZA implements a method that combines apriori algorithm for keyword frequency detection with clustering based approach for grouping similar sentences together. The result from the system shows that our approach helps in summarizing the text documents efficiently by avoiding redundancy among the words in the document and ensures highest relevance to the input text. The guiding factors of our results are the ratio of input to output sentences after summarization.

Curbing Cheque Frauds: A Study of Indian Banking Sector

The widespread use of the cheques and their ease of access make the cheques very popular among the public. The indefatigable popularity of the cheques accompanied by readily available desktop publishing software has given an upset increase in the cheque frauds. In addition to cheque frauds, different types of banking frauds are seen across the globe and cheque fraud is one among them. The fraudsters are acting like the termites, which weaken the foundation of the nation. The fraudsters are becoming smart and very intelligent; they staggered the world by using the new and advanced modusoperandi. Non-adherence of the banking procedures, advancement of technology and the ease of access plays the lead role in the enhancement of the volume of cheque frauds. This research paper is devoted toward the identifying the methodologies adopted by the fraudsters to tune banks specifically cheque fraud modusoperandi in the banking sector of India. The case study methodology has been used to accomplish the objective of the study. These findings of the study suggest that improving the security features of the cheque and the training programs for improving the skills of the banking staff will be required to minimise the banking frauds along with the individual precautionary measures.

CONDENZA: A System for Extracting Abstract from a Given Source Document

Despite the increasingly availability of documents in electronic form and the availability of desktop publishing software, abstracts continue to be produced manually. The purpose of CONDENZA is to develop a system for abstract extraction from a given source document. CONDENZA describes a system on automatic methods of obtaining abstracts. The rationale of abstracts is to facilitate quick and accurate identification of the topic of published papers. The idea is to save a prospective reader time and effort in finding useful information in a given article or report. The system generates a shorter version of a given sentence while attempting to preserve its meaning. This task is carried out using summarization techniques. CONDENZA implements a method that combines apriori algorithm for keyword frequency detection with clustering based approach for grouping similar sentences together. The result from the system shows that our approach helps in summarizing the text documents efficiently by avoiding redundancy among the words in the document and ensures highest relevance to the input text. The guiding factors of our results are the ratio of input to output sentences after summarization.

Traduco: A collaborative web-based CAT environment for the interpretation and translation of texts

Traduco is a web-based collaborative tool aimed at supporting the translation of texts that pose particular challenging interpretative issues. Nowadays, Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools are mainly applied to the translation of technical manuals or legislative texts and are aimed at speeding up the translation process. Traduco extends most of the standard components of a traditional CAT tool with specific features necessary to support the interpretation and translation of complex texts (like the Babylonian Talmud, that we here present as a case study), which pose particular comprehension issues. Traduco goes beyond the translation and its printing: it includes features for the addition of notes and annotations and the creation of glossaries. Translators, editors, supervisors, and end-users accessing Traduco are able to use components that can ease the translation process through the use of CAT technologies, the supervision and managing of the whole process of translation and publishing, the exporting of translations and notes in standard formats for desktop publishing software and TEI format, and, soon, the possibility to perform automatic linguistic analysis of the text. Moreover, Traduco allows the users to insert notes, comments, annotations, and bibliographical references. The design and development of Traduco required the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach, leveraging on advances in software engineering, computational linguistics, knowledge engineering, and publishing.

The impact of digital dissemination for research and scholarship.

The impact of digital dissemination for research and scholarship.

From little things: How it all started

When Stephen Lock retired from editing the British Medical Journal in 1991 after a quarter of a century with the journal, I was just in my third year of editing Emergency Medicine Australasia (or Emergency Medicine as it was then). I remember thinking how long that period of Lock’s journal editing was, and realising how diametrically opposed were the requirements of being an emergency physician (rapid decision-making, short concentrated attention span, time periods measured in minutes to hours) and those of a journal editor (strategic long-range planning, judgements considered over months to years and time periods measured in years to decades). I was an unabashed fan of Stephen’s and of his successor Richard Smith, and the wonderful, eclectic, human medical journal they put together over all those years. Balancing journalism and science became their journal’s hallmark, presenting a human and sometimes humorous face to medicine, ensuring that art, music, history and personal reflection were given equal stand

Exotic Animal Formulary, Fourth Edition

This is the fourth edition of Dr. Carpenter’s excellent desktop reference for the treatment and care of ‘‘exotic’’ animals. The species covered are only exotic in the sense that they were historically different than the traditional production and companion animals. Many of the species covered would be considered quite common today. Twenty-three veterinarians contributed to the formulary. The book is divided into 13 chapters plus 11 ‘‘selected’’ appendices. The chapters include: invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, the marsupial sugar gliders, hedgehogs, rodents, rabbits, ferrets, miniature pigs, primates, and wildlife. The appendices primarily address general information applicable to most of the preceding chapters. Examples include classification of selected antimicrobials used in exotic animal medicine; determining the basal metabolic rate of animals; allometric scaling of drugs used in animals; and common weight, liquid measure, and length conversions. The book is written primarily for zoo and clinical veterinarians, but it could be useful for wildlife veterinarians dealing with captive animals. The wildlife chapter is fairly brief, focusing on wildlife rehabilitation. Each chapter is subdivided into antimicrobial agents, antifungal agents, antiparasitic agents, chemical restraint/anesthetic agents, analgesic agents, and tables on hematologic and serum biochemical values. Some chapters include additional information on hormones, steroids, nutrition, or other topics of value. Each subcategory consists of three columns: chemical agent, dosage, and comments. The chemical agents are listed alphabetically often with the trade name in parentheses. There usually are several dosages for each agent reflecting different routes of administration, conditions, or species. Many dosages are linked to the source reference. Effective use of the formulary requires an initial differential diagnosis. One then uses the subcategory to find the agent specific for the treatment of the condition. The appendices provide information on antimicrobial efficacies against selected microbes and the treatment of urinary tract infections, skin infections, and other common conditions. Only the chapter on amphibians provided differential diagnoses by predominant signs, a feature that would have been useful for all chapters. The index is only four pages long, yet there are hundreds to thousands of agents, conditions, and species mentioned in the text. Comparable formularies have far more extensive indices. Perhaps all these terms would be overwhelming to index, but modern desktop publishing software greatly simplifies this task. Most users would start with the index if they know the condition. For example, pasteurellosis is neither listed individually, nor even as a condition under ‘‘Rabbits.’’ Nonetheless, there is no comparable formulary on the market for these species and the wealth of information easily justifies the modest price. Carpenter’s formulary is a must for veterinarians and others dealing with these species.

Electronic Documents in a Print World: Grey Literature and the Internet

Reports and documents from government and other organisations have existed for centuries, but in the post-war period their production increased significantly. Computers, databases, desktop publishing software and the internet have revolutionised the ways documents can be produced and disseminated, allowing individuals, groups and organisations access to a whole new world of information. The result has been an explosion in online publishing that has transformed scholarly communication. Research reports – or grey literature as they are also known – are now an essential part of many disciplines, including science and technology, health, environmental science and many areas of public policy. While access to these reports has become easier in many respects, online publishing presents many challenges as well, particularly for collecting organisations faced with the task of adapting their systems. The management of grey literature raises many issues that are still not resolved today. This article provides some background to these ongoing challenges in Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Europe.

Is Homework Working?

BY NOW, I've grown familiar with the prelude. have a teacher question for you, my friend asks me on a fairly routine basis. Invariably, there is a parent/teacher meeting pending, and she fears it might get ugly. Her son has gotten another less-than-stellar grade on a homework assignment that ate an entire weekend and required the assistance of two adults with advanced degrees. The latest assignment is just one of many that have taken their toll on my friend's family. In fact, she attributes the case of shingles she developed last year to a Welcome to the New World brochure that had to be typed and tri-folded (no cutting and pasting allowed). Despite repeated efforts to learn the intricacies of desktop publishing software, she and her son were unable to master the formatting. At 11:30 p.m., they admitted defeat and decided to submit the information typed, but paragraph form, bracing themselves for the hit. Surprisingly, they still couldn't make this assignment go away. Deemed unacceptable by the teacher, it was handed back to the student, who was forced to outsource it to yet another adult. Contemplating her case for the fateful meeting, my friend wonders aloud, Am I being unreasonable? In the depth of her sighs, I hear both outrage and defeat. As a special teacher (now termed consultant teacher), I do not routinely dole out but I collaborate with my colleagues (the general education teachers) to facilitate, and evaluate instruction that is fair and appropriate for the students question. Regardless of the assignment, I can ask my colleagues: What is the curricular goal? What is it you want them to know and understand? If the goal is to demonstrate an understanding of the reasons why immigrants came to America, then how that understanding is assessed can take myriad forms. A brochure? Sure! But designing the brochure should not become more important than the point of the brochure, as seemed to be the case with my friend's son. For many teachers reading this, that idea does not come as a revelation. Many of us have received enough hours of professional development to earn another degree: asking essential questions, adhering to backwards design, and focusing on process over product are all part of our repertoire. We get it already. Or do we? The more conversations I have with friends and relatives who are panicked and confused over the homework that their children receive (and are incapable of completing on their own), the more outraged I become. As a new parent, I wonder what position I'll take when my own daughter has a doozy of an assignment. Do I let her tackle it independently, even if it means she will stumble occasionally? Or will I succumb to the pressure of ensuring that she gets good grades, even if those grades scarcely reflect any real understanding? The heart of the matter is this: Is this a parenting issue, or a school policy issue? In my own experience, my father, a veteran teacher, never once hovered over me as I did my homework (that is, when I did it). Admittedly, I was not always as dutiful and tenacious about it as he would have liked, but that was my work, and the grades were reflective of my output, not his. (I think it may have been the best parenting lesson I could have received.) And what about those students who will not get help with their homework, simply because the adults at home are unable or unwilling to help? Should those students be penalized for a home environment that doesn't enforce--or, more accurately, ensure--that their grades stay in the black? If the responsibility rests with the source, would that be the school or the individual teacher? After all, homework is generally assigned and graded at the discretion of each teacher. In that regard, I still defer to the advice my father gave me when I was baffled over assigning and grading homework during my first year of teaching: Homework should be independent practice, he said. …

Revealing Errors

Revealing Errors

The Publishing Business: Desktop Publishing Software

The Publishing Business: Desktop Publishing Software

The Economics of Electronic Journals

High print journal subscription costs, access to desktop publishing software, and awareness of Internet capability are among several reasons that interest in the electronic publishing of scholarly journals is increasing rapidly. The economic considerations of electronic publishing are not as familiar, however, although the fingertip accessibility of electronic journals, and in some cases, the lack of subscription charges gives the impression that electronic journal publishing is a much less costly means of publishing. Such an impression receives qualified confirmation in this article as an overview of the costs of scholarly publishing is provided, and the costs of print and electronic journals are compared. Also addressed are ways to recover costs of publishing electronic journals, and predictions for the future of such journals.