Desktop Delivery Research Articles

The Cognitive Load of Learning Anatomy in a Virtual World

IntroductionCognitive load refers to the amount of working memory that is being used in a task, like memorizing the anatomical landmarks on distinct boney specimens. Critically, cognitive load may be compromised when the load imposed by the environment and the content to be learned together exceeds a student’s capacity. Previous research shows that stereoscopic materials delivered in virtual reality (VR) can be more mentally taxing compared to desktop (i.e., two dimensional) delivery but may be similar to that encountered in real life. There is no data on the cognitive load of autostereoscopic displays. Given the increased reliance upon digital media for teaching in learning in anatomy classrooms, it is prudent to better understand the cognitive load imposed on learners across a variety of modalities employed.MethodsCognitive load will be compared across three different learning modalities: immersive virtual reality (VR, displayed on the Oculus Quest 2TM), autostereoscopic (displayed on the AlioscopyTM screen), and an identical printed, physical model. During a four‐minute learning phase, undergraduate students, with no prior formal anatomy education, will learn 10 anatomical landmarks on a displayed bony model (calcaneus, zygomatic bone, or hemipelvis) in each of the three modalities. A Stroop test will be administered as a secondary task throughout the learning phase to evaluate cognitive load. Stroop test reaction time, and accuracy of the participants' responses to the Stroop test will be recorded. After the learning phase, an untimed, recognition‐based test will be administered wherein participants will be asked to recall the ten landmarks learned with the aid of a 3D‐printed bone identical to the one used in the learning phase. Performance will be evaluated based on landmarks correctly identified and the results will be correlated with cognitive load measured in each learning modality.ResultsWe hypothesize that the cognitive load will be highest for VR when compared to the cognitive load on the AlioscopyTM and physical model modalities which would manifest as lower reaction times and/or accuracy on the Stroop test. Further, we hypothesize that cognitive load will inversely correlate with the recognition test performance.ConclusionThe results of this study will allow educators and students to make informed decisions when deciding which learning modalities should be used for anatomy education or any other education that requires nominative learning on complex objects. Understanding which modalities minimize cognitive load and improve learning will help improve outcomes and allow for more efficient anatomical education.

Virtual reality for surgical training and preoperative planning

Introduction/backgroundCardiac surgery and patient management in both adult and paediatric patients, frequently require an understanding of patient‐specific anatomy. In adults for example, the diagnosis and assessment of mitral valve (MV) disease requires a comprehensive knowledge of MV anatomy. Similarly, congenital heart disease (CHD) is complex and requires understanding the patient‐specific anomalous heart. Patient‐specific three‐dimensional (3D) models are invaluable tools for this surgical planning. The maturity and accessibility of 3D print, and its presentation using virtual and augmented reality hardware and software provides an unique opportunity to transform surgical training and preoperative planning by providing the clinician with a embodied authentic experience in which to problem‐solve and plan procedures.Aim/objectivesThis study aimed at compare the effectiveness of three different 3D modalities (3D‐print, and 3D‐VR headset and desktop delivery) for preoperative planning and management; and to survey clinicians on the likelihood that they would use such technology for clinical management.MethodsA prototype for 3D modelling and printing of the both the adult and paediatric heart was developed. The prototype was validated by assessing its precision and then validating its use in clinical practice by developing patient‐specific 3D printed models of patients with mitral valve or congenital heart disease, in order to assess their usefulness and accuracy in preoperative planning, desktop‐VR, and immersive‐VR (for Oculus Rift headsets) were created for the patient imaging datasets. Cardiac professionals were invited to experience these technologies, and were then surveyed to compare the usefulness of the embodied experience for surgical planning and patient management.ResultsQuantitative analysis of the 3D virtual reconstructed hearts demonstrated that adult and paediatric patient specific models could be reconstructed with sub‐millimetre precision, with no statistically significant difference between print methods (p=0.317). 3D printed models are considered a useful tool in preoperative planning by clinicians, particularly those printed in a flexible material. All survey participants found the embodied experience useful and most were likely to use patient‐specific 3D immersive VR models for preoperative planning, followed by a 3D desktop VR and a 3D printed model.DiscussionWhile clinicians indicated that they were likely to use 3D VR, younger health professionals demonstrated greater comfort and confidence with using this novel technology. 3D VR presents an interesting modality for patient management and may potentially be useful for public education.ConclusionsIn conclusion, imaging data with sufficient contrast can be used for 3D modelling and 3D immersive VR technology has great potential in future personalised medicine.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Adaptive Desktop Delivery Scheme for Provisioning Quality of Experience in Cloud Desktop as a Service

Adaptive Desktop Delivery Scheme for Provisioning Quality of Experience in Cloud Desktop as a Service

Highly Available XenApp Cloud

In Cloud computing, application and desktop delivery are the two emerging technologies that has reduced application and desktop computing costs and provided greater IT and user flexibility compared to traditional application and desktop management models. Among the various SaaS technologies, XenApp that allow numerous end users to connect to their corporate applications from any device. XenApp enables organizations to improve application management by centralizing applications in the datacenter to reduce costs, controlling and encrypting access to data and applications to improve security and delivering applications instantly to users anywhere by remotely accessing or streaming. As per old architecture we were using the oracle or MS-SQL in the backend of XenApp on Windows Server itself. But as we know for this we have to pay for database especially because we are not using it for any other purpose. And as we know windows is GUI based so running database over it consumes much more resources. So, it can lead to single point of failure. For this, this paper proposes a scheme for removing this problem by using the HA failover cluster based SQL server (mysql or Oracle) which will run over Linux box having concept of VIP (Virtual IP).

Building projects: redefining hospital libraries

Just what is a library these days? With the shift from print to electronic resources, librarians the world over have been given the opportunity to reenvision their libraries' appearances, structural needs, and purposes. As Frieda O. Weise, FMLA, stated in her Janet Doe Lecture given at the 103rd annual Medical Library Association meeting, “The physical library can and does convey its mission. Libraries are today, and have been for the last century, certainly more than storehouses; they are service organizations that embody the mission and vision of their institutions” [1]. Is this still true? The Welch Medical Library at the Johns Hopkins University Medical Center was scheduled to close its physical building December 31, 2011. When students and faculty recognized this pending change, the university administration appointed a task force to further review the need for the building to remain as a place of browsing and study [2]. When the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library at the University of Utah closed in December 2009 for nine months for a remodel of its ceiling, the School of Medicine received numerous student concerns and consequently, built a temporary study place. So while our users want desktop delivery of information, they still want “a place” to go to for reflection and to concentrate their focus on learning. The focus of this first column is hospital library projects that are illustrative of the dramatic changes that are taking place as these libraries are transformed from traditional models to dynamic environments, responding to the needs of their users and institutions. Future columns, to be published on an annual basis, will feature new libraries as well as those that have recently undergone additions or remodels of existing space and new space assignments for specific purposes in libraries. The building project columns will each have a type of library or purpose as its theme. Future columns will cover: projects in libraries of a particular type (hospital, academic, consumer health, pharmaceutical companies, associations, special, etc.) projects centered on particular improvements (energy efficiency, sustainability, fire protection, mechanical, electrical, lighting, landscaping, etc.) projects to improve special spaces (history of medicine, galleries, testing centers, classrooms, Clinical and Translational Science Award centers, cafes, compact shelving installations, study areas, new furnishings, staff areas, information commons, technology and multimedia laboratories, offices, meeting spaces, exhibits, student headquarters, etc.) To accompany these annual columns, a new website, Library Construction and Renovation is being created for sharing information about various aspects of renovations and building construction. In addition, a comprehensive survey of building projects will be conducted, updating the one published in the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) in 2010 [3]. A database of these projects will be created and made available via the new construction website. As Weise challenged us during her Janet Doe Lecture, “I believe it is the responsibility of librarians to guide the design of the library; we must advocate strongly the role for the library beyond the ‘storage facility’ and even the ‘access facility,’ and focus attention on the many other place-centered activities and services that the library can support” [1]. Please consider sharing your building guidance and experiences, lessons learned, plans, and achievements with your colleagues!

Utility-directed resource allocation in virtual desktop clouds

User communities are rapidly transitioning their “traditional desktops” that have dedicated hardware and software installations into “virtual desktop clouds” (VDCs) that are accessible via thin-clients. To allocate and manage VDC resources for Internet-scale desktop delivery, existing works focus mainly on managing server-side resources based on utility functions of CPU and memory loads, and do not consider network health and thin-client user experience. Resource allocations without combined utility-directed information of system loads, network health and thin-client user experience in VDC platforms inevitably results in costly guesswork and over-provisioning of resources. In this paper, we develop an analytical model viz., “Utility-Directed Resource Allocation Model (U-RAM)” to solve the combined utility-directed resource allocation problem within VDCs. Our solution involves an iterative algorithm that leverages utility functions of system, network and human components obtained using a novel virtual desktop performance benchmarking toolkit viz., “VDBench” that we developed. The combined utility functions are used to direct decision schemes based on Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions for creating user desktop pools and determining optimal resource allocation size/location. We deploy VDBench in a VDC testbed featuring: (a) popular user applications (Spreadsheet Calculator, Internet Browser, Media Player, Interactive Visualization), and (b) TCP/UDP based thin-client protocols (RDP, RGS, PCoIP) under a variety of user load and network health conditions. Simulation results based on the utility functions obtained from the testbed demonstrate that our solution maximizes VDC scalability i.e., ‘VDs per core density’, and ‘user connections quantity’, while delivering satisfactory thin-client user experience.

Expanding services in a shrinking economy: desktop document delivery in a dental school library

How can library staff develop and promote a document delivery service and then expand the service to a wide audience? The setting is the library at the Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis. A faculty survey and a citation analysis were conducted to determine potential use of the service. Volume of interlibrary loan transactions and staff and equipment capacity were also studied. IUSD Library staff created a desktop delivery service (DDSXpress) for faculty and then expanded the service to practicing dental professionals and graduate students. The number of faculty using DDSXpress remains consistent. The number of practicing dental professionals using the service is low. Graduate students have been quick to adopt the service. Through careful analysis of capacity and need for the service, staff successfully expanded document delivery service without incurring additional costs. Use of DDSXpress is continually monitored, and opportunities to market the service to practicing dental professionals are being investigated.

Consortia of Electronic Journals among Veterinary College Libraries in India: A Model

The present approach towards partnership, networking, consortia and resource sharing adopted by Indian libraries need radical changes to evolve responsive partnerships in order to achieve best performance in service. The current practices of journal acquisition in most of the veterinary college libraries in India are print based; in which each library is an island with regard to access of information. Moreover, there is wide disparity in the availability and use of information among different universities and colleges. But, consortia based acquisition and electronic desktop delivery of information can eliminate this gulf and increase the access and use considerably. This paper depicts the benefits of library consortia, analyses the present trend in the formation of consortia in India and suggests a new model of library consortia in which all veterinary college libraries could participate. The formation of such an unique consortia under the direction and full support by the ICAR, New Delhi is stressed. This paper proposes to form consortia of veterinary college libraries in India. Also discusses major consortia initiatives of India, elements of resource consortia and proposed model of consortia. To develop these libraries and to put in to more use at maximum extent there is a need of resources consortia of e-journals for the academic benefit.

New Support for the Research Process: Desktop Delivery of Microform Content

While trying to access microform content, patrons at the Christopher Center for Library and Information Resources at Valparaiso University were often hampered by unfamiliar equipment, temperamental software, and a puzzling file management system. In an effort to address these problems, the Access Services Department launched a pilot program for the electronic delivery of microform content. It was decided to discontinue the self-service model and design a system in which patrons could request specific items from the microform collection, which would then be retrieved and scanned by the staff and made available electronically through the interlibrary loan client. After describing the problems a typical user might encounter with the existing system, the author explains the solution piloted by the library, outlines the policies and procedures, reviews the outcomes, and finally draws attention to the considerable potential of such a service.

CTO Roundtable: Virtualization Part II

Last month we published Part I of a CTO Roundtable forum on virtualization. Sponsored by the ACM Professions Board, the roundtable features five experts on virtualization discussing the current state of the technology and how companies can use it most effectively. In this second and final installment, the participants address key issues such as choosing the most appropriate virtual machine platform, using virtualization to streamline desktop delivery, and using virtualization as an effective disaster-recovery mechanism.

CTO Roundtable: Virtualization Part I

The topic of this forum is virtualization. When investing in virtualization technologies, IT managers need to know what is considered standard practice and what is considered too leading edge and risky for near-term deployment. For this forum we’ve assembled several leading experts on virtualization to discuss what those best practices should be. While the participants might not always agree with each other, we hope their insights will help IT managers navigate the virtualization landscape and make informed decisions on how best to use the technology. Next month we will present part two of this forum, discussing such topics as clouds and virtualization, using virtualization to streamline desktop delivery, and how to choose appropriate virtual-machine platforms and management tools.

Desktop Delivery of Printed Materials at Auburn University

In 2000, Auburn University Libraries implemented a new service, named AUBIExpress, to provide desktop delivery of print materials held at its three campus libraries. AUBIExpress provides electronic PDF copies of articles and book chapters from print resources located at Draughon Library (the main campus library), the Library of Architecture, Design and Construction, and the Veterinary Medical Library. The service is available, free, to Auburn University faculty, staff, graduate students, persons with disabilities and distance education students. There is a maximum request limit of five items per person per day and an item size limit of 50 pages. Requests, submitted through an online form, are usually processed within 2-4 business days.

Providing Free Document Delivery Services to a Campus of 48,000 Library Users

In June 2002, the Texas A&M University Libraries implemented a new electronic document delivery service called deliverEdocs. The service uses ILLiad software. We began to offer free desktop delivery of any article, book chapters up to 50 pages (even those found on our own Libraries' shelves), to our entire campus. The service is well appreciated by our users. This paper reveals the initial reactions of the staff members in face of the challenge, discusses the resources needed to provide such a high profile service, details the workflow of the operation, shares the positive comments from the patrons, and illustrates the five key factors to the success of this service.

Selecting Electronic Document Delivery Options to Provide Quality Service

Providing electronic document delivery (EDD) services to off-campus students can be a challenge. Methods of delivery that work well for one group of users might not work at all for another group. Knowing and using the different EDD service options to accomplish the goal of providing quality service to students results in a win-win situation. Student expectations of timely delivery of material are met and the department develops a reputation of dependable quality service. Library users have raised expectations from the 24/7 services available through the World Wide Web. Providing EDD of information to the researcher's desktop helps the library meet these needs and expectations. However, the options for desktop delivery can also be overwhelming, so knowing how and why different software and delivery methods work enables the practitioner to control the outcome of the transaction. This control over the service also ensures that quality service expectations are met by the library since the practitioner has the ability to use a variety of delivery options to the user's desktop.

Customer Satisfaction with Interlibrary Loan Service—deliverEdocs

In 2002, the Texas A&M University Libraries implemented a new electronic document delivery service called deliverEdocs. The service uses Illiad software. We began to offer free desktop delivery of any article, even those found on our own Libraries' shelves. This was a new concept for the library staff and for our users. While we received many comments from our users, we also needed an objective method to fully evaluate the new service. A customer satisfaction survey was developed to gain a better understanding of users' responses to deliverEdocs. The survey was sent in February 2003 to 400 registered users, and had a response rate of 54%. Among the areas surveyed were factors of users' satisfaction, users' expectation of turnaround time, change in order activity since deliverEdocs, users' preferred means of communication with interlibrary loan staff, and areas for improvement. The results of the survey gave us valuable feedback. The survey proved that users truly appreciated the new service.

CISTI extends Secure Desktop Delivery to its entire journal collection

CISTI extends Secure Desktop Delivery to its entire journal collection

Electronic Document Delivery of Journal Articles

In 2001-02, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA) Library tested and implemented secure Web ordering and delivery of journal articles, using Prospero for interlibrary loan, photocopy service, Circuit Librarian service, and document delivery between library branches. The goal was to deliver photocopied and interlibrary loan journal articles faster than campus mail, U.S. mail, or the courier service. In December 2001, eight staff began delivering articles electronically to one remote site as part of the Library Electronic Article Delivery (LEAD) pilot project. Electronic desktop delivery has since expanded to serve two branch libraries and UTHSCSA, San Antonio, and South Texas healthcare professionals. By reviewing the basis and describing the three phase pilot project, the author hopes to articulate the implementation of a new electronic service in a medical library.

A Web‐based document delivery system for scientific information management in Italian research libraries

A high priority in many libraries is providing users with rapid online searching and requesting of journal articles, with desktop delivery options to view full‐text versions on‐screen, or to download and print “just‐when‐you‐like”. The topic of Web‐based document delivery service is presently being investigated across disciplines, often with a strong technological emphasis. The present article takes a managerial and organizational approach by placing the document delivery service in the context of the Italian research libraries (IRL), and focusing on opinions of the librarians concerning the document delivery developments with Web‐based technology. The focus of this paper is also a description and maintenance of the Internet delivery system (IDS) project and it examines organizational and individual approaches to librarian assignment.

3D: The Paperless Document Delivery Project at the Prior Health Sciences Library

ABSTRACT This article describes the investigation, pilot test, and results of implementing electronic document delivery in a paperless processing environment at The Ohio State University. The Prior Health Sciences Library Document Delivery Unit conducted a twelve-month pilot test from September 1999 to August 2000 to determine the best method for desktop document delivery and the paperless processing of requests. Participants completed a survey and provided insightful feedback on the request form and overall process. Special programming was required to implement desktop delivery and manage client requests. The result of desktop delivery was successful. The results of paperless processing were mixed. Future possibilities to complete the “paperless” environment are suggested.

The Magic of Prospero

ABSTRACT As technology advances and patrons' demands for timely access to information increase, librarians seek new methods for improving document delivery and interlibrary loan services. This paper evaluates several software packages available for full text desktop document delivery against an established set of criteria. It also addresses how two libraries, one medical and one general academic, concurrently, but independently of each other, chose Prospero for desktop delivery of both interlibrary loan and in-house documents. Prospero can help librarians meet the needs of end users for convenient electronic document delivery in different library settings. Implementation issues with Prospero are addressed and discussed.