Desirable Personality Traits Research Articles

Theory of education and pedeutology in psychological approach - the perspective of personality and socio-emotional competences of the teacher and their importance in the educational process

This article presents considerations on the significance of a teacher's personality in the educational process. The starting point was reflections on the special role of the modern teacher, and then - against the background of assumptions specific to the psychological orientation in the theory of education - the basic assumptions of classical pedeutological concepts of a teacher (J. Mirski, S. Szuman, Z. Mysłakowski, B. Nawroczyński, J. W. Dawid, M. Kreutz and S. Baley) were discussed. Particular attention was paid to the numerous references to the desired personality traits of a teacher and to the expectations formulated towards him regarding his broadly understood ability to establish positive relationships with students. Then, the results of these reflections were compared with the Big Five personality traits in terms of the Five-Factor Theory of Personality and with socio-emotional competences as a group of key competences from the perspective of building both intra- and interpersonal potential of a teacher.

Linking HEXACO Personality Traits to Affective Commitment and Knowledge Sharing Behaviour in Higher Education Institutions

This study aimed to assess the connection between HEXACO personality traits (i.e. honesty–humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and knowledge sharing behaviour (KSB) of university academic staff. Moreover, based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study aimed to examine the underlying process through which HEXACO personality traits contribute to academics’ KSB by examining mediating role of affective commitment. With a structured questionnaire survey, the data was conveniently collected from 234 full-time university faculty members employed in 20 private universities located in Bangladesh. Structural equation modelling partial least square (SEM-PLS) was utilised to analyse the research model. The results revealed that, with the exception of emotionality, all HEXACO personality traits (i.e. honesty–humility, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) have positive direct effects on academics’ KSB. The study further showed that the effects of honesty–humility, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness on KSB were significantly mediated by affective commitment. Thus, universities should focus on academics’ personality profiles to improve knowledge sharing practices within the institutions. In particular, personality test should be introduced in the selection process of university teachers to identify the candidates with desirable personality traits. The findings offer a new understanding of how HEXACO personality traits result in academics’ KSB directly as well as via affective commitment.

완벽주의의 긍정적 측면: 안전 행동 및 변화지향 조직시민행동을 견인하는 직원의 완벽주의 성향

This study examined the positive side of perfectionism and its effect on employees’ safety performance and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB-CH). For this purpose, we proposed a moderated mediation model in which feedback-seeking behavior (FSB) was theorized as a mediating mechanism underlining why workers are involved in those discretionary behaviors from their perfectionism. Moreover, each recognition and appraisal form of respect was assumed to be a relevant boundary condition to moderate such relationships. Data were collected using a field survey research design. The participants included 213 workers at construction sites and manufacturing plants, along with military personnel and firefighters, all of which are regarded as high-risk occupations in Korea. SPSS 25, AMOS 22, and PROCESS macro were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that perfectionism impacts both safety performance and OCB-CH directly and through their FSB. Meanwhile, perceived mutual recognition respect negatively moderates the relationship between perfectionism and FSB, whereas perceived appraisal respect has no moderating effect. There may be a trade-off relationship between safety and change. Through offering a perfectionism-FSB link, the results of this study provided an understanding of positive perfectionism as a desirable personality trait that potentially engenders those discretionary behaviors. We further discussed the theoretical and practical implications of the findings and identified directions for future research.

Trust-building in temporary public health partnerships: a qualitative study of the partnership formation process of a Covid-19 test, trace and protect service

BackgroundPublic health initiatives require coordinated efforts from healthcare, social services and other service providers. Organisational theory tells us that trust is essential for reaching collaborative effectiveness. This paper explores the drivers for initiating and sustaining trust in a temporary public health partnership, in response to a sudden health threat.MethodsThis qualitative study analysed the formation process of a multisector partnership for a Covid-19 contact tracing service. Data was collected through 12 interviews, two focus groups, one feedback workshop, and an online survey with workforce members from all seven partner organisations. Purposive maximum variation sampling was used to capture the reflections and experiences of workforce members from all seven partner organisations. A deductive code scheme was used to identify drivers for building and sustaining trust in inter-organisational collaboration.ResultsRelational mechanisms emanating from the commitment to the common aim, shared norms and values, and partnership structures affected trust-building. Shared values and the commitment to the common aim appeared to channel partners’ behaviour when interacting, resulting in being perceived as a fair, reliable and supportive partner. Shared values were congruent with the design of the partnership in terms of governance structure and communication lines reflecting flat hierarchies and shared decision-making power. Tensions between partner organisations arose when shared values were infringed.ConclusionsWhen managing trust in a collaboration, partners should consider structural components like governance structure, organisational hierarchy, and communication channels to ensure equal power distribution. Job rotation, recruitment of candidates with the desired personality traits and attitudes, as well as training and development, encourage inter-organisational networking among employees, which is essential for building and strengthening relationships with partner organisations. Partners should also be aware of managing relational dynamics, channelling behaviours through shared values, objectives and priorities and fostering mutual support and equality among partner organisations.

The Ability to Detect the Characteristics of the Dark Triad from Facial Composites of the Opposite Sex

Individuals often resort to a reliance on perceptions of the facial features of others as facial information is more readily accessible than stable expressions of behaviour. The ability to identify the traits of an individual from their facial features has its basis in evolution. This has been demonstrated in several studies that have focused on the detection of extroversion, friendliness, honesty, and other desirable personality traits. However, the question remains as to whether individuals also possess the ability to detect negative traits, particularly those that pose a risk to a partnership. The present study aims to investigate how accurately individuals are able to detect dark triad traits, specifically narcissism, Machiavellianism, and subclinical psychopathy, and determine if there are any differences in their assessment of the individual traits. Additionally, the study aims to investigate whether there are gender differences in the ability to detect these traits in the faces of the opposite sex, and whether the probability of the occurrence of such an ability is greater than mere chance. The research was conducted using a sample of 631 participants, 51.2% of whom were female, aged 13-80 (mean age: 36.97 years). The research used computer-generated facial composites to produce male and female faces which were either high or low in the dark triad traits. The results indicated that individuals, both male and female, were able to accurately identify the faces, to a statistically significant degree, that exhibited dark triad traits. Women achieved their best results in the detection of subclinical psychopathy in male facial composites, while men achieved their best results in the detection of Machiavellianism in female facial composites.

The Relationship between Parenting and Personality Development of Adolescents

Adolescence is known to be the pivotal stage of human life, when people construct identity and achieve autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Different parenting styles lead to specific developmental outcomes during adolescence. At this stage, personality development occurs and affects adolescents social behavior and perception, which often have lasting effects on individuals later in life. Despite parenting and personality developments significance in adolescence, limited existing studies have accounted for their interactions. This paper aims to demonstrate the relationship between parenting and the personality development of adolescents by reviewing and integrating existing research. The findings are divided into three main components: the reciprocal relationship between parenting and adolescent personality development, parenting and other factors associated with personality development, and cross-cultural differences in this relationship. The results suggested that parenting style not only directly leads to certain personality outcomes, but also interplays with adolescents personality and other problem behaviors. In addition, parental rejection and adolescent self-criticism both affect personality development through bidirectional relationships. Finally, there are cultural differences in the described relationship patterns. Overall, an authoritative parenting approach results in desirable personality traits and fewer behavioral problems. Permissive and authoritarian parenting strategies tend to lead to maladaptive personalities and performance, as well as externalizing and internalizing problems. This review can provide some guidance for furture research and practices regarding parenting styles and personality development during adolescence.

SECONDARY SCHOOL GRADUATES' LINGUISTIC AND PERSONALITY ATTRIBUTES: EFL TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVES

Secondary school graduates who pursue a university education should possess linguistic and personality attributes and other higher learning abilities. The lack of any of these traits may significantly impact students' future endeavors. This research aims to identify secondary school graduates’ attributes and their types; to discover any significant differences in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ perceptions due to gender (male/female) years of teaching experience; to discover how linguistic and personality attributes contribute to Saudi secondary school graduates’ EFL learning success. It correlates the teachers' responses based on the type of linguistic and personality attributes, gender, and years of teaching experience. Furthermore, it reviews how linguistic and personality attributes would contribute to secondary school graduates’ EFL learning success. To achieve its objectives, the study applied a descriptive-survey approach, using a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview to collect the data from 61 EFL teachers (33 male, 28 female). The results showed that EFL teachers perceived secondary school graduates as possessing study attributes (linguistic/personality) at a medium level. Significant differences were in the responses of the study sample for the type of attributes (linguistic/personality), favoring the personality attributes and based on the respondents’ years of teaching experience in favor of those with 6-10 years of experience. However, this study did not reveal significant differences in the responses of the study sample based on the respondents' gender (male/female). Based on the findings and their implications, this work asserts that the attributes influence graduates' initiative, competency, the tendency for hard work, and, most importantly, learning success. The study, through a blend of linguistic and personality attributes, enriches EFL teachers' experience in understanding linguistic attributes like correctness, fluency, grammar, reading, writing, and oral and communication skills. This research has explored clarity regarding desirable personality traits, including motivation, interpersonal skills, and the ability to work independently and in-group. Suggestions and recommendations conclude this study.

Curiosity makes your mind wander: Effects of epistemic curiosity and trait anxiety on mind wandering

This study focused on epistemic curiosity and trait anxiety as personality traits promoting the occurrence of mind wandering (MW), and examined how these traits might predict the tendency toward MW based on an individual difference approach. MW tendency was measured using a self-report questionnaire in Study 1, and thought probes during a behavioral task in Study 2, while intentional and unintentional MW were reported separately. Epistemic curiosity was measured using questionnaires that assessed diversive and specific curiosity. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Effortful Control Scale were used to measure trait anxiety and executive control, respectively. Structural equation modeling showed that diversive curiosity positively predicted both intentional and unintentional MW tendency, whereas specific curiosity did not predict either MW type. In contrast, trait anxiety was not directly related to MW tendency, but was indirectly related via executive control. Executive control negatively affected only unintentional but not intentional MW. These findings indicate that MW is based on epistemic curiosity, a socially desirable personality trait. MW can be explained as occurring when the motivation for task-unrelated thoughts is heightened, partly due to a high level of diversive curiosity, while these thoughts are either executed intentionally or not suppressed by executive control processes.

Narcissistic Personality and Its Relationship with Post-Traumatic Symptoms and Emotional Factors: Results of a Mediational Analysis Aimed at Personalizing Mental Health Treatment.

Background: Narcissism is characterized by entitlement, grandiose fantasies and the need for admiration. This personality trait has been associated with both traumatic experiences and emotional problems. Most studies have only focused on narcissism in the context of childhood trauma and negative emotional factors. However, dimensions of grandiose narcissism such as authority have been linked to adaptive outcomes. Furthermore, narcissism might not be linked only to negative childhood experiences; it may also be associated with the presence of post-traumatic symptoms. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the associations between narcissism and the frequency and severity of post-traumatic symptoms and emotional factors (resilience capacity, emotional regulation, positive and negative affect, intolerance of uncertainty and perceived stress), as well as the possible mediational role of the latter in the relationship between narcissism and post-traumatic symptoms. Method: A total of 115 healthy young psychology undergraduates and their relatives, aged from 18 to 40 years, were asked to complete a set of questionnaires to evaluate the aforementioned variables. Results: The results showed that most of the grandiose narcissism dimensions were positively related to emotional adaptive outcomes, except exploitativeness and entitlement. The negative associations observed between the frequency and severity of post-traumatic symptoms and narcissism (self-sufficiency) were mediated by affect and resilience, which were in turn positively associated with the majority of the narcissism dimensions. Both positive affect and resilience were important factors mediating the association between grandiose narcissism and post-traumatic symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings reaffirm the need to assess not only desirable personality traits, but also ones that are not initially desirable, before pathologizing them. This consideration may be essential to achieve a personalized approach to the prevention of mental health problems, and promotion of positive emotions, in the general population.

Experience in researching the identity of active internet users

The paper reflects the results of a study aimed at studying the features of the identity of the personality of active users of network mass media of young age. The research is based on the idea of modern authors that identity on the Internet is one of the aspects of real identity that arises due to the projection of stable, significant personal characteristics into the virtual world, the use of the possibilities of information and communication technologies to construct new ones, as well as the transformation of existing aspects of personal identity. To compare the aspects of the identity of the personality of active Internet users (I-virtual, I-ideal and I-real), the criteria of differentiation of existing images, the multiplicity of created Self-images, as well as the degree of fullness and development of specific aspects of identity are used. The degree of differentiation of the types of identity real and virtual-was diagnosed based on the analysis of the results of Osgoods semantic differential; the indicator of the multiplicity of Self-images presented in reality, as well as in virtual space, was measured using the Kuhn-McPartland test Who I am? and its modification Who I am online?; the variability of real personality traits in the aspect of virtual self-presentation was diagnosed by comparing the results of the individual typological questionnaire (ITO) and the method of diagnosing interpersonal relations (DMO) by L. N. Sobchik. As a result of the analysis using theoretical and empirical research methods, as well as data processing methods (descriptive statistics, graphical analysis and calculation of criteria for differences and correlation), it is proved that the identity of the personality of active Internet users is characterized by a greater multiplicity of Self-images, less differentiation of the Self-concept (the image of the virtual Self merges with the image of the real Self), as well as a pronounced tendency to variability of personal characteristics due to an increase in the severity of socially desirable personality traits and a tendency to aggravity of existing ones.

Exploring Valued Personality Traits in Practicing Veterinarians.

We examined differences in valued Big Five personality traits of small animal veterinarians between members and nonmembers of the veterinary medicine community. Between fall 2019 and spring 2020, data were collected from an online survey sent to eligible persons across a US midwestern state. Eligible persons included veterinary office clients (i.e., pet owners) and persons practicing/training in veterinary medicine. Participants completed demographic questions and 10 Likert scale items about which Big Five personality characteristics they prefer in a veterinarian. Descriptive data were determined and checked for assumptions of linearity and normality. Data for the primary analyses were analyzed using Spearman's correlations and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Participants who were members of the veterinary community of practice valued the characteristic openness more than clients but valued emotional stability less than clients. Moreover, tests revealed that young adults (aged 18-24) valued extraversion more than all other age groups but least valued agreeableness. Last, participants aged 55 and older valued agreeableness and emotional stability more than the 18-44 age groups. Findings indicate individuals from different membership and age groups have varying preferences in what personality traits they expect in a veterinarian. Clients care more about their veterinarian being able to handle adversity. Older adults want their veterinarian to be trusting and creative. These findings encourage veterinary medical education to spotlight the development of skills congruent with these desired personality traits. Gaining such skills will be useful for veterinarians who seek to grow or build lasting relationships with clientele and colleagues.

Perceived Characteristics of Life Events—Short-Term Changes in Prosociality and Empathy?

Post-traumatic growth can be understood as positive change in desirable personality traits after adverse life events. However, recent research questioned whether adversity is a relevant, necessary, and sufficient condition for change in desirable personality traits. Using five-wave longitudinal data, this study explored changes in the desirable personality traits prosociality and empathy before and after life events. We included all life events participants had experienced between the second and third assessment, that is, adverse, ambiguous, and positive events. Participants rated their life events on the Event Characteristics Questionnaire which assesses the individual perception of life events on nine continuous dimensions: challenge, emotional significance, extraordinariness, external control, impact, valence, social status change, predictability, and change in world views. We used multilevel growth curve models to explore changes in prosociality and empathy as a function of these event characteristics. Prosociality and empathy remained stable in the assessment period of 6 to 9 months after the reported life event, independently of whether the event had been perceived as adverse or not. We discuss our findings with respect to the inclusion of positive and ambiguous events as predictors of personality change and with respect to its theoretical implications for post-traumatic growth and personality development more broadly.

Personality Change Through Arts Education: A Review and Call for Further Research

Education involving active engagement in the arts, herein called arts education, is often believed to foster the development of desirable personality traits and skills in children and adolescents. Yet the impact of arts education on personality development has rarely been systematically investigated. In the current article, we reviewed the literature on personality change through arts education. We identified 36 suitable experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Evidence from these studies tentatively suggests that arts-education programs can foster personality traits such as extraversion and conscientiousness but not self-esteem. In addition, the effects of arts education appeared to be stronger in early and middle childhood than in preadolescence and early adolescence. However, the evidence for the effectiveness of arts education was very limited among the few included true experiments. Furthermore, the reviewed studies were heterogenous and subject to content-related, methodological, and statistical limitations. Thus, the current evidence base is inconclusive as to the effects of arts education on personality development. By identifying potential effects of arts education and limitations of past research, our review serves as a call for more research and guidepost for future studies on arts education and personality change.

Digital marketing jobs: What are recruiters looking for?

This research evaluates the current responsibilities, skills, and knowledge set required of digital marketing professionals. It identifies roles, qualifications, competencies, and desirable personality traits within the digital marketing environment. Our content analysis of 320 job announcements posted in 2019 and 2020 resulted in a picture of knowledge, skill, and qualification sets sought from prospective digital marketing professionals. Technological advances increasingly demand knowledge related to soft and technical skills. The results of this study provide insight into the current and ideal future curriculum design of digital marketing programs.

What makes a good teacher?

Being a teacher in contemporary society is becoming more and more challenging. Social expectations of teachers are constantly growing. Therefore, teachers strive to improve their characteristics and competencies. In that respect, it is important to know which personality traits and competencies society expects from a good teacher. Guided by that, this paper aims to comprehensively present a good teacher, considering his or her desirable personality traits, professional competencies and perceptions of participants in the educational process. The results of the review of relevant literature and previous research indicate that a good teacher shows a combination of personality traits such as humanity, wisdom, prudence, perseverance, etc. and competencies such as achieving positive relationships with students, successful classroom management, recognizing the importance of motivation and others.Finally, a good teacher is a combination of desirable personality traits and permanent professional growth. Therefore, this research can contribute to the practice of creating professional development and teacher education programs.

Integrating yoga with education in the modern schooling system

The aim of this paper is to make a case for integrating yoga with education in the modern schooling system and to propose a theoretical model based on a synthesis of ancient knowledge and modern research. The paper is based on literature review of child and adolescent mental health, case for character education, case for school-based yoga intervention, ancient texts of yoga, and modern research on benefit outcomes of yoga. A comprehensive understanding of yogic principles from ancient texts and outcome benefits from modern research has gone into the development of a theoretical model of yoga in education. There is a large body of research evidence, suggesting that yoga in education can aid the development of physiological well-being, cognitive efficacy, emotional control, and desirable personality traits. Ancient literature on yoga provides its underlying principles, sequence of practices, and their interconnectedness. The theoretical model is based on the eight limbs of yoga derived from ancient literature. Modern research provides the evidence of benefits. The benefits show that yoga may aid in the development of the whole child, character building, social-emotional learning training, and developing the power of concentration. These findings make a compelling case for the inclusion of yoga in the school curricula. Most researches into school-based yoga have varying degrees of rigor in methodology and are based on short periods of interventions. If yoga in education is widely implemented, it will provide an opportunity for more methodologically rigorous research as well as longitudinal studies. This will help to both improve the school-based yoga programs and build more solid evidence of its efficacy. This paper is unique because it juxtaposes the process-based ancient knowledge and outcome-based modern research. This allows for a more comprehensive theoretical model of yoga in education.

Цель семейного воспитания: взгляд современных родителей

The paper explores the views of modern parents on the goals of family education. It discusses the data of a survey conducted of 108 parents of different age groups (from 20 to 60 years old). The parents answered questions about the goal of family education and personality traits they find necessary to develop in their children. The obtained data show that parents tend to prioritise morality both as a target indicator and a desirable personality trait of their children. Another priority is the child’s well-being. It is viewed both as a desirable educational outcome and a necessary prerequisite for achieving the family’s educational goals. The study revealed that parents of different age groups approach the goals of family education differently. Below are the most popular traits that most parents strive to educate in their children: kindness, responsibility, honesty, determination, and independence. In total, the parents mentioned 93 qualities in different combinations. All the given qualities have been analyzed using the Five Factors Model. The study identified the traits favoured by parents from different age groups. It was found that the parents from older age groups focus on ‘self-control’, while the parents of the youngest age group focus on ‘attachment (cooperation)’.

Body-representation and sexual identity projections: A survey of advertising in print media

Matrimonial advertisements provide an unobtrusive site where the image, construction and perpetuation of normative heterosexuality are observed through socio-cultural discourses. The current study focuses on self-representation and gender role expectations in 550 classified matrimonial ads from two popular newspapers (The Daily Dawn, The Daily Jang) in Pakistan. Gender differences in desirable physical attributes, occupational preferences and personality traits are examined. The results revealed that gender polarization in ideal spousal occupations, and the relative variability in gender identities of women as compared to men. A strong preference for pretty and slim women is observed. Implications for the sexual objectification of women and changing gender roles in changing socioeconomic landscape of Pakistan is due to the impact of globalization.

Getting some of that personality: There is an app for that!

AbstractWhen brands communicate with consumers via interactive medium such as smartphone apps, how do they influence consumers' self‐concepts? This study investigates the effect of branded smartphone app usage on consumer self‐perceptions of personality traits. Our approach relies on a longitudinal experimental design in which self‐perceptions of personality traits are measured at the beginning and at the end of a 4‐week period. During the study period, in the treatment condition consumers use a branded app while in the control condition they used an unbranded app. Brand engagement in the self‐concept and lay theory beliefs (incremental vs. entity) are the measured mediator and moderator, respectively. Branded smartphone app usage alone is enough to lead consumers to update their personality self‐perceptions in line with the personality of the brand. The brand's highly salient and desirable personality trait rubs‐off entity theorists' self‐perceptions by strengthening personality signaling to the self. However, the brand's low saliency and undesirable personality trait fades away from incremental theorists' self‐perceptions without serving as a personality signal to the self. The findings have direct implications for marketers attempting to use branded smartphone apps to influence self‐brand relationships. This paper extends knowledge of how branded apps influence consumers' self‐perceptions of personality. It differentiates the mechanisms through which these effects occur for consumers who have different lay beliefs (i.e., incremental vs. entity) as well as for brands' personality traits with varying levels of saliency and desirability.

Desired personality traits in politicians: Similar to me but more of a leader

What makes voters prefer a certain type of politician? First, we argue that voters’ trait preferences follow a “desired leadership” principle. We show that citizens want the ideal-type politician to be more emotionally stable, extravert-assertive, more deliberate-conscientious and open, more honest, but also somewhat more disagreeable than the average citizen. Second, we argue that voters prefer a model candidate with similar basic value-related personality traits. Importantly, we show that trait congruence is partly mediated by core ideological preferences and thus ensures democratic representation. The study’s findings have implications for personalization of politics and democratic representation, because personality traits can be vital cues for voters deciding whether candidates will act in their interest and represent them well.