Desire For Results Research Articles

Modelling framework to evaluate societal effects of ecosystem management

The ecosystem effects of different management options can be predicted through models that simulate the ecosystem functioning under different management scenarios. Optimal management strategies are searched by simulating different management (and other, such as climate) scenarios and finding the management measures that produce desirable results. The desirability of results is often defined through the attainment of policy objectives such as good environmental/ecological status. However, this often does not account for societal consequences of the environmental status even though the consequences can be different for different stakeholder groups. In this work we introduce a method to evaluate management alternatives in the light of the experiential value of stakeholder groups, using a case study in the Baltic Sea. We use an Ecopath with Ecosim model to simulate the ecosystem responses to management and climate scenarios, and the results are judged based on objectives defined based on a stakeholder questionnaire on what aspects of the ecosystem they value or detest. The ecosystem responses and the stakeholder values are combined in a Bayesian decision support model to illustrate which management options bring the highest benefits to stakeholders, and whether different stakeholder groups benefit from different management choices. In the case study, the more moderate climate scenario and strict fisheries and nutrient loading management brought the highest benefits to all stakeholders. The method can be used to evaluate and compare the effects of different management alternatives to various stakeholder groups, if their preferences are known.

ВПЛИВ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ НА КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ГОТЕЛЬНО- РЕСТОРАННОГО БІЗНЕСУ

In the period of economic globalization changes, competitiveness becomes a mandatory criterion for the effective development of the market of hotel and restaurant services. In the process of competition, hotel and restaurant business (HRB) enterprises are looking for ways to satisfy consumer demand, taking into account the optimal use of resources. Determining the optimal algorithm for building management processes of a strategic and operational nature is currently one of the most urgent and complex business problems for the facilities of the hospitality business. The stabilization of the favorable competitive position of organizational units will depend on the timeliness and clarity of the solution to this issue. Therefore, having economic independence and being fully responsible for the results of their economic activity, hotel and restaurant structures should form management systems that would be able to act as a guarantor of high efficiency, competitiveness, as well as a stable position on the market of hospitality services. Competitiveness in modern market conditions must be considered both from the point of view of the consumer and the enterprise itself, therefore, management activity is an important stage of increasing the competitiveness of the firm. First of all, it manifests itself in the organizational structure that is built at this enterprise, the location of management personnel by levels and management links, the distribution of work and management methods. The quality of managerial decision-making is determined by the level of professional skill of the managers of the enterprise and its divisions. Therefore, today's personnel management procedure consists of a set of innovative elements created around the interaction of employees, activation of the creative potential of personnel, integration of their desire for results and set goals. As a matter of fact, the formation of creativity and innovative thinking of the personnel of modern hotels and restaurants will be the basis of their competence and a condition for survival in a competitive war. The high-quality provision of services by HRB enterprises directly depends on the quality of work of each employee of the organization, that is, the success of the organization directly depends on the cohesion of the collective or team. If the team has a general focus on the result, is subject to a single company policy, knows how to competently divide work and act harmoniously, then it is able to withstand the competition with dignity. The task of administrative management is the development and adoption of management decisions, the distribution of tasks among executors and control over their quality performance. The competitiveness of the enterprise will depend on how the problems of the quality of products and services will be solved by HRB enterprises using administrative management methods. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of administrative management on the competitiveness of the hotel and restaurant business. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the research are fundamental provisions of management, international economy and world economy; formal logistics; general scientific theoretical methods of grouping and generalization, comparison, expert evaluation, which involves a consistent and structural analysis of terms and concepts (when researching the content of administrative management, competitiveness); a combination of methods, systematic and logical-sequential analysis for evaluating the researched processes (when classifying factors that affect the competitiveness of HRB enterprises); analysis and synthesis. The methodological basis of the article is the application of the principle of the unity of theory and practice. The article describes the essence of the competitiveness of the enterprises of HRB. The main factors affecting the competitiveness of the enterprises of the Republic of Belarus are given. The importance of administrative management for the enterprises of HRB is substantiated. The impact of administrative management on the competitiveness of HRB enterprises has been revealed. The practical significance of the results obtained is determined by their relevance, the validity of the proposed provisions and recommendations. The conducted research creates a theoretical and methodological basis for the implementation at the level of hotel and restaurant business enterprises of a complex system approach to the development of measures aimed at the effective performance of management functions to improve the quality of services of HRB enterprises, an internal economic mechanism that provides for the regulation of the main subsystems of HRB enterprises, which contributes increasing the competitive capabilities of firms in the development of ways to improve the quality of services of HRB enterprises. The need for further research into the impact of various management methods on the competitiveness of hotel and restaurant business enterprises is due to the intensifying competition in the hospitality industry. The stable development of HRB enterprises will depend on how the problems of competitiveness, quality of products and services will be solved.

The use of the topics and vocabulary of the Second World War in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict 2014-2020 (analysis of foreign historiography)

The object of research is the latest English literature of scientists and analysts in Western Europe and America, devoted to the problems of the information war waged by the Kremlin authorities against Ukraine. It is the problems, events of the Second World War, in the Russian-speaking academic space and the media that are still referred to only as the Great Patriotic War that became the leitmotif of these actions. Moreover, the history of the war is used precisely speculatively, that is, a careful selection of facts and conclusions is carried out, which are adjusted to certain conceptual foundations.
 Investigated problem. As a result of a critical analysis of the works of Western authors, the problem posed in this work is solved: to show the objectivity and evidence of the narratives of foreign authors on the biased presentation of the topics and vocabulary of World War II about the events in the East of Ukraine in 2014-2020.
 Main scientific results. The main scientific result of the study is the conclusion that Western scientists are deeply immersed in the vicissitudes of the conflict, debunking the biased evidence of Russian experts, fascist tendencies are imposed on the basis of false accusations of Ukraine, although such processes have not been recorded by any foreign analysts and observers. One of the stereotypes of Russian propaganda is the reproach for the massive "banderization" of the consciousness of citizens, but at the same time the face and activities of the leader of the OUN (b) are deliberately distorted. Modern studios of historians, diplomats, analysts of Western Europe, the USA, Canada are convincingly criticizing the political and ideological measures of Moscow aimed at discrediting the Ukrainian people. It is emphasized that the process of "nationalization" of history in Ukraine, especially during the Second World War by the Russian establishment, was used in a fraudulent way to tarnish the past of Ukraine. It was noted that, despite all the efforts of the Russian information and propaganda machine, Moscow fails to achieve the desire for results.
 Scope of practical application. The research results, which are innovative in nature, can be used in both cognitive and educational values.

“The results are encouragements to make positive changes to be healthier:” qualitative evaluation of Marshallese participants' perceptions when receiving study results in a randomized control trial

BackgroundStudy participants express a desire to receive the results of studies in which they have participated even when the results are not what researchers expected. Sharing results with participants is a core principle of community-based participatory research (CBPR), however, many researchers using a community-based participatory approach report that they encounter barriers to sharing results with study participants. Researchers at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences established a CBPR partnership with Marshallese community stakeholders in an effort to reduce the health disparities of this vulnerable population. Marshallese are a Pacific Islander population that faces significant health disparities and have a high prevalence of diabetes, obesity, obesity-related cancers, and other chronic diseases compared to the general US population. MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was used to evaluate Marshallese participants’ perceptions related to receiving results of a culturally adapted Diabetes Self-Management Education randomized control trial in which they participated. Participants were provided with a summary of their individual results as well as preliminary, overall aggregate study results. Interviews were conducted with half of (N = 111) of the 221 enrolled participants that provided them with the opportunity to share in-depth responses related to their perceptions of the study results they received. ResultsThere was no statistically significant differences between study arms in participant desire to receive overall study results, desire to receive personal study results, or willingness to participate in future research. Participants described their desire for results and the effect of these results on their future behavior. Within the a priori theme of participants’ desire for results, three subthemes emerged: 1) results showed current health status, 2) results showed improvement, and 3) demonstrated the overall results of the study. Within the a priori theme of effects of results on future behavior, two sub-themes emerged: 1) encourage future healthy behavior, and 2) encourage future research participation. ConclusionsParticipants overwhelmingly stated they wanted to receive personal and aggregate study results. This finding is consistent with previous qualitative studies that documented that participants want results. Marshallese participants also reported that receiving study results would affect their future health behavior. This study documents specifically how participants anticipate using the results of studies in which they participated. Clinical trials registration informationThe study is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT02407132).

Preferences for Return of Genetic Results Among Participants in the Jackson Heart Study and Framingham Heart Study.

Surveys suggest that most research participants desire access to secondary (incidental) genomic findings. However, few studies clarify whether preferences vary by the nature of the finding. We surveyed members of the JHS (Jackson Heart Study, n=960), the FHS (Framingham Heart Study; n=955), and African American members of the FHS Omni cohort (n=160) who had consented to genomic studies. Each factorial survey included 3 vignettes, randomly selected from a set of 64, that described a secondary genomic result. Vignettes varied systematically by 5 factors identified by expert panels as salient: phenotype severity, actionability (preventability), reproductive significance, and relative and absolute risk of the phenotype. Respondents indicated whether they would want to receive the result. Data were analyzed separately by cohort using generalized linear mixed models. Response rates ranged from 67% to 73%. Across vignettes, 88% to 92% of respondents would definitely or probably want to learn the result. In multivariate analyses among JHS respondents, desire for results was associated with positive attitudes towards genetic testing, lower education, higher subjective numeracy, and younger age, but not with any of the 5 factors. Among FHS respondents, desire for results was associated with higher absolute risk, preventability, reproductive risk, and positive attitudes towards genetic testing. Among FHS Omni respondents, desire for results was associated with positive attitudes towards genetic testing and younger age. Most genetic research participants desire return of secondary genetic results. Several factors identified by expert panels as salient are associated with preferences among FHS, but not JHS or FHS Omni, participants.

Lay attitudes toward trust, uncertainty, and the return of pediatric research results in biobanking

ABSTRACTBackground: Trust plays a role in participants’ reactions to clinical residual biobanks. The purpose of this study is to assess whether trust in medical researchers and negative reactions to uncertainty influence the attitudes of parents of pediatric research participants toward the return of genomic research results from biobanking. Methods: Focus groups were conducted in collaboration with two community-based organizations. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and the trust in research and intolerance of uncertainty scales. The focus groups were then conducted according to a thematic focus-group guide; discussions were transcribed and analyzed by two trained coders. Results: Emerging themes included the importance of returning research results to both children and parents, sharing results with few limitations based on a child's age, and the desire for results even when researchers had concerns about analytic validity. Negative reactions to uncertainty appear to have influenced only one theme: the paradoxical claim by participants with stronger reactions to uncertainty that they had a “right to information.” Conclusion: Participants prefer to receive most or all of the results produced by genomic research, and they want their children, within variable age restrictions, to have access to that information as well.

Setting up a new old age psychiatry service

The views of general practitioners (GPs) on the priorities for a new old age psychiatry service were obtained. Most GPs identified dementia patients with behavioural or psychiatric disturbance as being the greatest priority for an old age psychiatry service. There was less consensus on the priorities for delivery of the service, but hospital-based services such as in-patient and day hospital facilities remain high on the GPs' priority list. There was a widely-based desire for results of assessments to be communicated by telephone, followed later by letter. These findings have been taken into account in the development of our new service.